find、grep、sed、awk命令（总结）

大纲

*一、常见系统特殊符号*

*（一）基础符号系列*

*1）美元符号 $*

*2）叹号符号 !*

*3）竖线符号 |*

*4）井号符号 #*

*（二）引号符号系列*

*（三）定向符号系列*

*（四）路径符号系列*

*（五）逻辑符号系列*

*二、常见通配符号*

*（一）通配符号作用*

*（二）通配符号企业应用*

*三、find（以文件为单位进行查找后删除复制移动）*

*三、正则符号*

*（一）正则符号作用说明*

*（二）正则表达符号分类*

*（三）正则符号注意事项*

*（四）基础正则符号说明*

*（五）扩展正则符号说明*

*（六）正则符号使用问题*

*（七）正则符号特性说明*

*五、grep（过滤筛选信息）*

*六、sed(修改替换文件内容擅长对文件中的行进行操作)*

*1）概念介绍*

*2）sed命令的执行流程*

*3）sed命令实际应用*

*七、awk（擅长统计分析文件内容擅长对文件中列进行操作）*

*1）概念介绍*

*2）awk命令执行过程*

*3）awk命令的实际应用*

一、常见系统特殊符号

（一）基础符号系列

1）美元符号 $

1.用于取出变量中的内容

2.用于取出指定列的信息（awk）

3.表示用户命令提示符号

超级用户为 #

普通用户为 $

2）叹号符号 !

1.用于表示取反或者排除意思

2.命令行中表示取出最近命令

!awk（慎用）

history|grep awk

3.用于表示强制操作处理

vim底行模式保存退出 wq! q!

3）竖线符号 |

1.表示管道符号，管道前面命令，交给管道后面执行

2.经常配合xargs命令使用

经常配合xargs命令使用

查找指定数据信息进行删除

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs rm

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec rm -rf {} ;

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -delete

这三条命令都是用于删除 `/test` 目录下符合 "test*.txt" 模式的文件。它们执行相同任务，但采用了略微不同的方法。以下是每条命令的解释：

1. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs rm`

   这条命令首先使用 `find` 命令在 `/test` 目录下查找所有类型为普通文件（-type f）且文件名符合 "test*.txt" 模式的文件，然后通过管道 `|` 将这些文件名传递给 `xargs` 命令，最后由 `rm` 命令批量删除这些文件。

2. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec rm -rf {} \;`

   这条命令同样使用 `find` 命令定位到目标文件，但它使用 `-exec` 参数直接对查找到的每个文件执行 `rm -rf` 命令进行删除操作。`{}` 作为占位符代表 `find` 找到的每一个文件路径。

3. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -delete`

   这是最简洁的写法，从 `find` 命令 4.0 版本开始支持 `-delete` 选项。这条命令表示在 `/test` 目录下查找并直接删除所有匹配 "test*.txt" 模式的普通文件。这种方式更为安全和高效，因为它避免了通过管道或 `-exec` 子命令调用外部命令可能导致的问题。

查找指定数据信息进行复制

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs -i cp {} /test01/

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs cp -t /test01/

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec cp -a {} /test01 ;



1. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs -i cp {} /test01/`

   这条命令首先使用 `find` 命令找到所有匹配的文件，然后通过管道 `|` 将这些文件路径传递给 `xargs` 命令。这里的 `-i` 参数表示在执行 `cp` 命令时替换 `{}` 为实际的文件名。所以这条命令的作用是逐个将找到的文件复制到 `/test01/` 目录下。

2. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs cp -t /test01/`

   这条命令与上一条类似，但更简洁，它利用了 `cp` 命令的 `-t` 选项，该选项后面跟的是目标目录。`xargs` 会自动将找到的文件作为参数传给 `cp` 命令，一次性复制多个文件到 `/test01/` 目录。

3. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec cp -a {} /test01 \;`

   这条命令采用 `-exec` 参数直接在 `find` 命令内部调用 `cp` 命令，`-a` 选项用于保留源文件的所有属性（如权限、时间戳等）进行复制。`{}` 表示 `find` 找到的每个文件，将其逐一复制到 `/test01/` 目录下。

查找指定数据信息进行移动

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs -i mv {} /test01/

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs mv -t /test01/

find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec mv {} /test01 ;



1. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs -i mv {} /test01/`

   这条命令首先使用 `find` 命令找到所有匹配的文件，然后通过管道 `|` 将这些文件路径传递给 `xargs` 命令，并且 `-i` 参数会在执行 `mv` 命令时用 `{}` 代表实际的文件名。所以这条命令的作用是逐个将找到的文件从原位置移动到 `/test01/` 目录下。

2. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs mv -t /test01/`

   这条命令与上一条类似，它利用了 `mv` 命令的 `-t` 选项，该选项后面跟的是目标目录。`xargs` 将找到的所有文件作为参数一次性传递给 `mv` 命令，从而将多个文件一起移动到 `/test01/` 目录下。

3. `find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec mv {} /test01 \;`

   这条命令采用 `-exec` 参数直接在 `find` 命令内部调用 `mv` 命令，`{}` 表示 `find` 找到的每个文件，将其逐一从原位置移动到 `/test01/` 目录下。这个方法也是逐个处理文件，但相比管道和 `xargs` 的方式，命令结构更为直观。

查找指定数据信息按照日期 --主要用于批量删除历史数据信息

查找7天以前的数据： find /test -type f -mtime +7

查找最近7天的数据： find /test -type f -mtime -7

查找距今第7天数据： find /test -type f -mtime 7


root@master test]# find /test -type f -mtime +7
[root@master test]# find /test -type f -mtime -7
/test/test31.txt
/test/test32.txt
/test/test33.txt
/test/test34.txt
/test/test35.txt
/test/test36.txt
/test/test37.txt
/test/test38.txt
/test/test39.txt
/test/test40.txt
[root@master test]# find /test -type f -mtime 7

Find 掌握这些够用了

(1)find工具name参数案例,详解如下

find /data -name "txt”":查找/data/目录以xxt结尾的文件

find /data -name "[A-Z]”:查找/data/目录以大写字母开头的文件

find /data -name “test”:#查找/data/目录以test开头的文件

root@master data]# find /data -type f -name "txt"
/data/txt
[root@master data]# find /data -name "[A-Z]"
/data/A
/data/B
/data/C
/data/D
/data/E
/data/F
/data/G
/data/H
/data/I
/data/J
/data/K
/data/L
/data/M
/data/N
/data/O
/data/P
/data/Q
/data/R
/data/S
/data/T
/data/U
/data/V
/data/W
/data/X
/data/Y
/data/Z

[root@master data]# find /data -name "test"
/data/test

（2）fnd工具-type参数案例,详解如下

find /data -type d:查找/data/目录下的文件夹

find / data ! type d:查找/data/目录下的非文件夹

find /data -type I:查找/data/目录下的链接文件

find /data -type d | xargs chmod 755 -R:查找目录类型并将权限设置为755

find /data -type f |xargs chmod 644 -R:查找文件类型并将权限设置为644



[root@master data]# find /data -type d
/data
[root@master data]# find /data ! -type d
/data/test.txt
/data/test1.txt
/data/test2.txt
/data/test3.txt
/data/test4.txt
/data/test5.txt
/data/test6.txt
/data/test7.txt
/data/test8.txt
/data/test9.txt
/data/test10.txt
/data/test11.txt
/data/test12.txt
/data/test13.txt
/data/test14.txt
/data/test15.txt
/data/test16.txt
/data/test17.txt
/data/test18.txt
/data/test19.txt
/data/test20.txt
/data/test21.txt
/data/test22.txt
/data/test23.txt
/data/test24.txt
/data/test25.txt
/data/test26.txt
/data/test27.txt
/data/test28.txt
/data/test29.txt
/data/test30.txt
/data/test31.txt
/data/test32.txt
/data/test33.txt
/data/test34.txt
/data/test35.txt
/data/test36.txt
/data/test37.txt
/data/test38.txt
/data/test39.txt
/data/test40.txt
/data/txt1.txt
/data/txt2.txt
/data/txt3.txt
/data/txt4.txt
/data/txt5.txt
/data/txt6.txt
/data/txt7.txt
/data/txt8.txt
/data/txt9.txt
/data/txt10.txt
/data/txt
/data/A
/data/B
/data/C
/data/D
/data/E
/data/F
/data/G
/data/H
/data/I
/data/J
/data/K
/data/L
/data/M
/data/N
/data/O
/data/P
/data/Q
/data/R
/data/S
/data/T
/data/U
/data/V
/data/W
/data/X
/data/Y
/data/Z
/data/test







[root@master data]# ls -s /data/txt /data/txt1.txt 
0 /data/txt  0 /data/txt1.txt



[root@master test01]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test14.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test15.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test16.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test17.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test18.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test19.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test20.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test21.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test22.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test23.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test24.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test25.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test26.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test27.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test28.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test29.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:21 test30.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 Mar 14 00:20 test9.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48 Mar 14 00:14 test.txt
[root@master test01]# ^C
[root@master test01]# ln -sf /data/txt /test01/test.txt
[root@master test01]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test14.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test15.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test16.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test17.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test18.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test19.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test20.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test21.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test22.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test23.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test24.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test25.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test26.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test27.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test28.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test29.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:21 test30.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 14 00:20 test9.txt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 14 00:38 test.txt -> /data/txt
[root@master test01]# find /data -type d|xargs chmod 755 -R
[root@master test01]# cd /data
[root@master data]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 A
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 B
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 C
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 D
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 E
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 F
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 G
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 H
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 I
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 J
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 K
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 L
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 N
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 O
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 P
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 Q
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 R
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 S
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 T
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:29 test
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test10.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test11.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test12.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test13.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test14.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test15.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test16.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test17.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test18.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test19.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test1.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test20.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test21.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test22.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test23.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test24.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test25.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test26.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test27.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test28.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test29.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test2.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test30.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test31.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test32.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test33.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test34.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test35.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test36.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test37.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test38.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test39.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test3.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test40.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test4.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test5.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test6.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test7.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test8.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test9.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5559 Mar 13 03:32 test.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt10.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt1.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt2.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt3.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt4.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt5.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt6.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt7.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt8.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt9.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 U
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 V
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 W
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 X
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 Y
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 Z
[root@master data]# ^C
[root@master data]# find /data -type f |xargs chmod 644 -R
[root@master data]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 A
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 B
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 C
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 D
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 E
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 F
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 H
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 I
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 J
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 L
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 N
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 O
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 P
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 Q
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 R
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 S
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 T
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:29 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test11.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test13.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test14.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test15.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test16.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test17.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test18.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test19.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test20.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test21.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test22.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test23.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test24.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test25.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test26.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test27.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test28.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test29.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test30.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test31.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test32.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test33.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test34.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test35.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test36.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test37.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test38.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test39.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test40.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:26 test9.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5559 Mar 13 03:32 test.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt10.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt6.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt7.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt8.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:27 txt9.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 U
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 V
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 W
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 X
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 Y
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Mar 14 00:28 Z

(3)find工具size参数案例,详解如下

find /data -size +1M:查找文件大小大于1MB的文件

find /data -size 10M:查找文件大小为10MB的文件。

find /data -size -1M:查找文件大小小于1MB的文件。

 dd if=/dev/zero of=txt4.txt bs=1M count=10  往一个文件写入多少内存的命令
 cat txt3.txt >> passwd   追加一个文件到另一个文件的命令，不覆盖








[root@master data]# find /data -size +10M
/data/txt3.txt
/data/passwd
[root@master data]# find /data -size 10M
/data/txt4.txt
[root@master data]# find /data -size -1M
/data/test1.txt
/data/test2.txt
/data/test3.txt
/data/test4.txt
/data/test5.txt
/data/test6.txt
/data/test7.txt
/data/test8.txt
/data/test9.txt
/data/test10.txt
/data/test11.txt
/data/test12.txt
/data/test13.txt
/data/test14.txt
/data/test15.txt
/data/test16.txt
/data/test17.txt
/data/test18.txt
/data/test19.txt
/data/test20.txt
/data/test21.txt
/data/test22.txt
/data/test23.txt
/data/test24.txt
/data/test25.txt
/data/test26.txt
/data/test27.txt
/data/test28.txt
/data/test29.txt
/data/test30.txt
/data/test31.txt
/data/test32.txt
/data/test33.txt
/data/test34.txt
/data/test35.txt
/data/test36.txt
/data/test37.txt
/data/test38.txt
/data/test39.txt
/data/test40.txt
/data/txt1.txt
/data/txt2.txt
/data/txt5.txt
/data/txt6.txt
/data/txt7.txt
/data/txt8.txt
/data/txt9.txt
/data/txt10.txt
/data/txt
/data/A
/data/B
/data/C
/data/D
/data/E
/data/F
/data/G
/data/H
/data/I
/data/J
/data/K
/data/L
/data/M
/data/N
/data/O
/data/P
/data/Q
/data/R
/data/S
/data/T
/data/U
/data/V
/data/W
/data/X
/data/Y
/data/Z
/data/test

(4)find工具perm参数案例,详解如下:

find /data -perm 755:查找/data/目录权限为755的文件或者目录

find/data -perm -007:与perm77相同,表示所有权限。

find/data -perm +644:查找文件权限符号为644以上的文件

[root@master data]# find /data -perm 755
/data
[root@master data]# find /data -perm -007
[root@master data]# find /data -type f |xargs chmod 007 -R
[root@master data]# find /data -perm -007
/data/test.txt
/data/test1.txt
/data/test2.txt
/data/test3.txt
/data/test4.txt
/data/test5.txt
/data/test6.txt
/data/test7.txt
/data/test8.txt
/data/test9.txt
/data/test10.txt
/data/test11.txt
/data/test12.txt
/data/test13.txt
/data/test14.txt
/data/test15.txt
/data/test16.txt
/data/test17.txt
/data/test18.txt
/data/test19.txt
/data/test20.txt
/data/test21.txt
/data/test22.txt
/data/test23.txt
/data/test24.txt
/data/test25.txt
/data/test26.txt
/data/test27.txt
/data/test28.txt
/data/test29.txt
/data/test30.txt
/data/test31.txt
/data/test32.txt
/data/test33.txt
/data/test34.txt
/data/test35.txt
/data/test36.txt
/data/test37.txt
/data/test38.txt
/data/test39.txt
/data/test40.txt
/data/txt1.txt
/data/txt2.txt
/data/txt4.txt
/data/txt5.txt
/data/txt6.txt
/data/txt7.txt
/data/txt8.txt
/data/txt9.txt
/data/txt10.txt
/data/txt
/data/A
/data/B
/data/C
/data/D
/data/E
/data/F
/data/G
/data/H
/data/I
/data/J
/data/K
/data/L
/data/M
/data/N
/data/O
/data/P
/data/Q
/data/R
/data/S
/data/T
/data/U
/data/V
/data/W
/data/X
/data/Y
/data/Z
/data/test
/data/txt3.txt
/data/passwd
[root@master data]# find /data -type f |xargs chmod 644 -R
[root@master data]# find /data -perm +644
/data/test.txt
/data/test1.txt
/data/test2.txt
/data/test3.txt
/data/test4.txt
/data/test5.txt
/data/test6.txt
/data/test7.txt
/data/test8.txt
/data/test9.txt
/data/test10.txt
/data/test11.txt
/data/test12.txt
/data/test13.txt
/data/test14.txt
/data/test15.txt
/data/test16.txt
/data/test17.txt
/data/test18.txt
/data/test19.txt
/data/test20.txt
/data/test21.txt
/data/test22.txt
/data/test23.txt
/data/test24.txt
/data/test25.txt
/data/test26.txt
/data/test27.txt
/data/test28.txt
/data/test29.txt
/data/test30.txt
/data/test31.txt
/data/test32.txt
/data/test33.txt
/data/test34.txt
/data/test35.txt
/data/test36.txt
/data/test37.txt
/data/test38.txt
/data/test39.txt
/data/test40.txt
/data/txt1.txt
/data/txt2.txt
/data/txt4.txt
/data/txt5.txt
/data/txt6.txt
/data/txt7.txt
/data/txt8.txt
/data/txt9.txt
/data/txt10.txt
/data/txt
/data/A
/data/B
/data/C
/data/D
/data/E
/data/F
/data/G
/data/H
/data/I
/data/J
/data/K
/data/L
/data/M
/data/N
/data/O
/data/P
/data/Q
/data/R
/data/S
/data/T
/data/U
/data/V
/data/W
/data/X
/data/Y
/data/Z
/data/test
/data/txt3.txt
/data/passwd

(5)find工具mime参数案例,详解如下

atime, access time:文件被读取或者执行的时间

ctime, change time:文件状态改变时间

mime, modify time:文件内容被修改的时间

Find /data -mtime +30 -name “.log":查找30天以前的log文件

Find /data -mtime -30 -name ““.txt”:查找30天以内的log文件

Find /data -mtime +30 -name " .txt":查找第30天的log文件

find /data -mmin +30 -name ".log”:查找30min以前被访问的log文件

find /data -amin -30 -name ".log”:查找30min以内被访问的log文件

find /data -cmin 30 -name ".log”:查找第30min改变的log文件

[root@master data]# find /data -mtime +30 -name ".log"
[root@master data]# find /data -mtime -30 -name ".txt"
[root@master data]# find /data -mtime +30 -name ".txt"

[root@master data]# find /data -mmin +30 -name ".log"
[root@master data]# find /data -amin -30 -name ".log"
[root@master data]# find /data -cmin 30 -name ".log"

(6)find工具参数综合案例，代码如下

查找/data目录以,.log结尾,文件大于10KB的文件,同时/cp到/tmp目录

find /data/ -name ". log’ -type f -size +10k -exec cp {} /tmp/ ;

查我/ata目录以结尾,文件大于10EB的文件,权限为644并别除该文件

find /data/ -name ".log” -type f -size 10k -m perm 644 -exec rm -rf {} ;

查找/ta目录以,1q结尾,30天以前的文件,大小大于10并移动到/tmp目录

find /data/ -name " . log” -type f -mtine +30 -size +10M -exec mv { } /temp/

xargs:



1. 查找 `/data` 目录下以 `.log` 结尾、文件大小大于10KB的文件，并复制到 `/tmp` 目录：
   ```bash
   find /data/ -name "*.log" -type f -size +10k -exec cp {} /tmp/ \;

注意：在 -name 参数中，您需要使用双引号 "*.log" 来匹配所有以 .log 结尾的文件名。

查找 /data 目录下以 .log 结尾、文件大小大于10EB（通常这个条件不太可能应用）且权限为644的文件，并删除这些文件。这里假设您是想查找大于10KB的文件，且其权限必须为644：
```
find /data/ -name "*.log" -type f $ -size +10k -a -perm 644 $ -exec rm -f {} \;
```
注：-rf 选项可能会递归删除包含文件的目录，如果只需要删除文件，建议使用 -f 选项。
查找 /data 目录下以 .log 结尾、修改时间在30天以前、并且文件大小大于10MB的文件，并移动到 /temp 目录（这里假设您是想写 /tmp 目录）：
```
find /data/ -name "*.log" -type f -mtime +30 -size +10M -exec mv {} /tmp/ \;
```
注：请确保路径 /tmp 的正确性以及 mv 命令后有反斜杠 \; 来结束 -exec 参数。同时，请根据实际情况调整文件大小单位，例如此处已更正为 MB (+10M) 而不是之前未知的单位。

[root@master data]# find /data/ -name ".log" -type f -size +10k -exec cp {} /tmp/ ;
[root@master data]# cd /tmp
[root@master tmp]# ls
10.log 14.log 1.log 3.txt 6.txt 9.txt
10.txt 15.log 1.txt 4.log 7.log acclog.log
{1.10}.txt 16.log 20.log 4.txt 7.txt yum_save_tx.2024-03-09.20-43.MjeG_P.yumtx
11.log 17.log 2.log 5.log 8.log
12.log 18.log 2.txt 5.txt 8.txt
13.log 19.log 3.log 6.log 9.log
[root@master tmp]# find /data/ -name ".log" -type f ( -size +10k -a -perm 644 ) -exec rm -f {} ;
[root@master tmp]# cd /data
[root@master data]# ls
10.log 2.log E passwd test16.txt test27.txt test38.txt txt10.txt W
11.log 3.log F Q test17.txt test28.txt test39.txt txt1.txt X
12.log 4.log G R test18.txt test29.txt test3.txt txt2.txt Y
13.log 5.log H S test19.txt test2.txt test40.txt txt3.txt Z
14.log 6.log I T test1.txt test30.txt test4.txt txt4.txt
15.log 7.log J test test20.txt test31.txt test5.txt txt5.txt
16.log 8.log K test10.txt test21.txt test32.txt test6.txt txt6.txt
17.log 9.log L test11.txt test22.txt test33.txt test7.txt txt7.txt
18.log A M test12.txt test23.txt test34.txt test8.txt txt8.txt
19.log B N test13.txt test24.txt test35.txt test9.txt txt9.txt
1.log C O test14.txt test25.txt test36.txt test.txt U
20.log D P test15.txt test26.txt test37.txt txt V
[root@master data]# find /data/ -name "*.log" -type f -mtime +30 -size +10M -exec mv {} /tmp/ ;
[root@master data]# ls
10.log 2.log E passwd test16.txt test27.txt test38.txt txt10.txt W
11.log 3.log F Q test17.txt test28.txt test39.txt txt1.txt X
12.log 4.log G R test18.txt test29.txt test3.txt txt2.txt Y
13.log 5.log H S test19.txt test2.txt test40.txt txt3.txt Z
14.log 6.log I T test1.txt test30.txt test4.txt txt4.txt
15.log 7.log J test test20.txt test31.txt test5.txt txt5.txt
16.log 8.log K test10.txt test21.txt test32.txt test6.txt txt6.txt
17.log 9.log L test11.txt test22.txt test33.txt test7.txt txt7.txt
18.log A M test12.txt test23.txt test34.txt test8.txt txt8.txt
19.log B N test13.txt test24.txt test35.txt test9.txt txt9.txt
1.log C O test14.txt test25.txt test36.txt test.txt U
20.log D P test15.txt test26.txt test37.txt txt V


###### 4）井号符号  #

1.表示文件内容注释符号

 

2.表示用户命令提示符号

  超级用户为 #

  普通用户为 $

（二）引号符号系列

1.美元括号：

  $()

   表示命令执行结果留下，用于其他命令调用

 

2.引号符号：

双引号

  ""

   表示输入内容，就是输出内容，但是部分信息会被解析

单引号

  ''

   表示输入内容，就是输出内容（所见即所得）

反引号

  ``

   表示命令执行结果留下，用于其他命令调用

（三）定向符号系列

1.小于符号：

  单个小于符号

    <

      标准输入重定向符号

  两个小于符号

    <<

      标准输入追加重定向符号

 

2.大于符号：

  单个大于符号

    \>

      标准输出重定向符号

      错误输出重定向符号

  两个大于符号

    \>>

      标准输出追加重定向符号

      错误输出追加重定向符号

（四）路径符号系列

1.单点符号：

  .

    表示当前目录

 

2.双点符号：

  ..

    表示上级目录

 

3.波浪符号

  ~

    表示用户家目录信息

      超级用户：/root

      普通用户：/home/用户名称

（五）逻辑符号系列

1.并且符号：

  &&

    表示前面的名称执行成功，再执行后面的命令

 

2.或者符号：

  ||

    表示前面的名称执行失败，再执行后面的命令

#### 二、常见通配符号

作用说明：查找文件名称信息

 

使用场景：命令行经常使用

 

（一）通配符号作用

通配符号作用说明：方便匹配找出多个数据文件(按照文件名称进行匹配查找)

 

（二）通配符号企业应用

通配符号企业应用（wildcard）

1.星号：*

表示匹配所有内容信息

\# 找出以什么结尾的文件信息

find /test -type f -name "*.txt"

\# 找出以什么开头的文件信息

find /test -type f -name "test*"

 

2.花括号：{}

表示生成序列信息

\# 生成连续数字序列

echo {01..10}

\# 生成不连续数字序列

echo {01,03,05}

\# 生成连续字母序列

echo {a..d}

\# 生成不连续字母序列

echo {a,d,f,h}

 

表示生成组合序列

\# 生成组合序列

echo A{A,B}

\# 生成组合序列

echo {A,B}{C,D}

\# 生成备份文件

cp oldboy.txt{,.bak}

#### 三、find（以文件为单位进行查找后删除复制移动）

find：查找符合条件的文件

 

01、精确查找：

find 路径信息 -type 文件类型 -name "文件名"

 

02、模糊查找：

find 路径信息 -type 文件类型 -name "文件名*"

find 路径信息 -type 文件类型 -name "*文件名"

find 路径信息 -type 文件类型 -name "文*件名"

 

03、忽略字符大小写查找：

find 路径信息 -type 文件类型 -iname "文件名*"

 

04、根据数据大小查找数据：

find /test -type f -size +100      --找出大于100k的文件

find /test -type f -size -100      --找出小于100k的文件

find /test -type f -size +1M      --找出大于1M的文件

 

`b'   for 512-byte blocks (this is the default if no suffix is used)

`c'   for bytes  （推荐）

`w'   for two-byte words

`k'   for Kilobytes (units of 1024 bytes) （推荐）

`M'   for Megabytes (units of 1048576 bytes) （推荐）

`G'   for Gigabytes (units of 1073741824 bytes)

 

05、根据目录指定层级进行查找数据（进行递归查找）：

find /test -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "test*"    

 

06、实际应用：

1. 如何找出/test/目录中.txt结尾的文件,将找出的文件进行统一删除

  a find /test/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -delete

  b find /test/ -type f -name "*.txt" -exec rm -rf {} \;

  c find /test/ -type f -name "*.txt" | xargs rm -f 

  d rm -rf $(find /test -type f -name "*.txt")

  e rm -f `find /test/ -type f -name "*.txt"`

[root@master test]# touch test{1..20}.txt
[root@master test]# ls
test10.txt test13.txt test16.txt test19.txt test2.txt test5.txt test8.txt
test11.txt test14.txt test17.txt test1.txt test3.txt test6.txt test9.txt
test12.txt test15.txt test18.txt test20.txt test4.txt test7.txt
[root@master test]# find /test/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*txt" -delete
[root@master test]# ls
[root@master test]#

[root@master test]# touch test{1..20}.txt
[root@master test]# ls
test10.txt test13.txt test16.txt test19.txt test2.txt test5.txt test8.txt
test11.txt test14.txt test17.txt test1.txt test3.txt test6.txt test9.txt
test12.txt test15.txt test18.txt test20.txt test4.txt test7.txt
[root@master test]# find /test/ -type f -name "*.txt" -exec rm -rf {} ;
[root@master test]# ls
[root@master test]#

[root@master test]# ls
test10.txt test13.txt test16.txt test19.txt test2.txt test5.txt test8.txt
test11.txt test14.txt test17.txt test1.txt test3.txt test6.txt test9.txt
test12.txt test15.txt test18.txt test20.txt test4.txt test7.txt
[root@master test]# find /test/ -type f -name "*.txt" |xargs rm -f
[root@master test]# ls
[root@master test]#

[root@master test]# rm -rf $(find /test -type f -name "*txt")
[root@master test]# ls


02.如何找出/test/目录中.txt结尾的文件,将找出的文件进行批量复制/移动到/tmp目录中   

  find /test/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -exec cp  {} /tmp \;

find /test/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt"|xargs -I{} cp -t /tmp {}    ---xargs其作用是将查找内容一列变为1行

[root@master test]# find /test/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -exec cp {} /tmp ;
[root@master test]# ls
test10.txt test15.txt test1.txt test24.txt test29.txt test5.txt
test11.txt test16.txt test20.txt test25.txt test2.txt test6.txt
test12.txt test17.txt test21.txt test26.txt test30.txt test7.txt
test13.txt test18.txt test22.txt test27.txt test3.txt test8.txt
test14.txt test19.txt test23.txt test28.txt test4.txt test9.txt
[root@master test]# cd /tmp
[root@master tmp]# ls
10.log 1.txt 7.txt test17.txt test29.txt
10.txt 20.log 8.log test18.txt test2.txt
{1.10}.txt 2.log 8.txt test19.txt test30.txt
11.log 2.txt 9.log test1.txt test3.txt
12.log 3.log 9.txt test20.txt test4.txt
13.log 3.txt acclog.log test21.txt test5.txt
14.log 4.log test10.txt test22.txt test6.txt
15.log 4.txt test11.txt test23.txt test7.txt
16.log 5.log test12.txt test24.txt test8.txt
17.log 5.txt test13.txt test25.txt test9.txt
18.log 6.log test14.txt test26.txt yum_save_tx.2024-03-09.20-43.MjeG_P.yumtx
19.log 6.txt test15.txt test27.txt
1.log 7.log test16.txt test28.txt

[root@master tmp]# find /test/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt"|xargs -I{} cp -t /tmp {}
[root@master tmp]# ls
10.log 1.txt 7.txt test17.txt test29.txt
10.txt 20.log 8.log test18.txt test2.txt
{1.10}.txt 2.log 8.txt test19.txt test30.txt
11.log 2.txt 9.log test1.txt test3.txt
12.log 3.log 9.txt test20.txt test4.txt
13.log 3.txt acclog.log test21.txt test5.txt
14.log 4.log test10.txt test22.txt test6.txt
15.log 4.txt test11.txt test23.txt test7.txt
16.log 5.log test12.txt test24.txt test8.txt
17.log 5.txt test13.txt test25.txt test9.txt
18.log 6.log test14.txt test26.txt yum_save_tx.2024-03-09.20-43.MjeG_P.yumtx
19.log 6.txt test15.txt test27.txt
1.log 7.log test16.txt test28.txt




补充：

###### 1.查找指定数据信息进行删除

01.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs rm

02.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec rm -rf {} \;

03.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -delete

[root@master tmp]# find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs rm
[root@master tmp]# cd /test
[root@master test]# ls

[root@master test]# touch test{1..90}.txt
[root@master test]# ls
test10.txt test22.txt test34.txt test46.txt test58.txt test6.txt test81.txt
test11.txt test23.txt test35.txt test47.txt test59.txt test70.txt test82.txt
test12.txt test24.txt test36.txt test48.txt test5.txt test71.txt test83.txt
test13.txt test25.txt test37.txt test49.txt test60.txt test72.txt test84.txt
test14.txt test26.txt test38.txt test4.txt test61.txt test73.txt test85.txt
test15.txt test27.txt test39.txt test50.txt test62.txt test74.txt test86.txt
test16.txt test28.txt test3.txt test51.txt test63.txt test75.txt test87.txt
test17.txt test29.txt test40.txt test52.txt test64.txt test76.txt test88.txt
test18.txt test2.txt test41.txt test53.txt test65.txt test77.txt test89.txt
test19.txt test30.txt test42.txt test54.txt test66.txt test78.txt test8.txt
test1.txt test31.txt test43.txt test55.txt test67.txt test79.txt test90.txt
test20.txt test32.txt test44.txt test56.txt test68.txt test7.txt test9.txt
test21.txt test33.txt test45.txt test57.txt test69.txt test80.txt
[root@master test]# find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec rm -rf {} ;
[root@master test]# ls
[root@master test]#


 

###### 2.查找指定数据信息进行复制

01.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs -i cp {} /test01/

02.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs cp -t /test01/

03.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec cp -a {} /test01 \;

[root@master test01]# ls
test10.txt test15.txt test1.txt test24.txt test29.txt test5.txt test.txt
test11.txt test16.txt test20.txt test25.txt test2.txt test6.txt
test12.txt test17.txt test21.txt test26.txt test30.txt test7.txt
test13.txt test18.txt test22.txt test27.txt test3.txt test8.txt
test14.txt test19.txt test23.txt test28.txt test4.txt test9.txt
[root@master test01]# find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" |xargs -i cp {} /test01/
[root@master test01]# ls
test10.txt test22.txt test34.txt test46.txt test58.txt test6.txt test81.txt
test11.txt test23.txt test35.txt test47.txt test59.txt test70.txt test82.txt
test12.txt test24.txt test36.txt test48.txt test5.txt test71.txt test83.txt
test13.txt test25.txt test37.txt test49.txt test60.txt test72.txt test84.txt
test14.txt test26.txt test38.txt test4.txt test61.txt test73.txt test85.txt
test15.txt test27.txt test39.txt test50.txt test62.txt test74.txt test86.txt
test16.txt test28.txt test3.txt test51.txt test63.txt test75.txt test87.txt
test17.txt test29.txt test40.txt test52.txt test64.txt test76.txt test88.txt
test18.txt test2.txt test41.txt test53.txt test65.txt test77.txt test89.txt
test19.txt test30.txt test42.txt test54.txt test66.txt test78.txt test8.txt
test1.txt test31.txt test43.txt test55.txt test67.txt test79.txt test90.txt
test20.txt test32.txt test44.txt test56.txt test68.txt test7.txt test9.txt
test21.txt test33.txt test45.txt test57.txt test69.txt test80.txt test.txt

[root@master test01]# find /test -type f -name "test.txt" |xargs cp -t /test01/
[root@master test01]# ls
test10.txt test22.txt test34.txt test46.txt test58.txt test6.txt test81.txt
test11.txt test23.txt test35.txt test47.txt test59.txt test70.txt test82.txt
test12.txt test24.txt test36.txt test48.txt test5.txt test71.txt test83.txt
test13.txt test25.txt test37.txt test49.txt test60.txt test72.txt test84.txt
test14.txt test26.txt test38.txt test4.txt test61.txt test73.txt test85.txt
test15.txt test27.txt test39.txt test50.txt test62.txt test74.txt test86.txt
test16.txt test28.txt test3.txt test51.txt test63.txt test75.txt test87.txt
test17.txt test29.txt test40.txt test52.txt test64.txt test76.txt test88.txt
test18.txt test2.txt test41.txt test53.txt test65.txt test77.txt test89.txt
test19.txt test30.txt test42.txt test54.txt test66.txt test78.txt test8.txt
test1.txt test31.txt test43.txt test55.txt test67.txt test79.txt test90.txt
test20.txt test32.txt test44.txt test56.txt test68.txt test7.txt test9.txt
test21.txt test33.txt test45.txt test57.txt test69.txt test80.txt test.txt
[root@master test01]# find /test -type f -name "test.txt" -exec cp -a {} /test01 ;
[root@master test01]# ls
test10.txt test22.txt test34.txt test46.txt test58.txt test6.txt test81.txt
test11.txt test23.txt test35.txt test47.txt test59.txt test70.txt test82.txt
test12.txt test24.txt test36.txt test48.txt test5.txt test71.txt test83.txt
test13.txt test25.txt test37.txt test49.txt test60.txt test72.txt test84.txt
test14.txt test26.txt test38.txt test4.txt test61.txt test73.txt test85.txt
test15.txt test27.txt test39.txt test50.txt test62.txt test74.txt test86.txt
test16.txt test28.txt test3.txt test51.txt test63.txt test75.txt test87.txt
test17.txt test29.txt test40.txt test52.txt test64.txt test76.txt test88.txt
test18.txt test2.txt test41.txt test53.txt test65.txt test77.txt test89.txt
test19.txt test30.txt test42.txt test54.txt test66.txt test78.txt test8.txt
test1.txt test31.txt test43.txt test55.txt test67.txt test79.txt test90.txt
test20.txt test32.txt test44.txt test56.txt test68.txt test7.txt test9.txt
test21.txt test33.txt test45.txt test57.txt test69.txt test80.txt test.txt






###### 3.查找指定数据信息进行移动

01.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs -i mv {} /test01/

02.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs mv -t /test01/

03.find /test -type f -name "test*.txt" -exec mv {} /test01 \;

[root@master test]# find /test -type f -name "test*.txt"|xargs -i mv {} /test01/
[root@master test]# ls
nwq10.txt nwq2.txt nwq4.txt nwq6.txt nwq8.txt
nwq1.txt nwq3.txt nwq5.txt nwq7.txt nwq9.txt

[root@master test]# touch test{110..180}.txt
[root@master test]# find /test -type f -name "test.txt"|xargs mv -t /test01/
[root@master test]# ls
nwq10.txt nwq2.txt nwq4.txt nwq6.txt nwq8.txt
nwq1.txt nwq3.txt nwq5.txt nwq7.txt nwq9.txt
[root@master test]# touch test{110..200}.txt
[root@master test]# ls
nwq10.txt test115.txt test130.txt test145.txt test160.txt test175.txt test190.txt
nwq1.txt test116.txt test131.txt test146.txt test161.txt test176.txt test191.txt
nwq2.txt test117.txt test132.txt test147.txt test162.txt test177.txt test192.txt
nwq3.txt test118.txt test133.txt test148.txt test163.txt test178.txt test193.txt
nwq4.txt test119.txt test134.txt test149.txt test164.txt test179.txt test194.txt
nwq5.txt test120.txt test135.txt test150.txt test165.txt test180.txt test195.txt
nwq6.txt test121.txt test136.txt test151.txt test166.txt test181.txt test196.txt
nwq7.txt test122.txt test137.txt test152.txt test167.txt test182.txt test197.txt
nwq8.txt test123.txt test138.txt test153.txt test168.txt test183.txt test198.txt
nwq9.txt test124.txt test139.txt test154.txt test169.txt test184.txt test199.txt
test110.txt test125.txt test140.txt test155.txt test170.txt test185.txt test200.txt
test111.txt test126.txt test141.txt test156.txt test171.txt test186.txt
test112.txt test127.txt test142.txt test157.txt test172.txt test187.txt
test113.txt test128.txt test143.txt test158.txt test173.txt test188.txt
test114.txt test129.txt test144.txt test159.txt test174.txt test189.txt
[root@master test]# find /test -type f -name "test.txt" -exec mv {} /test01 ;
[root@master test]# ls
nwq10.txt nwq2.txt nwq4.txt nwq6.txt nwq8.txt
nwq1.txt nwq3.txt nwq5.txt nwq7.txt nwq9.txt


###### 4.查找指定数据信息按照日期（主要用于批量删除历史数据信息）

01.查找7天以前的数据：find /test -type f -mtime +7

02.查找最近7天的数据：find /test -type f -mtime -7

03.查找距今第7天数据：find /test -type f -mtime 7

/usr/share/xml/fontconfig/fonts.dtd
/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_15924.xml
/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_3166.xml
/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_3166_2.xml
/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_4217.xml
/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_639.xml
/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_639_3.xml
/usr/share/xml/scrollkeeper/dtds/scrollkeeper-omf.dtd
/usr/share/xml/libglade/glade-2.0.dtd
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/20-unhint-small-dejavu-sans.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/57-dejavu-sans.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-autohint.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-full.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-medium.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-none.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-hinting-slight.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-no-sub-pixel.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-scale-bitmap-fonts.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-bgr.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-rgb.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-vbgr.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-sub-pixel-vrgb.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/10-unhinted.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-default.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-legacy.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/11-lcdfilter-light.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/20-unhint-small-vera.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/25-unhint-nonlatin.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/30-metric-aliases.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/30-urw-aliases.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/40-nonlatin.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/45-generic.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/45-latin.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/49-sansserif.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/50-user.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/51-local.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/60-generic.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/60-latin.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/65-fonts-persian.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/65-khmer.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/65-nonlatin.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/69-unifont.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/70-no-bitmaps.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/70-yes-bitmaps.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/80-delicious.conf
/usr/share/fontconfig/conf.avail/90-synthetic.conf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans-ExtraLight.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed-Bold.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed-BoldOblique.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed-Oblique.ttf
/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSansCondensed.ttf
/usr/share/enchant/enchant.ordering
/usr/share/help/rarian.document
/usr/share/librarian/Templates/C/scrollkeeper_cl.xml
/usr/share/librarian/manual/help-spec-0.2.xml
/usr/share/librarian/manual/index.xhtml
/usr/share/librarian/manual/rar-lib.xhtml
/usr/share/librarian/manual/rar-mdf.xhtml
/usr/share/librarian/manual/rar-skcompat.xhtml
/usr/share/librarian/rarian-sk-cl.xml
/usr/share/libthai/thbrk.tri
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_cli.py
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_gui.py
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_tui.py
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/pixmaps/system-config-keyboard.png
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/system-config-keyboard.py
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_cli.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_cli.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_gui.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_gui.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_tui.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/keyboard_tui.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/system-config-keyboard.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-keyboard/system-config-keyboard.pyo
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/js/highlight.pack.js
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/color.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/domains/yelp-xsl.xml
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/domains/yelp.xml
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/html.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-advanced.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-bug.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-important.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-note.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-package.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-tip.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons/yelp-note-warning.svg
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/icons.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/l10n-numbers.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/l10n.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/ttml.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/common/utils.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/common/db-chunk.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/common/db-common.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/common/db-profile.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/common/db-selectors.mod
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/common/db-title.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/common/db-xref.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-bibliography.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-block.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-callout.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-classsynopsis.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-cmdsynopsis.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-css.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-division.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-ebnf.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-footnote.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-funcsynopsis.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-index.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-inline.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-links.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-list.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-math.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-media.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-refentry.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-suppressed.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-table.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html-xref.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2html.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/docbook/html/db2xhtml.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/cache/mal-cache.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/common/mal-gloss.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/common/mal-if.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/common/mal-link.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/common/mal-sort.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-api.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-block.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-gloss.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-inline.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-links.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-list.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-math.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-media.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-page.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-svg.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-table.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html-ui.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2html.xsl
/usr/share/yelp-xsl/xslt/mallard/html/mal2xhtml.xsl
/usr/share/thumbnailers/gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer.thumbnailer
/usr/share/thumbnailers/librsvg.thumbnailer
/usr/share/defaults/at-spi2/accessibility.conf
/usr/share/appdata/gstreamer-base.appdata.xml
/usr/share/appdata/gstreamer-bad-free.appdata.xml
/usr/share/gstreamer-1.0/presets/GstFreeverb.prs
/usr/share/pygtk/2.0/defs/canvas.defs
/usr/share/usermode/usermode.ui
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_detailsDialog.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_errors.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_install.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_progress.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/lang_dict.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_backend.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_gui.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_tui.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/locale-list
/usr/share/system-config-language/system-config-language
/usr/share/system-config-language/system-config-language.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/tui_install.py
/usr/share/system-config-language/yumhelpers.glade
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_detailsDialog.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_detailsDialog.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_errors.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_errors.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_install.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_install.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_progress.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/gui_progress.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/lang_dict.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/lang_dict.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_backend.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_backend.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_gui.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_gui.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_tui.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/language_tui.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/system-config-language.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/system-config-language.pyo
/usr/share/system-config-language/tui_install.pyc
/usr/share/system-config-language/tui_install.pyo
/usr/share/metainfo/yelp.appdata.xml
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/catalog
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/docbookx.dtd
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isoamsa.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isoamsb.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isoamsc.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isoamsn.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isoamso.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isoamsr.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isobox.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isocyr1.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isocyr2.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isodia.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isogrk1.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isogrk2.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isogrk3.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isogrk4.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isolat1.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isolat2.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isonum.ent
/usr/share/yelp/dtd/isopub.ent
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/usr/share/syslinux/gpxecmd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinuxk.0
/usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/host.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu64.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifplop.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/int18.com
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/ver.com
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isolinux-debug.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/kbdmap.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/linux.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ls.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/lua.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/mboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/memdisk
/usr/share/syslinux/memdump.com
/usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pcitest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pmload.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/poweroff.com
/usr/share/syslinux/pwd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pxechain.com
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/reboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/rosh.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sanboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sdi.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sysdump.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.com
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.exe
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux64.exe
/usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/vpdtest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/whichsys.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/zzjson.c32
/usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig-64.h
/usr/libexec/getconf/POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64
/usr/libexec/getconf/POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64
/usr/libexec/getconf/XBS5_LP64_OFF64
/usr/libexec/grepconf.sh
/usr/libexec/awk/grcat
/usr/libexec/awk/pwcat
/usr/libexec/coreutils/libstdbuf.so
/usr/libexec/openldap/create-certdb.sh
/usr/libexec/utempter/utempter
/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
/usr/libexec/openssh/ctr-cavstest
/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-pkcs11-helper
/usr/libexec/virt-what-cpuid-helper
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/auditd/condrestart
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/auditd/restart
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/auditd/resume
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/auditd/rotate
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/auditd/stop
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/configtest
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/graceful
/usr/libexec/initscripts/brandbot
/usr/libexec/linux-boot-probes/50mounted-tests
/usr/libexec/linux-boot-probes/mounted/40grub
/usr/libexec/linux-boot-probes/mounted/40grub2
/usr/libexec/linux-boot-probes/mounted/50lilo
/usr/libexec/linux-boot-probes/mounted/90fallback
/usr/libexec/newns
/usr/libexec/os-probes/50mounted-tests
/usr/libexec/os-probes/init/10filesystems
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/05efi
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/05efi.factor-out-logger-efi-fix
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/10freedos
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/10qnx
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/20macosx
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/20microsoft
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/30utility
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/40lsb
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/70hurd
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/80minix
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/83haiku
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/90linux-distro
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/90solaris
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/efi/10elilo
/usr/libexec/os-probes/mounted/efi/20microsoft
/usr/libexec/glib-pacrunner
/usr/libexec/ebtables
/usr/libexec/gnupg-pcsc-wrapper
/usr/libexec/gpg-check-pattern
/usr/libexec/gpg-preset-passphrase
/usr/libexec/gpg-protect-tool
/usr/libexec/gpg2keys_curl
/usr/libexec/gpg2keys_finger
/usr/libexec/gpg2keys_hkp
/usr/libexec/gpg2keys_ldap
/usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-generate-initrd
/usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-populate-initrd
/usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-update-initrd
/usr/libexec/nm-avahi-autoipd.action
/usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper
/usr/libexec/nm-dispatcher
/usr/libexec/nm-iface-helper
/usr/libexec/man-db/globbing
/usr/libexec/man-db/manconv
/usr/libexec/mlx4-setup.sh
/usr/libexec/rdma-fixup-mtrr.awk
/usr/libexec/rdma-init-kernel
/usr/libexec/rdma-set-sriov-vf
/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb
/usr/libexec/postfix/anvil
/usr/libexec/postfix/bounce
/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update
/usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup
/usr/libexec/postfix/discard
/usr/libexec/postfix/dnsblog
/usr/libexec/postfix/error
/usr/libexec/postfix/flush
/usr/libexec/postfix/local
/usr/libexec/postfix/main.cf
/usr/libexec/postfix/master
/usr/libexec/postfix/master.cf
/usr/libexec/postfix/oqmgr
/usr/libexec/postfix/pickup
/usr/libexec/postfix/pipe
/usr/libexec/postfix/post-install
/usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-files
/usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-script
/usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-wrapper
/usr/libexec/postfix/postmulti-script
/usr/libexec/postfix/postscreen
/usr/libexec/postfix/proxymap
/usr/libexec/postfix/qmqpd
/usr/libexec/postfix/scache
/usr/libexec/postfix/showq
/usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd
/usr/libexec/postfix/spawn
/usr/libexec/postfix/tlsmgr
/usr/libexec/postfix/tlsproxy
/usr/libexec/postfix/trivial-rewrite
/usr/libexec/postfix/verify
/usr/libexec/postfix/virtual
/usr/libexec/postfix/lmtp
/usr/libexec/postfix/smtp
/usr/libexec/postfix/nqmgr
/usr/libexec/postfix/qmgr
/usr/libexec/sesh
/usr/libexec/sudo_noexec.so
/usr/libexec/sudoers.so
/usr/libexec/dbus-1/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/usr/libexec/gstreamer-1.0/gst-plugin-scanner
/usr/libexec/gstreamer-1.0/gst-ptp-helper
/usr/libexec/dconf-service
/usr/libexec/geoclue
/usr/libexec/at-spi-bus-launcher
/usr/libexec/at-spi2-registryd
/usr/libexec/webkit2gtk-4.0/MiniBrowser
/usr/libexec/webkit2gtk-4.0/WebKitNetworkProcess
/usr/libexec/webkit2gtk-4.0/WebKitPluginProcess
/usr/libexec/webkit2gtk-4.0/WebKitWebProcess
/usr/libexec/webkit2gtk-4.0/jsc
/home/wang/.bash_logout
/home/wang/.bash_profile
/home/wang/.bashrc
/home/wang/.bash_history
/home/it101/.bash_logout
/home/it101/.bash_profile
/home/it101/.bashrc
/home/it1/.bash_logout
/home/it1/.bash_profile
/home/it1/.bashrc
/home/it2/.bash_logout
/home/it2/.bash_profile
/home/it2/.bashrc
/home/it3/.bash_logout
/home/it3/.bash_profile
/home/it3/.bashrc
/home/it4/.bash_logout
/home/it4/.bash_profile
/home/it4/.bashrc
/home/it5/.bash_logout
/home/it5/.bash_profile
/home/it5/.bashrc
/home/it6/.bash_logout
/home/it6/.bash_profile
/home/it6/.bashrc
/home/it7/.bash_logout
/home/it7/.bash_profile
/home/it7/.bashrc
/home/it8/.bash_logout
/home/it8/.bash_profile
/home/it8/.bashrc
/home/it9/.bash_logout
/home/it9/.bash_profile
/home/it9/.bashrc
/home/it10/.bash_logout
/home/it10/.bash_profile
/home/it10/.bashrc
/home/it11/.bash_logout
/home/it11/.bash_profile
/home/it11/.bashrc
/home/it12/.bash_logout
/home/it12/.bash_profile
/home/it12/.bashrc
/home/it13/.bash_logout
/home/it13/.bash_profile
/home/it13/.bashrc
/home/it14/.bash_logout
/home/it14/.bash_profile
/home/it14/.bashrc
/home/it15/.bash_logout
/home/it15/.bash_profile
/home/it15/.bashrc
/home/it16/.bash_logout
/home/it16/.bash_profile
/home/it16/.bashrc
/home/it17/.bash_logout
/home/it17/.bash_profile
/home/it17/.bashrc
/home/it18/.bash_logout
/home/it18/.bash_profile
/home/it18/.bashrc
/home/it19/.bash_logout
/home/it19/.bash_profile
/home/it19/.bashrc
/home/it20/.bash_logout
/home/it20/.bash_profile
/home/it20/.bashrc
/home/it21/.bash_logout
/home/it21/.bash_profile
/home/it21/.bashrc
/home/it22/.bash_logout
/home/it22/.bash_profile
/home/it22/.bashrc
/home/it23/.bash_logout
/home/it23/.bash_profile
/home/it23/.bashrc
/home/it24/.bash_logout
/home/it24/.bash_profile
/home/it24/.bashrc
/home/it25/.bash_logout
/home/it25/.bash_profile
/home/it25/.bashrc
/home/it26/.bash_logout
/home/it26/.bash_profile
/home/it26/.bashrc
/home/it27/.bash_logout
/home/it27/.bash_profile
/home/it27/.bashrc
/home/it28/.bash_logout
/home/it28/.bash_profile
/home/it28/.bashrc
/home/it29/.bash_logout
/home/it29/.bash_profile
/home/it29/.bashrc
/home/it30/.bash_logout
/home/it30/.bash_profile
/home/it30/.bashrc
/home/it31/.bash_logout
/home/it31/.bash_profile
/home/it31/.bashrc
/home/it32/.bash_logout
/home/it32/.bash_profile
/home/it32/.bashrc
/home/it33/.bash_logout
/home/it33/.bash_profile
/home/it33/.bashrc
/home/it34/.bash_logout
/home/it34/.bash_profile
/home/it34/.bashrc
/home/it35/.bash_logout
/home/it35/.bash_profile
/home/it35/.bashrc
/home/it36/.bash_logout
/home/it36/.bash_profile
/home/it36/.bashrc
/home/it37/.bash_logout
/home/it37/.bash_profile
/home/it37/.bashrc
/home/it38/.bash_logout
/home/it38/.bash_profile
/home/it38/.bashrc
/home/it39/.bash_logout
/home/it39/.bash_profile
/home/it39/.bashrc
/home/it40/.bash_logout
/home/it40/.bash_profile
/home/it40/.bashrc
/home/it41/.bash_logout
/home/it41/.bash_profile
/home/it41/.bashrc
/home/it42/.bash_logout
/home/it42/.bash_profile
/home/it42/.bashrc
/home/it43/.bash_logout
/home/it43/.bash_profile
/home/it43/.bashrc
/home/it44/.bash_logout
/home/it44/.bash_profile
/home/it44/.bashrc
/home/it45/.bash_logout
/home/it45/.bash_profile
/home/it45/.bashrc
/home/it46/.bash_logout
/home/it46/.bash_profile
/home/it46/.bashrc
/home/it47/.bash_logout
/home/it47/.bash_profile
/home/it47/.bashrc
/home/it48/.bash_logout
/home/it48/.bash_profile
/home/it48/.bashrc
/home/it49/.bash_logout
/home/it49/.bash_profile
/home/it49/.bashrc
/home/it50/.bash_logout
/home/it50/.bash_profile
/home/it50/.bashrc
/home/it51/.bash_logout
/home/it51/.bash_profile
/home/it51/.bashrc
/home/it52/.bash_logout
/home/it52/.bash_profile
/home/it52/.bashrc
/home/it53/.bash_logout
/home/it53/.bash_profile
/home/it53/.bashrc
/home/it54/.bash_logout
/home/it54/.bash_profile
/home/it54/.bashrc
/home/it55/.bash_logout
/home/it55/.bash_profile
/home/it55/.bashrc
/home/it56/.bash_logout
/home/it56/.bash_profile
/home/it56/.bashrc
/home/it57/.bash_logout
/home/it57/.bash_profile
/home/it57/.bashrc
/home/it58/.bash_logout
/home/it58/.bash_profile
/home/it58/.bashrc
/home/it59/.bash_logout
/home/it59/.bash_profile
/home/it59/.bashrc
/home/it60/.bash_logout
/home/it60/.bash_profile
/home/it60/.bashrc
/home/it61/.bash_logout
/home/it61/.bash_profile
/home/it61/.bashrc
/home/it62/.bash_logout
/home/it62/.bash_profile
/home/it62/.bashrc
/home/it63/.bash_logout
/home/it63/.bash_profile
/home/it63/.bashrc
/home/it64/.bash_logout
/home/it64/.bash_profile
/home/it64/.bashrc
/home/it65/.bash_logout
/home/it65/.bash_profile
/home/it65/.bashrc
/home/it66/.bash_logout
/home/it66/.bash_profile
/home/it66/.bashrc
/home/it67/.bash_logout
/home/it67/.bash_profile
/home/it67/.bashrc
/home/it68/.bash_logout
/home/it68/.bash_profile
/home/it68/.bashrc
/home/it69/.bash_logout
/home/it69/.bash_profile
/home/it69/.bashrc
/home/it70/.bash_logout
/home/it70/.bash_profile
/home/it70/.bashrc
/home/it71/.bash_logout
/home/it71/.bash_profile
/home/it71/.bashrc
/home/it72/.bash_logout
/home/it72/.bash_profile
/home/it72/.bashrc
/home/it73/.bash_logout
/home/it73/.bash_profile
/home/it73/.bashrc
/home/it74/.bash_logout
/home/it74/.bash_profile
/home/it74/.bashrc
/home/it75/.bash_logout
/home/it75/.bash_profile
/home/it75/.bashrc
/home/it76/.bash_logout
/home/it76/.bash_profile
/home/it76/.bashrc
/home/it77/.bash_logout
/home/it77/.bash_profile
/home/it77/.bashrc
/home/it78/.bash_logout
/home/it78/.bash_profile
/home/it78/.bashrc
/home/it79/.bash_logout
/home/it79/.bash_profile
/home/it79/.bashrc
/home/it80/.bash_logout
/home/it80/.bash_profile
/home/it80/.bashrc
/home/it81/.bash_logout
/home/it81/.bash_profile
/home/it81/.bashrc
/home/it82/.bash_logout
/home/it82/.bash_profile
/home/it82/.bashrc
/home/it83/.bash_logout
/home/it83/.bash_profile
/home/it83/.bashrc
/home/it84/.bash_logout
/home/it84/.bash_profile
/home/it84/.bashrc
/home/it85/.bash_logout
/home/it85/.bash_profile
/home/it85/.bashrc
/home/it86/.bash_logout
/home/it86/.bash_profile
/home/it86/.bashrc
/home/it87/.bash_logout
/home/it87/.bash_profile
/home/it87/.bashrc
/home/it88/.bash_logout
/home/it88/.bash_profile
/home/it88/.bashrc
/home/it89/.bash_logout
/home/it89/.bash_profile
/home/it89/.bashrc
/home/it90/.bash_logout
/home/it90/.bash_profile
/home/it90/.bashrc
/home/it91/.bash_logout
/home/it91/.bash_profile
/home/it91/.bashrc
/home/it92/.bash_logout
/home/it92/.bash_profile
/home/it92/.bashrc
/home/it93/.bash_logout
/home/it93/.bash_profile
/home/it93/.bashrc
/home/it94/.bash_logout
/home/it94/.bash_profile
/home/it94/.bashrc
/home/it95/.bash_logout
/home/it95/.bash_profile
/home/it95/.bashrc
/home/it96/.bash_logout
/home/it96/.bash_profile
/home/it96/.bashrc
/home/it97/.bash_logout
/home/it97/.bash_profile
/home/it97/.bashrc
/home/it98/.bash_logout
/home/it98/.bash_profile
/home/it98/.bashrc
/home/it99/.bash_logout
/home/it99/.bash_profile
/home/it99/.bashrc
/home/it100/.bash_logout
/home/it100/.bash_profile
/home/it100/.bashrc
/home/oldboy01/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy01/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy01/.bashrc
/home/oldboy02/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy02/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy02/.bashrc
/home/oldboy03/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy03/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy03/.bashrc
/home/oldboy04/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy04/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy04/.bashrc
/home/oldboy05/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy05/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy05/.bashrc
/home/oldboy06/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy06/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy06/.bashrc
/home/oldboy07/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy07/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy07/.bashrc
/home/oldboy08/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy08/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy08/.bashrc
/home/oldboy09/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy09/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy09/.bashrc
/home/oldboy10/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy10/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy10/.bashrc
/home/mailuser/.bash_logout
/home/mailuser/.bash_profile
/home/mailuser/.bashrc
/home/oldboy/.bash_logout
/home/oldboy/.bash_profile
/home/oldboy/.bashrc
/.autorelabel
[root@master ~]# find /etc -type f -mtime -7
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/tuned/active_profile
/etc/motd
/etc/1.sh
/etc/inittab
/etc/group
/etc/gshadow
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/motdy
/etc/passwd
/etc/profile
/etc/shadow
/etc/ld.so.cache
/etc/xml/catalog
/etc/selinux/confiog
/etc/selinux/config
/etc/selinux/test.txt
/etc/dconf/db/site
/etc/dconf/db/local
/etc/dconf/db/distro
/etc/passwd-
/etc/shadow-
/etc/group-
/etc/gshadow-
/etc/hostname
[root@master ~]# find /boot -type f -mtime 7


三、正则符号

作用说明：查找文件内容信息

 

使用场景：三剑客命令常用/各种语言经常使用

 

（一）正则符号作用说明

方便匹配找出文件中的内容信息

 

（二）正则表达符号分类

1.基础正则表达式（basic regular expression）

^ $ . * [] [^]

 

2.扩展正则表达式（extended regular expression）

| + () {} ?

（三）正则符号注意事项

①. 按照每行信息进行过滤处理

②. 注意正则表达符号禁止中文

③. 附上颜色信息进行正则过滤

  --color=auto/--color

（四）基础正则符号说明

01.尖角符号：＾

	表示以什么字符开头的一行信息

02.美元符号：＄

	表示以什么字符结尾的一行信息

03.空行符号：^$

	表示过滤空行信息

04.点号符号：．

	表示匹配任意一个且只有一个字符

	grep -o "." test.txt

	-o：表示显示grep命令执行过程

grep -o "." test.txt

h
i
t
8
9
:
x
:
1
0
9
0
:
1
0
9
0
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
8
9
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
0
:
x
:
1
0
9
1
:
1
0
9
1
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
0
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
1
:
x
:
1
0
9
2
:
1
0
9
2
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
1
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
2
:
x
:
1
0
9
3
:
1
0
9
3
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
2
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
3
:
x
:
1
0
9
4
:
1
0
9
4
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
3
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
4
:
x
:
1
0
9
5
:
1
0
9
5
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
4
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
5
:
x
:
1
0
9
6
:
1
0
9
6
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
5
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
i
t
9
6
:
x
:
1
0
9
7
:
1
0
9
7
:
:
/
h
o
m
e
/
i
t
9
6
:
/
b
i
n
/
b
a
s
h
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05.星号符号：＊

	表示前一个字符出现0次或者多次

06.点星符号：.*

	表示匹配文件中所有信息（包含空行）

	^.*xxx

		表示以任意字符开头xxx结尾（贪婪匹配）

	^xxx.*xxx$

		表示以xxx开头，xxx结尾的所有行

07.转移符号：＼

	表示还原字符的本来意思

		'\.$'

			表示查询出以点结尾的行信息

		tr 源信息 替换后信息  <文件信息

			表示对数据信息进行替换处理，采用一对一替换（sed命令的阉割版）

	转移符号的常见用法汇总

		＼ｎ

			表示匹配一个换行符号

		＼ｒ

			表示匹配一个换行符号

		＼ｔ

			表示匹配一个制表符号

08.括号符号：[ ]

	表示包含括号中信息的

		[abc]

			表示匹配包含a或b或c信息的字符

		^[abc]

			表示匹配包含a或b或c信息的字符开头的信息

		[a-zA-Z0-9]

			找出所有以小写字母大写字母和数字信息的字符

		[a-Z]

			找出所有以小写字母或大写字母组成字符（只能grep/egrep使用）

		^[a-z].*[.!]$

			表示以小写字母开头并且以点或叹号结尾的信息过滤出来

（五）扩展正则符号说明

01.加号符号：＋

	表示前一个字符连续出现了1次或多次以上

		egrep "0+" file

			表示取出数字0字符，以及连续的多个数字0字符

		egrep "[a-z]+" file

			表示取出文件中的所有连续的小写字母（其实是取出单词信息）

	补充总结说明

	一般加号符号经常是与中括号使用，可以匹配出多个不同的连续字符

 

02.竖线符号：|

	表示匹配多个满足条件的信息（或者）

 

03.括号符号：()

	表示匹配一个整体信息

		egrep “oldb(o|e)y" file

			表示过滤指定整体信息

04.括号符号：{}

	表示定义前面字符出现次数

		x{n,m}

			表示前一个字符至少连续出现n次，最多出现m次

		x{n}

			表示前一个字符正好连续出现了n次

		x{n,}

			表示前一个字符至少连续出现n次，最多出现多少次不限

		x{,m}

			表示前一个字符至少连续出现0次，最多出现m次

05.问号符号：?

	表示定义前面字符出现0次或1次

PS：扩展正则符号

默认grep sed 命令不能直接识别

grep  提升自己  egrep/grep -E

sed  提升自己  sed -r

（六）正则符号使用问题

①. 问题：尖角符号和星号符号区别？

	^d和d*

^d: 在正则表达式中，^ 表示行首。因此，^d 会匹配以字符 "d" 开头的字符串。
d: 星号 * 是一个量词，表示前面紧邻的字符可以重复零次或多次。所以 d 会匹配任何包含零个或多个连续 "d" 字符的字符串。


②. 问题：星号符号匹配不存在信息？

	grep ''

在某些上下文中，使用空字符串作为 grep 的搜索模式时，并不会特意去匹配不存在的信息。例如，grep '' 将查找包含空行或者空白字符（如制表符、换行符）的行。而直接用星号 * 不太常见，因为通常它需要与一个字符结合使用才有意义，比如 grep '.*' 可以匹配任意内容的行。

如果你是在问能否通过星号来匹配文件中不含有特定字符的情况，那么答案是不能直接这样做。但可以通过否定性匹配，例如在 grep 中使用 -v 参数和具体模式实现反向匹配。


③. 问题：过滤时是否使用引号区别？

	egrep [ab]{1,} oldboy.txt

在 shell 命令行中使用 egrep 或 grep -E（扩展正则表达式模式）时，引号主要用于保护特殊字符，防止它们被 shell 解释


（七）正则符号特性说明

①. 正则表达符号具有贪婪特性

②扩展正则转换 基础正则方法.

	grep 'go\+d'

五、grep（过滤筛选信息）

grep参数介绍

-A  after  在什么后面

-B  before  在什么前面

-C  centre  在什么中间

-c  统计信息出现的次数

 

grep命令如何进行过滤

1.筛选出有test的信息

grep "test" test.txt   --从test.txt文件中筛选出有test的信息

[root@master ~]# grep "test" test.txt
atest
test
gnsdgkhsgtest
test
testdklfgjslajfhhtest
testdkfkashf
test
test
sdjfsksdjfkashjhtest


2.筛选出有test的信息，但要有test信息的上一行信息也显示

grep -B 1 "test" test.txt

 



3.筛选出有test的信息，但要有test信息的下一行信息也显示

grep -A 1 "test" test.txt

 

4.筛选出有test的信息，但要有test信息的上一行和下一行信息也显示

grep -C 1 "test" test.txt

 

5.统计test信息在文件中出现了几次

grep -c 1 "test" test.txt

[root@master ~]# grep -B1 "test" test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
[root@master ~]# grep -B1 "test" test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
[root@master ~]# grep -A1 "test" test.txt
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
[root@master ~]# grep -C1 "test" test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
[root@master ~]# grep -c1 "test" test.txt
3


 

六、sed(修改替换文件内容 擅长对文件中的行进行操作)

1）概念介绍

官方概念：字符流过滤编辑和文本字符流转换工具

 

功能应用说明：

01.处理文本信息

文本文件信息（小文件）

日志文件信息（grep awk分析）

配置文件信息（sed）

 

02.处理文件方式

增加信息

删除信息

修改信息

查找信息

2）sed命令的执行流程

 

 

3）sed命令实际应用

命令语法格式：

标准格式：sed [选项] [sed指令] [文件信息]

举例说明：sed -i.bak 's#test#test01#g' test.txt

sed命令参数信息：

-n  取消默认输出

-r  识别扩展正则

-i  真实编辑文件(将内存中的信息覆盖到磁盘中)	

-e  识别sed命令多个操作指令

sed命令指令信息：

p  print     输出信息

i  insert    插入信息,在指定信息前面插入新的信息

a  append    附加信息,在指定信息后面附加新的信息

d  delete    删除指定信息

s  substitute  替换信息 s###g(全局替换)

c        替换修改指定的一整行信息

指令修饰：g

PS：相同指令信息只能使用一次，想使用多次需要加上分号

 

sed命令学习：

 

sed功能：增加 删除 修改  查看

 

sed 语法 

 

sed  参数  条件  文本

 

 

sed -n /abc/p test

 

工作需求：

 

修改网卡信息：

 

sed -i s/192.168.1.100/192.168.1.101/g /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

 

systemtcl restart network

 

 

sed功能：增加 删除 修改  查看

 

01 查询：

 

显示abc的行：sed -n /abc/p p.txt

显示1-3行信息：sed -n '1,3p' p.txt

[root@master p]# sed -n /abc/p p.txt
abc
abcdkfhaskfhsabc
sdkhgksdhgabc
shfkashabc
abc
abc
abc
rsdfhshfaabc
[root@master p]# sed -n '1,3p' p.txt
abc
abcdkfhaskfhsabc
sdkfhkshf'


02 添加信息

 

i：插入信息 指定在前面插入

 

a：附件信息 ，指定在后面加入信息  如果行尾就用$a

 

需求1：

在文件第一行添加一个old信息

 

sed '2iold' test

[root@master ~]# sed '2iold' test.txt
Line 1
old
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line


需求2：

在文件后面插入old  

 

sed '6aold' test

[root@master ~]# sed '6aold' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
old
Final line


 

笔试题：

01：在第三行后面添加dog

sed '3adog' test

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '3adog' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
dog
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line


02: 在第二行前面添加cat

sed '2icat' test

 

03:dog行的前面添加123 后面添加100

 

sed -e '/dog/i123' -e '/dog/a100' test

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '2icat' test.txt
Line 1
cat
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed -e '/dog/i123' -e '/dog/a100' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line




03：删除

 

需求1： 第3行文件干掉：sed '3d' test

需求2: 删除1-3行：sed '1,3d' test

需求3：删除包含123 行 ：  sed '/123/d' test

删除第一行和第7行

sed '1d;7d' test

删除空行：

sed '/^$/d' test

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '3d' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '1,3d' test.txt
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '/123/d' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '1d;3d' test.txt
Line with test word
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
[root@master ~]# sed '1d;7d' test.txt
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
[root@master ~]# vi test.txt
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...

Final line

fgasg
fgasdgdf

dfgdfg

dfgasdg

fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...

Final line

fgasg
fgasdgdf

dfgdfg

dfgasdg

fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas

[root@master ~]# sed '/^$/d' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
fgasg
fgasdgdf
dfgdfg
dfgasdg
fga
a
g
asg
gagadgadg
agas


 

04 ：修改

 

 

需求1：

替换信息

sed s/123/100/g test

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...

Final line

fgasg
fgasdgdf

dfgdfg

dfgasdg

fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas

[root@master ~]# sed s/d/100/g test.txt
Line 1
Line with test wor100
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...

Final line

fgasg
fgas100g100f

100fg100fg

100fgas100g

fga

a
g
asg

gaga100ga100g

agas






### 工作笔试题：

 

取出ifconfIg ens33命令中本机的IPv4地址  

ip a| grep ens37| grep inet|awk '{print $2}'

ip a| grep ens37| grep inet|awk '{print $2}'|awk -F "/" '{print $1}'

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4c:25:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.164/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
valid_lft 1121sec preferred_lft 1121sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4c:2586/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ip a |grep eno16777736 |grep inet|awk '{print $2}'
10.0.0.164/24
[root@master ~]# ip a |grep eno16777736 |grep inet |awk '{print $2}' | awk -F "/" '{print $1}'
10.0.0.164


把/etc/passwd 复制到/root/passwd，用sed打印所有行

 

cp /etc/passwd /root/passwd

sed  'p'  passwd

[root@master ~]# cp /etc/passwd /root/passwd

[root@master ~]# cd /root/passwd/
[root@master passwd]# ls
passwd
[root@master passwd]# ^C
[root@master passwd]# sed 'p' passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp❌14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
ftp❌14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd❌170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd❌170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
dbus❌81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus❌81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd❌999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd❌999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
tss❌59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
tss❌59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
postfix❌89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
postfix❌89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd❌74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
sshd❌74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
wang❌1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
wang❌1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
systemd-network❌192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network❌192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
it101❌1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it101❌1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it1❌1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it1❌1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it2❌1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it2❌1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it3❌1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it3❌1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it4❌1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it4❌1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it5❌1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it5❌1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it6❌1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it6❌1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it7❌1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it7❌1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it8❌1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it8❌1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it9❌1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it9❌1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it10❌1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it10❌1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it11❌1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it11❌1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it12❌1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it12❌1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it13❌1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it13❌1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it14❌1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it14❌1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it15❌1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it15❌1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it16❌1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it16❌1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it17❌1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it17❌1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it18❌1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it18❌1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it19❌1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it19❌1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it20❌1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it20❌1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it21❌1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it21❌1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it22❌1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it22❌1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it23❌1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it23❌1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it24❌1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it24❌1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it25❌1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it25❌1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it26❌1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it26❌1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it27❌1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it27❌1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it28❌1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it28❌1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it29❌1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it29❌1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it30❌1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it30❌1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it31❌1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it31❌1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it32❌1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it32❌1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it33❌1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it33❌1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it34❌1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it34❌1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it35❌1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it35❌1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it36❌1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it36❌1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it37❌1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it37❌1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it38❌1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it38❌1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it39❌1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it39❌1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it40❌1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it40❌1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it41❌1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it41❌1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it42❌1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it42❌1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it43❌1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it43❌1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it44❌1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it44❌1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it45❌1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it45❌1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it46❌1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it46❌1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it47❌1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it47❌1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it48❌1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it48❌1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it49❌1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it49❌1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it50❌1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it50❌1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it51❌1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it51❌1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it52❌1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it52❌1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it53❌1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it53❌1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it54❌1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it54❌1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it55❌1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it55❌1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it56❌1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it56❌1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it57❌1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it57❌1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it58❌1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it58❌1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it59❌1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it59❌1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it60❌1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it60❌1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it61❌1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it61❌1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it62❌1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it62❌1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it63❌1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it63❌1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it64❌1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it64❌1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it65❌1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it65❌1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it66❌1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it66❌1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it67❌1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it67❌1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it68❌1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it68❌1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it69❌1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it69❌1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it70❌1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it70❌1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it71❌1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it71❌1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it72❌1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it72❌1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it73❌1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it73❌1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it74❌1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it74❌1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it75❌1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it75❌1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it76❌1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it76❌1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it77❌1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it77❌1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it78❌1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it78❌1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it79❌1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it79❌1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it80❌1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it80❌1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it81❌1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it81❌1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it82❌1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it82❌1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it83❌1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it83❌1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it84❌1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it84❌1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it85❌1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it85❌1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it86❌1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it86❌1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it87❌1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it87❌1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it88❌1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it88❌1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it89❌1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it89❌1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it90❌1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it90❌1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it91❌1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it91❌1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it92❌1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it92❌1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it93❌1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it93❌1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it94❌1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it94❌1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it95❌1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it95❌1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it96❌1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it96❌1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it97❌1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it97❌1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it98❌1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it98❌1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it99❌1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it99❌1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it100❌1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
it100❌1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
apache❌48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
apache❌48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
oldboy01❌1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy01❌1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy02❌1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy02❌1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy03❌1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy03❌1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy04❌1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy04❌1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy05❌1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy05❌1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy06❌1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy06❌1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy07❌1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy07❌1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy08❌1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy08❌1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy09❌1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy09❌1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy10❌1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
oldboy10❌1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
mailuser❌1112:1113::/home/mailuser:/bin/bash
mailuser❌1112:1113::/home/mailuser:/bin/bash
oldboy❌1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
oldboy❌1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
dhcpd❌177:177:DHCP server:/:/sbin/nologin
dhcpd❌177:177:DHCP server:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue❌998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
geoclue❌998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin




打印passwd 的3到10行

sed -n 3,10p passwd

打印passwd中包含 ‘root’ 的行

sed -n '/root/p' passwd

[root@master passwd]# sed -n '/root/p' passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin






删除passwd 的15行以及以后所有行

sed '15,$d' passwd

[root@master passwd]# sed -n 3,10p passwd
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@master passwd]# sed -n '/root/p' passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@master passwd]# sed '15,$d' passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp❌14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd❌170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin




删除passwd中包含 ‘bash’ 的行

 

sed '/bash/d'  passwd

[root@master passwd]# sed '/bash/d' passwd
bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp❌14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd❌170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
dbus❌81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd❌999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
tss❌59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
postfix❌89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd❌74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network❌192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
apache❌48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
dhcpd❌177:177:DHCP server:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue❌998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin


 

替换passwd 中 ‘root’ 为 ‘ha’

cat passwd | grep root|sed s/root/ha/g

[root@master passwd]# cat passwd | grep root |sed s/root/ha/g
ha❌0:0:ha:/ha:/bin/bash
operator❌11:0:operator:/ha:/sbin/nologin






替换passwd 中 ‘/sbin/nologin’ 为 ‘/sbin/nologin’

 sed -i  s#/sbin/nologin#/bin/login#g passwd

[root@master passwd]# sed -i s#/sbin/nologin#/bin/login#g passwd
[root@master passwd]# cat passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin❌1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/login
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/login
adm❌3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/login
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/login
sync❌5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt❌7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/login
operator❌11:0:operator:/root:/bin/login
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/bin/login
ftp❌14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/bin/login
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/bin/login
avahi-autoipd❌170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/login
dbus❌81:81:System message bus:/:/bin/login
polkitd❌999:998:User for polkitd:/:/bin/login
tss❌59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/bin/login
postfix❌89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/login
sshd❌74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/bin/login
wang❌1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
systemd-network❌192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/login
it101❌1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it1❌1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it2❌1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it3❌1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it4❌1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it5❌1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it6❌1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it7❌1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it8❌1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it9❌1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it10❌1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it11❌1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it12❌1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it13❌1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it14❌1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it15❌1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it16❌1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it17❌1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it18❌1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it19❌1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it20❌1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it21❌1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it22❌1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it23❌1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it24❌1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it25❌1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it26❌1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it27❌1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it28❌1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it29❌1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it30❌1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it31❌1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it32❌1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it33❌1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it34❌1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it35❌1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it36❌1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it37❌1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it38❌1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it39❌1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it40❌1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it41❌1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it42❌1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it43❌1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it44❌1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it45❌1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it46❌1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it47❌1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it48❌1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it49❌1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it50❌1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it51❌1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it52❌1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it53❌1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it54❌1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it55❌1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it56❌1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it57❌1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it58❌1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it59❌1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it60❌1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it61❌1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it62❌1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it63❌1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it64❌1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it65❌1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it66❌1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it67❌1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it68❌1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it69❌1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it70❌1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it71❌1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it72❌1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it73❌1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it74❌1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it75❌1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it76❌1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it77❌1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it78❌1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it79❌1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it80❌1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it81❌1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it82❌1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it83❌1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it84❌1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it85❌1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it86❌1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it87❌1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it88❌1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it89❌1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it90❌1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it91❌1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it92❌1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it93❌1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it94❌1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it95❌1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it96❌1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it97❌1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it98❌1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it99❌1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it100❌1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
apache❌48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/bin/login
oldboy01❌1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy02❌1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy03❌1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy04❌1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy05❌1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy06❌1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy07❌1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy08❌1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy09❌1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy10❌1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
mailuser❌1112:1113::/home/mailuser:/bin/bash
oldboy❌1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
dhcpd❌177:177:DHCP server:/:/bin/login
geoclue❌998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/bin/login




打印/etc/passwd的奇数行？ 

sed 'n;d' /etc/passwd

[root@master passwd]# sed 'n;d' /etc/passwd
root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus❌81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
tss❌59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
sshd❌74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network❌192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
it1❌1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it3❌1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it5❌1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it7❌1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it9❌1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it11❌1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it13❌1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it15❌1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it17❌1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it19❌1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it21❌1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it23❌1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it25❌1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it27❌1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it29❌1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it31❌1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it33❌1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it35❌1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it37❌1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it39❌1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it41❌1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it43❌1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it45❌1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it47❌1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it49❌1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it51❌1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it53❌1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it55❌1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it57❌1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it59❌1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it61❌1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it63❌1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it65❌1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it67❌1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it69❌1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it71❌1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it73❌1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it75❌1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it77❌1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it79❌1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it81❌1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it83❌1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it85❌1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it87❌1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it89❌1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it91❌1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it93❌1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it95❌1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it97❌1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it99❌1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
apache❌48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
oldboy02❌1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy04❌1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy06❌1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy08❌1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy10❌1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
oldboy❌1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
geoclue❌998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin


 打印偶数行

 sed 'n; d' /etc/passwd

[root@master passwd]# sed 'n; d' /etc/passwd

root❌0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon❌2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
lp❌4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
shutdown❌6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
mail❌8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
games❌12💯games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
nobody❌99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus❌81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
tss❌59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
sshd❌74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network❌192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
it1❌1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it3❌1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it5❌1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it7❌1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it9❌1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it11❌1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it13❌1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it15❌1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it17❌1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it19❌1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it21❌1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it23❌1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it25❌1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it27❌1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it29❌1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it31❌1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it33❌1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it35❌1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it37❌1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it39❌1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it41❌1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it43❌1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it45❌1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it47❌1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it49❌1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it51❌1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it53❌1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it55❌1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it57❌1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it59❌1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it61❌1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it63❌1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it65❌1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it67❌1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it69❌1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it71❌1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it73❌1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it75❌1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it77❌1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it79❌1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it81❌1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it83❌1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it85❌1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it87❌1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it89❌1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it91❌1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it93❌1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it95❌1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it97❌1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it99❌1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
apache❌48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
oldboy02❌1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy04❌1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy06❌1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy08❌1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy10❌1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
oldboy❌1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
geoclue❌998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin


 

把/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf?件内的Linsten 80改为Listen 8081  sed 完成

 

 sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8081/g'  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

 

```sh
sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8081/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

1.sed查询信息

#01.根据文件内容的行号查询

sed -n '3p' person.txt --显示单行信息

sed -n '1,3p' person.txt --显示1-3行信息（连续）

sed -n '1p;3p' person.txt --显示第1、第3共两行（不连续）

[root@master ~]# sed -n '1,3p' person.txt 
sdjfs
sdjkfhsjkd
dhfsdfsdfasfsdfsdddddddd
[root@master ~]# sed -n '3p' person.txt 
dhfsdfsdfasfsdfsdddddddd
[root@master ~]# sed -n '1,3p' person.txt 
sdjfs
sdjkfhsjkd
dhfsdfsdfasfsdfsdddddddd
[root@master ~]# sed -n '1p,3p' person.txt

#02.根据内容信息输出单行内容

sed -n '/test/p' person.txt --将含有test的行显示出来

sed -n '/test/,/Alex/p' person.txt --显示包含test到Alex行之间的所有行信息（连续）

sed -n '/test/p;/Alex/p' person.txt --只显示包含test、Alex的行

[root@master ~]# sed -n '/test/p' person.txt 
stestfjkhskh


[root@master ~]# sed -n '/test/,/Alex/p' person.txt 
stestfjkhskh
test

test

sdfsd

Alex



se



[root@master ~]# sed -n '/test/p;/Alex/p' person.txt 
Alex
stestfjkhskh
test
test
Alex

2.sed命令增加信息（i:行前、a：行后）

sed '1iHelloworld' test.txt --在文件最前面增加一行Helloworld

sed '$abaibai' test.txt --在文件最后面增加一行baibai

sed '3afour' test.txt --在第三行后面增加一行four

sed '2itwo' test.txt --在第二行前面增加一行two

sed -e '/test/iqian' -e '/test/ahou' test.txt --在包含test行的前天增加一行qian，后面增加一行hou

sed '$a100\n101' test.txt --增加多行信息

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '1iHelloworld' test.txt
Helloworld
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '$abaibai' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


baibai
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '3itwo' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
two
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '3afour' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
four
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '2itwo' test.txt
Line 1
two
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed -e '/test/iqian' -e '/test/ahou' test.txt
Line 1
qian
Line with test word
hou
qian
Line after the first test
hou
Some other lines...
qian
Another line with test
hou
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '$a100\n101' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


100
101

企业中编写配置文件:

IPaddress=10.10.10.1

mask=255.255.255.0

gateway=10.10.10.254

sed '$aIPaddress=10.10.10.1\nmask=255.255.255.0\ngateway=10.10.10.254' 文件名称

3.sed命令删除信息

sed '3d' test.txt --删除第3行（单行）

sed '2,6d' test.txt --删除第2-6行（连续行）

sed '3d;6d' test.txt --删除第3行和第6行

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '3d' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '2,6d' test.txt
Line 1



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '3d;6d' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Some other lines...
Another line with test



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas

如何利用sed命令取消空行显示？

sed -n '/./p' test.txt

sed '/^$/d' test.txt

sed -n '/^$/!p' test.txt

[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed -n '/./p' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
fgasg
fgasdgdf
dfgdfg
dfgasdg
fga
a
g
asg
gagadgadg
agas
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas


[root@master ~]# sed '/^$/d' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
fgasg
fgasdgdf
dfgdfg
dfgasdg
fga
a
g
asg
gagadgadg
agas
[root@master ~]# cat test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...



Final line


fgasg
fgasdgdf



dfgdfg



dfgasdg



fga

a
g
asg

gagadgadg

agas

[root@master ~]# sed -n '/^$/!p' test.txt
Line 1
Line with test word
Line after the first test
Some other lines...
Another line with test
More content here...
Final line
fgasg
fgasdgdf
dfgdfg
dfgasdg
fga
a
g
asg
gagadgadg
agas

4.sed命令修改信息

vim 替换: :%s#one#two#g

sed 's#要修改的内容#修改后的内容#g' test.txt

sed 's#one#two#g'

sed 's/#one/two/g' test.txt

后项引用前项进行替换修改

sed 's#()#\n#g' test.txt

ip a s eth0|sed -rn '3s#^.net(.)/24.*#\1#gp' --取出IP地址

sed -i.bak 's#one#two#g' test.txt --修改文件内容并自动备份

PS：在真实替换文件内容时候,一定不能让n和i参数同时出现

ni和参数同时使用,会将文件内容进行清空

grep 学习

几个特殊符号：

^ :以什么开头

$:以什么结尾

^$:空行

-v ：取反

.：匹配只有一个字符

*：模糊查询

工作常用的参数

-c :匹配输出的行计数

-i :不区分大小写

-n:显示行号

-v:取反

grep 笔试题实战分享

1 使用grep 取 passwd 显示行数

grep -c '' /etc/passwd

[root@master ~]# grep -c '' /etc/passwd
137

2 使用grep 取passwd 显示行号

grep -n ':' /etc/passwd

[root@master ~]# grep -n ':' /etc/passwd
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14:avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
15:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16:polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
18:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
19:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
20:wang:x:1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
21:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
22:it101:x:1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
23:it1:x:1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
24:it2:x:1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
25:it3:x:1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
26:it4:x:1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
27:it5:x:1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
28:it6:x:1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
29:it7:x:1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
30:it8:x:1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
31:it9:x:1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
32:it10:x:1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
33:it11:x:1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
34:it12:x:1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
35:it13:x:1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
36:it14:x:1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
37:it15:x:1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
38:it16:x:1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
39:it17:x:1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
40:it18:x:1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
41:it19:x:1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
42:it20:x:1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
43:it21:x:1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
44:it22:x:1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
45:it23:x:1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
46:it24:x:1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
47:it25:x:1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
48:it26:x:1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
49:it27:x:1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
50:it28:x:1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
51:it29:x:1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
52:it30:x:1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
53:it31:x:1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
54:it32:x:1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
55:it33:x:1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
56:it34:x:1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
57:it35:x:1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
58:it36:x:1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
59:it37:x:1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
60:it38:x:1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
61:it39:x:1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
62:it40:x:1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
63:it41:x:1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
64:it42:x:1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
65:it43:x:1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
66:it44:x:1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
67:it45:x:1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
68:it46:x:1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
69:it47:x:1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
70:it48:x:1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
71:it49:x:1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
72:it50:x:1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
73:it51:x:1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
74:it52:x:1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
75:it53:x:1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
76:it54:x:1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
77:it55:x:1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
78:it56:x:1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
79:it57:x:1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
80:it58:x:1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
81:it59:x:1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
82:it60:x:1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
83:it61:x:1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
84:it62:x:1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
85:it63:x:1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
86:it64:x:1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
87:it65:x:1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
88:it66:x:1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
89:it67:x:1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
90:it68:x:1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
91:it69:x:1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
92:it70:x:1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
93:it71:x:1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
94:it72:x:1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
95:it73:x:1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
96:it74:x:1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
97:it75:x:1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
98:it76:x:1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
99:it77:x:1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
100:it78:x:1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
101:it79:x:1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
102:it80:x:1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
103:it81:x:1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
104:it82:x:1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
105:it83:x:1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
106:it84:x:1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
107:it85:x:1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
108:it86:x:1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
109:it87:x:1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
110:it88:x:1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
111:it89:x:1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
112:it90:x:1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
113:it91:x:1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
114:it92:x:1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
115:it93:x:1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
116:it94:x:1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
117:it95:x:1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
118:it96:x:1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
119:it97:x:1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
120:it98:x:1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
121:it99:x:1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
122:it100:x:1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
123:apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
124:oldboy01:x:1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
125:oldboy02:x:1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
126:oldboy03:x:1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
127:oldboy04:x:1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
128:oldboy05:x:1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
129:oldboy06:x:1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
130:oldboy07:x:1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
131:oldboy08:x:1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
132:oldboy09:x:1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
133:oldboy10:x:1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
134:mailuser:x:1112:1113::/home/mailuser:/bin/bash
135:oldboy:x:1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
136:dhcpd:x:177:177:DHCP server:/:/sbin/nologin
137:geoclue:x:998:996:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

3 统计test信息在文件中出现了几次

grep -o "test" test.txt|grep -c "test"

grep -o "test" test.txt|wc -l

[root@master ~]# grep -o "test" test.txt|grep -c "test"
3

或者
[root@master ~]# grep -o "test" test.txt|wc -l
3

4 显示/etc/inittab中包含了:一个数字:(即两个冒号中间一个数字)的行

grep ':[0-9]:' /etc/inittab

命令 `grep ':[0-9]:' /etc/inittab` 的作用是在 `/etc/inittab` 文件中查找包含形如 `:数字:` 格式的行。具体来说，它会查找任何在冒号后面紧跟着一个或多个数字（范围从 0 到 9），再跟一个冒号的行。

例如，在 `/etc/inittab` 文件中，如果有这样的行：

```
tty1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L tty1 9600 vt100
id:3:initdefault:
```

那么该命令将会匹配到第二行，因为它包含了 `:3:` 这样的格式。

5 显示/etc/passwd中以nologin结尾的行

grep 'nologin$' /etc/passwd

grep 'nologin$' /etc/passwd


$  结尾


^ :以什么开头

$:以什么结尾

 

^$:空行

 

-v ：取反

.：匹配只有一个字符

 

*：模糊查询

6 显示 /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 注释的行取出来

grep -i '^#' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

[root@master ~]# grep -i '^#' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.
#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#
#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other 
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#
#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
# Further relax access to the default document root:
#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
#
# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default.  To use the 
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# directive:
#
#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#
#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.

七、awk（擅长统计分析文件内容擅长对文件中列进行操作）

1）概念介绍

处理文件信息：

1.文本文件信息

2.日志文件信息

3.配置文件信息

处理文件方式:

排除信息
查询信息
统计信息
替换信息

语法格式:

awk [选项] '模式{动作}' [文件信息]

2）awk命令执行过程

3）awk命令的实际应用

awk系统的学习：重点学习

awk核心功能：日志处理数据过滤数据统计取列

awk语法格式：

awk 参数动作文件

实战：

第一种

按照行号查询：

需求1：取第二行

sed -n 2p awk

awk 'NR==2' awk


[root@master ~]# cat awk
   Zhang        Dandan                41117397        :250:100:175
    Zhang        Xiaoyu                390320151        :155:90:201
    Meng        Feixue                80042789        :250:60:50
    Wu        Waiwai                70271111        :250:80:75
    Liu        Bingbing        41117483        :250:100:175
    root        Xiaoai                3515064655        :50:95:135
    Zi        Gege                1986787350        :250:168:200
    root        Youjiu                918391635        :175:75:300
    Lao        Nanhai                918391635        :250:100:175

[root@master ~]# sed -n 2p awk
    Zhang        Xiaoyu                390320151        :155:90:201
[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==2' awk
    Zhang        Xiaoyu                390320151        :155:90:201

需求2：取1-3行信息

awk 'NR1||NR3' awk

sed -n 1,3p awk

a=10 赋值一个变量

a==10 a等于2

[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==1||NR==3' awk
   Zhang        Dandan                41117397        :250:100:175
    Meng        Feixue                80042789        :250:60:50

[root@master ~]# sed -n 1,3p awk
   Zhang        Dandan                41117397        :250:100:175
    Zhang        Xiaoyu                390320151        :155:90:201
    Meng        Feixue                80042789        :250:60:50

企业笔试题：训练

1.用awk 打印整个test.txt (以下操作都是用awk工具实现，针对test.txt)

awk '{print}' redis

[root@master ~]# cat redis
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
[root@master ~]# awk '{print}' redis
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403

2.查找所有包含 ‘bash’ 的行

awk '/bash/' /etc/passwd

root@master ~]# awk '/bash/' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
wang:x:1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
it101:x:1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it1:x:1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it2:x:1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it3:x:1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it4:x:1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it5:x:1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it6:x:1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it7:x:1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it8:x:1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it9:x:1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it10:x:1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it11:x:1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it12:x:1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it13:x:1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it14:x:1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it15:x:1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it16:x:1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it17:x:1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it18:x:1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it19:x:1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it20:x:1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it21:x:1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it22:x:1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it23:x:1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it24:x:1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it25:x:1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it26:x:1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it27:x:1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it28:x:1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it29:x:1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it30:x:1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it31:x:1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it32:x:1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it33:x:1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it34:x:1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it35:x:1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it36:x:1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it37:x:1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it38:x:1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it39:x:1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it40:x:1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it41:x:1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it42:x:1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it43:x:1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it44:x:1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it45:x:1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it46:x:1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it47:x:1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it48:x:1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it49:x:1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it50:x:1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it51:x:1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it52:x:1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it53:x:1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it54:x:1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it55:x:1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it56:x:1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it57:x:1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it58:x:1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it59:x:1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it60:x:1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it61:x:1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it62:x:1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it63:x:1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it64:x:1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it65:x:1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it66:x:1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it67:x:1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it68:x:1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it69:x:1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it70:x:1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it71:x:1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it72:x:1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it73:x:1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it74:x:1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it75:x:1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it76:x:1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it77:x:1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it78:x:1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it79:x:1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it80:x:1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it81:x:1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it82:x:1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it83:x:1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it84:x:1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it85:x:1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it86:x:1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it87:x:1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it88:x:1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it89:x:1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it90:x:1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it91:x:1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it92:x:1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it93:x:1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it94:x:1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it95:x:1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it96:x:1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it97:x:1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it98:x:1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it99:x:1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it100:x:1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
oldboy01:x:1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy02:x:1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy03:x:1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy04:x:1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy05:x:1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy06:x:1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy07:x:1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy08:x:1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy09:x:1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy10:x:1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
mailuser:x:1112:1113::/home/mailuser:/bin/bash
oldboy:x:1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash

3 .用 ‘:’ 作为分隔符，查找第三段等于0的行

awk '$3==0' awk 空格分割

awk -F ":" '$3==0' awk 冒号分割

[root@master ~]# awk -F: '$3==0' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

4.用 ‘:’ 作为分隔符，查找第一段为 ‘root’ 的行，并把该段的 ‘root’ 换成 ‘toor’ (可以连同sed一起使用)

awk -F ：'$1=="root"' awk |sed s/root/toor/g

注意：生产环境当中不要以命令为结尾生成文件否则会出错

[root@master ~]# awk -F: '$1=="root"' /etc/passwd | sed 's/root/toor/g'
toor:x:0:0:toor:/toor:/bin/bash

5.用 ‘:’ 作为分隔符，打印最后一段

cat awk | awk -F ":" '{print $NF}'

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/passwd |awk -F ":" '{print $NF}'
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/bin/sync
/sbin/shutdown
/sbin/halt
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin

笔试题：

取进程号和端口号：写出命令

work 16067 /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403

答案如下：

16067 6403

答案：

cat redis | awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $2,$4}'

[root@master ~]# cat redis
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
[root@master ~]# cat redis | awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $2,$4}'
16067 6403
16067 6403
16067 6403

一、awk的实际操作过程

测试环境：

Zhang Dandan 41117397 :250💯175

Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201

Meng Feixue 80042789 :250:60:50

Wu Waiwai 70271111 :250:80:75

Liu Bingbing 41117483 :250💯175

Wang Xiaoai 3515064655 :50:95:135

Zi Gege 1986787350 :250:168:200

Li Youjiu 918391635 :175:75:300

Lao Nanhai 918391635 :250💯175

1.awk查询信息

#01.按照行号查询

awk 'NR==2' test.txt --显示第2行信息

awk 'NR2,NR4' test.txt --显示第2-4行信息

awk 'NR2;NR4' test.txt --显示第2行和第4行信息

[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300

Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==2' test1.txt

[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==3' test1.txt
Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201
[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==3,NR==6' test1.txt
Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==2;NR==4' test1.txt 


[root@master ~]# awk 'NR==1;NR==5' test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175
Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

PS：在linux中

test=10 --赋值变量信息

test==10 --test等于10

#02.按照字符查询

awk '/one/' test.txt --显示含有字符one的行

awk '/one/,/three/' test.txt --显示含有字符one的行到含有three字符的行之间的所有行

awk '/one/;/three/' test.txt --显示含有字符one的行和含有字符three字符的行


[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk '/one/' test1.txt 
one
one 



[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk '/one/,/three/' test1.txt
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk '/one/;/three/' test1.txt 
one
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj
one 
three dlsfjsdjfjas

显示xiaoyu的姓氏和ID号码

awk '/Xiaoyu/{print $1,$3}' test.txt

[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk '/Xiaoyu/{print $1,$3}' test1.txt 
Zhang 390320151

姓氏是zhang的人,显示他的第二次捐款金额及他的名字

awk '/Zhang/{print $NF}' test.txt|awk -F ":" '{print $3}' -F:指定分隔符

awk -F ":" '/^Zhang/{print $3}' test.txt

awk -F "[ :]+" '/^Zhang/{print $1,$2,$(NF-1)}' test.txt --以空格和冒号为分隔符

[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk '/Zhang/{print $NF}' test1.txt|awk -F ":" '{print $3}' 
100
90





[root@master ~]# awk -F ":" '/^Zhang/{print $3}' test1.txt 
100
90
[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk -F "[ :]" '/^Zhang/{print $1,$2,$(NF-1)}' test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	 250 100
Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	 155 90

#03.显示所有以41开头的ID号码的人的全名和ID号码

awk '$3~/^41/{print $1,$2,$3}' test.txt --找出第三列以41开头的所有行，输出该行的1，2，3列信息

[root@master ~]# cat test1.txt 
Zhang	Dandan		41117397	:250:100:175

Zhang	Xiaoyu		390320151	:155:90:201

Meng	Feixue		80042789	:250:60:50

Wu	  Waiwai		70271111	:250:80:75

Liu	  Bingbing	41117483	:250:100:175

Wang	Xiaoai		3515064655	:50:95:135

Zi	  Gege		1986787350	:250:168:200

Li	  Youjiu		918391635	:175:75:300
one
two
three sdkfs  sdkfsdfjks dsfsdfjsj

sdkfshhsj
fssjks
sfj
one 
sdkfhsk

sdfks
two

three dlsfjsdjfjas
Lao	  Nanhai		918391635	:250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk '$3-/^41/{print $1,$2,$3}' test1.txt 
Zhang Dandan 41117397
Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151
Meng Feixue 80042789
Wu Waiwai 70271111
Liu Bingbing 41117483
Wang Xiaoai 3515064655
Zi Gege 1986787350
Li Youjiu 918391635
Lao Nanhai 918391635

文件中空行进行排除/文件中注释信息进行排除

grep -Ev "^#|$" 文件信息

sed -n '/^#|$/!p' 文件信息

awk '/^#|$/' 文件信息

如何利用awk取出IP地址信息:

第一种：

ifconfig| grep inet| awk NR==2|awk '{print $2}'

第二种：

ifconfig| grep inet| head -1|awk '{print $2}'

第三种：

ifconfig| grep inet|sed -n 1p|awk '{print $2}'

第四种：

ifconfig| grep broadcast|awk '{print $2}'

第5种：hostname -i

第6种：ifconfig -a|grep inet|grep -v 127.0.0.1|grep -v inet6|awk '{print $2}'

[root@master ~]# ip a |awk '/inet / {print $2}'
127.0.0.1/8
10.0.0.164/24

[root@master ~]# ip a |grep -oP '(?<=inet\s)\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}/\d+'
127.0.0.1/8
10.0.0.164/24

[root@master ~]# ip a |sed -nE 's/.*inet ([0-9.]+)/\1/p'
127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
10.0.0.164/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736

[root@master ~]# ip a |grep -o 'inet [0-9.]*' |tr -d 'inet' |cut -d'/' -f1
 127.0.0.1
 10.0.0.164
 
[root@master ~]# ip a |grep -w inet |awk '{print $2}'
127.0.0.1/8
10.0.0.164/24

[root@master ~]# hostname -I
10.0.0.164

二、awk高级功能说明

普通的模式:

正则表达式作为模式

awk '/^oldboy/{print xx}'

利用比较匹配信息

NR==2

NR>=2

NR<=2

NR2,NR10

特殊的模式

01.BEGIN{} 在awk执行命令前做什么事情:

awk 'BEGIN{print "姓","名","QQ号","捐款记录"}{print $0}' test.txt |column -t

姓名 QQ号捐款记录

Zhang Dandan 41117397 :250💯175

Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201

Meng Feixue 80042789 :250:60:50

...

修改内置分隔符变量

awk -F ":" '{print $2}' test.txt

awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"}{print $2}' test.txt

02.END{} 在awk执行命令结束之后做的操作

awk 'BEGIN{print "姓","名","QQ号","捐款记录"}{print $0}END{print "操作结束"}' test.txt |column -t

姓名 QQ号捐款记录

Zhang Dandan 41117397 :250💯175

Zhang Xiaoyu 390320151 :155:90:201

...

操作结束

统计累加运算测试:

统计/etc/services文件中空行数量

利用awk公式进行累加运算

awk '/^$/{i=i+1;print i}' /etc/services

awk '/^$/{i=i+1}END{print i}' /etc/services --输出最终多少行

[root@master ~]# awk '/^$/{i=i+1;print i}' /etc/services 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
[root@master ~]# awk '/^$/{i=i+1}END{print i}' /etc/services 
17

统计/etc/services文件中有井号开头的行

awk '/^#/{i++}END{print i}' /etc/services 如果这样不好记记下面的

grep ^# 也可以这样实现这样比较简单

[root@master ~]# awk '/^#/{i++}END{print i}' /etc/services 
102



[root@master ~]# grep -c '^#' /etc/services 
102

统计系统中有多少个虚拟用户普通用户

第一个历程: 用户信息都保存在什么文件中了

用户信息保存文件: /etc/passwd

第二个历程: 从文件中匹配出虚拟用户普通用户

匹配普通用户

awk '$NF~/bash/' /etc/passwd

awk '$NF~//bin/bash/' /etc/passwd

[root@master ~]# awk '$NF-/bash/' /etc/services 
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
echo            7/tcp
echo            7/udp
daytime         13/tcp
daytime         13/udp
ftp-data        20/tcp
ftp-data        20/udp
ftp             21/tcp
telnet          23/tcp
telnet          23/udp
nameserver      42/tcp          name            # IEN 116
nameserver      42/udp          name            # IEN 116
domain          53/udp
bootps          67/udp
tftp            69/tcp
tftp            69/udp
gopher          70/udp
finger          79/tcp
finger          79/udp
supdup          95/tcp
supdup          95/udp
rtelnet         107/udp
pop2            109/tcp         pop-2 postoffice        # POP version 2
pop3            110/tcp         pop-3           # POP version 3
sftp            115/tcp
sftp            115/udp
uucp-path       117/tcp
uucp-path       117/udp
ntp             123/tcp
netbios-ns      137/udp
netbios-dgm     138/udp
netbios-ssn     139/udp
cmip-man        163/udp
cmip-agent      164/tcp
cmip-agent      164/udp
xdmcp           177/udp
bgp             179/udp
bgp             179/sctp
prospero        191/udp
irc             194/udp
smux            199/udp
at-rtmp         201/udp
at-nbp          202/udp
at-echo         204/udp
at-zis          206/udp
ipx             213/udp
rpc2portmap     369/tcp
codaauth2       370/tcp
ldap            389/tcp
ldap            389/udp
mobileip-agent  434/tcp
mobileip-agent  434/udp
mobilip-mn      435/tcp
mobilip-mn      435/udp
microsoft-ds    445/tcp
microsoft-ds    445/udp
photuris        468/tcp
photuris        468/udp
gss-http        488/tcp
gss-http        488/udp
pim-rp-disc     496/tcp
pim-rp-disc     496/udp
isakmp          500/tcp
isakmp          500/udp
iiop            535/tcp
iiop            535/udp
dhcpv6-client   546/tcp
dhcpv6-client   546/udp
dhcpv6-server   547/tcp
dhcpv6-server   547/udp
whoami          565/tcp
whoami          565/udp
acap            674/tcp
acap            674/udp
webster         765/udp
phonebook       767/udp
telnets         992/tcp
telnets         992/udp
exec            512/tcp
login           513/tcp
syslog          514/udp
talk            517/udp
ntalk           518/udp
efs             520/tcp
ripng           521/tcp
ripng           521/udp
netnews         532/tcp
ingreslock      1524/tcp
ingreslock      1524/udp
kermit          1649/tcp
kermit          1649/udp
h323gatedisc    1718/tcp
h323gatedisc    1718/udp
h323gatestat    1719/tcp
h323gatestat    1719/udp
h323hostcall    1720/tcp
h323hostcall    1720/udp
tftp-mcast      1758/tcp
tftp-mcast      1758/udp
hello           1789/tcp
hello           1789/udp
licensedaemon   1986/tcp
licensedaemon   1986/udp
dict            2628/tcp                        # RFC 2229
dict            2628/udp                        # RFC 2229
quake           26000/tcp
quake           26000/udp
wnn6-ds         26208/tcp
wnn6-ds         26208/udp
traceroute      33434/tcp
traceroute      33434/udp
rndc            953/tcp                         # rndc control sockets (BIND 9)
rndc            953/udp                         # rndc control sockets (BIND 9)
sgi-dgl         5232/udp
# Updated additional list from IANA with all missing services 04/07/2008
acr-nema        104/tcp                 # ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
acr-nema        104/udp                 # ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
matip-type-b    351/tcp bhoetty         # MATIP Type B / bhoetty (added 5/21/97)
cloanto-net-1   356/tcp                 # Cloanto Net 1
cloanto-net-1   356/udp                 # Cloanto Net 1
ariel1          419/tcp                 # Ariel 1
ariel1          419/udp                 # Ariel 1
ariel2          421/tcp                 # Ariel 2
ariel2          421/udp                 # Ariel 2
ariel3          422/tcp                 # Ariel 3
ariel3          422/udp                 # Ariel 3
sco-websrvrmg3  598/tcp                 # SCO Web Server Manager 3
sco-websrvrmg3  598/udp                 # SCO Web Server Manager 3
dhcp-failover2  847/tcp                 # dhcp-failover 2
dhcp-failover2  847/udp                 # dhcp-failover 2
adobeserver-1   1102/tcp                # ADOBE SERVER 1
adobeserver-1   1102/udp                # ADOBE SERVER 1
adobeserver-2   1103/tcp                # ADOBE SERVER 2
adobeserver-2   1103/udp                # ADOBE SERVER 2
scanstat-1      1215/tcp                # scanSTAT 1.0
scanstat-1      1215/udp                # scanSTAT 1.0
etebac5         1216/tcp                # ETEBAC 5
etebac5         1216/udp                # ETEBAC 5
shockwave2      1257/tcp                # Shockwave 2
shockwave2      1257/udp                # Shockwave 2
dellwebadmin-1  1278/tcp                # Dell Web Admin 1
dellwebadmin-1  1278/udp                # Dell Web Admin 1
dellwebadmin-2  1279/tcp                # Dell Web Admin 2
dellwebadmin-2  1279/udp                # Dell Web Admin 2
sais            1426/tcp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 1
sais            1426/udp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 1
saism           1436/tcp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 2
saism           1436/udp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 2
saiscm          1501/tcp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 3
saiscm          1501/udp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 3
3l-l1           1511/tcp                # 3l-l1
3l-l1           1511/udp                # 3l-l1
3ds-lm          1538/tcp                # 3ds-lm
3ds-lm          1538/udp                # 3ds-lm
edb-server1     1635/tcp                # EDB Server 1
edb-server1     1635/udp                # EDB Server 1
saiseh          1644/tcp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 4
saiseh          1644/udp                # Satellite-data Acquisition System 4
3Com-nsd        1742/tcp                # 3Com-nsd
3Com-nsd        1742/udp                # 3Com-nsd
canocentral1    1872/tcp                # Cano Central 1
canocentral1    1872/udp                # Cano Central 1
lipsinc1        1969/tcp                # LIPSinc 1
lipsinc1        1969/udp                # LIPSinc 1
descent3        2092/tcp                # Descent 3
descent3        2092/udp                # Descent 3
apc-2160        2160/tcp                # APC 2160
apc-2160        2160/udp                # APC 2160
apc-2161        2161/tcp                # APC 2161
apc-2161        2161/udp                # APC 2161
ddns-v3         2164/tcp                # Dynamic DNS Version 3
ddns-v3         2164/udp                # Dynamic DNS Version 3
apc-2260        2260/tcp                # APC 2260
apc-2260        2260/udp                # APC 2260
apx500api-1     2264/tcp                # Audio Precision Apx500 API Port 1
apx500api-1     2264/udp                # Audio Precision Apx500 API Port 1
apx500api-2     2265/tcp                # Audio Precision Apx500 API Port 2
apx500api-2     2265/udp                # Audio Precision Apx500 API Port 2
d2k-datamover1  2297/tcp                # D2K DataMover 1
d2k-datamover1  2297/udp                # D2K DataMover 1
d2k-datamover2  2298/tcp                # D2K DataMover 2
d2k-datamover2  2298/udp                # D2K DataMover 2
3d-nfsd         2323/tcp                # 3d-nfsd
3d-nfsd         2323/udp                # 3d-nfsd
ms-olap1        2393/tcp                # MS OLAP 1
ms-olap1        2393/udp                # MS OLAP 1
ms-olap2        2394/tcp                # MS OLAP 2
ms-olap2        2394/udp                # MS OLAP 2
worldfusion1    2595/tcp                # World Fusion 1
worldfusion1    2595/udp                # World Fusion 1
worldfusion2    2596/tcp                # World Fusion 2
worldfusion2    2596/udp                # World Fusion 2
firstcall42     2673/tcp                # First Call 42
firstcall42     2673/udp                # First Call 42
pn-requester2   2718/tcp                # PN REQUESTER 2
pn-requester2   2718/udp                # PN REQUESTER 2
cqg-netlan-1    2824/tcp                # CQG Net/LAN 1
cqg-netlan-1    2824/udp                # CQG Net/Lan 1
dialpad-voice1  2860/tcp                # Dialpad Voice 1
dialpad-voice1  2860/udp                # Dialpad Voice 1
dialpad-voice2  2861/tcp                # Dialpad Voice 2
dialpad-voice2  2861/udp                # Dialpad Voice 2
apc-3052        3052/tcp                # APC 3052
apc-3052        3052/udp                # APC 3052
jmq-daemon-1    3214/tcp                # JMQ Daemon Port 1
jmq-daemon-1    3214/udp                # JMQ Daemon Port 1
jmq-daemon-2    3215/tcp                # JMQ Daemon Port 2
jmq-daemon-2    3215/udp                # JMQ Daemon Port 2
4talk           3284/tcp                # 4Talk
4talk           3284/udp                # 4Talk
officelink2000  3320/tcp                # Office Link 2000
officelink2000  3320/udp                # Office Link 2000
tip2            3372/tcp                # TIP 2
tip2            3372/udp                # TIP 2
nokia-ann-ch1   3405/tcp                # Nokia Announcement ch 1
nokia-ann-ch1   3405/udp                # Nokia Announcement ch 1
nokia-ann-ch2   3406/tcp                # Nokia Announcement ch 2
nokia-ann-ch2   3406/udp                # Nokia Announcement ch 2
jaugsremotec-1  3472/tcp                # JAUGS N-G Remotec 1
jaugsremotec-1  3472/udp                # JAUGS N-G Remotec 1
jaugsremotec-2  3473/tcp                # JAUGS N-G Remotec 2
jaugsremotec-2  3473/udp                # JAUGS N-G Remotec 2
ibm3494         3494/tcp                # IBM 3494
ibm3494         3494/udp                # IBM 3494
apc-3506        3506/tcp                # APC 3506
apc-3506        3506/udp                # APC 3506
aairnet-1       3618/tcp                # AAIR-Network 1
aairnet-1       3618/udp                # AAIR-Network 1
aairnet-2       3619/tcp                # AAIR-Network 2
aairnet-2       3619/udp                # AAIR-Network 2
netplay-port1   3640/tcp                # Netplay Port 1
netplay-port1   3640/udp                # Netplay Port 1
netplay-port2   3641/tcp                # Netplay Port 2
netplay-port2   3641/udp                # Netplay Port 2
adobeserver-3   3703/tcp                # Adobe Server 3
adobeserver-3   3703/udp                # Adobe Server 3
adobeserver-4   3704/tcp                # Adobe Server 4
adobeserver-4   3704/udp                # Adobe Server 4
adobeserver-5   3705/tcp                # Adobe Server 5
adobeserver-5   3705/udp                # Adobe Server 5
edb-server2     3711/tcp                # EBD Server 2
edb-server2     3711/udp                # EBD Server 2
listcrt-port-2  3914/tcp                # ListCREATOR Port 2
listcrt-port-2  3914/udp                # ListCREATOR Port 2
ccu-comm-1      4053/tcp                # CosmoCall Universe Communications Port 1
ccu-comm-1      4053/udp                # CosmoCall Universe Communications Port 1
ccu-comm-2      4054/tcp                # CosmoCall Universe Communications Port 2
ccu-comm-2      4054/udp                # CosmoCall Universe Communications Port 2
ccu-comm-3      4055/tcp                # CosmoCall Universe Communications Port 3
ccu-comm-3      4055/udp                # CosmoCall Universe Communications Port 3
rfid-rp1        4684/tcp                # RFID Reader Protocol 1.0
rfid-rp1        4684/udp                # RFID Reader Protocol 1.0
smar-se-port1   4987/tcp                # SMAR Ethernet Port 1
smar-se-port1   4987/udp                # SMAR Ethernet Port 1
smar-se-port2   4988/tcp                # SMAR Ethernet Port 2
smar-se-port2   4988/udp                # SMAR Ethernet Port 2
avt-profile-1   5004/tcp                # RTP media data [RFC 3551, RFC 4571]
avt-profile-1   5004/udp                # RTP media data [RFC 3551]
avt-profile-2   5005/tcp                # RTP control protocol [RFC 3551, RFC 4571]
avt-profile-2   5005/udp                # RTP control protocol [RFC 3551]
intecom-ps1     5056/tcp                # Intecom Pointspan 1
intecom-ps1     5056/udp                # Intecom Pointspan 1
intecom-ps2     5057/tcp                # Intecom Pointspan 2
intecom-ps2     5057/udp                # Intecom Pointspan 2
ca-1            5064/tcp                # Channel Access 1
ca-1            5064/udp                # Channel Access 1
ca-2            5065/tcp                # Channel Access 2
ca-2            5065/udp                # Channel Access 2
i-net-2000-npr  5069/tcp                # I/Net 2000-NPR
i-net-2000-npr  5069/udp                # I/Net 2000-NPR
targus-getdata1 5201/tcp                # TARGUS GetData 1
targus-getdata1 5201/udp                # TARGUS GetData 1
targus-getdata2 5202/tcp                # TARGUS GetData 2
targus-getdata2 5202/udp                # TARGUS GetData 2
targus-getdata3 5203/tcp                # TARGUS GetData 3
targus-getdata3 5203/udp                # TARGUS GetData 3
3com-njack-1    5264/tcp                # 3Com Network Jack Port 1
3com-njack-1    5264/udp                # 3Com Network Jack Port 1
3com-njack-2    5265/tcp                # 3Com Network Jack Port 2
3com-njack-2    5265/udp                # 3Com Network Jack Port 2
netsupport2     5421/tcp                # Net Support 2
netsupport2     5421/udp                # Net Support 2
apc-5454        5454/tcp                # APC 5454
apc-5454        5454/udp                # APC 5454
apc-5455        5455/tcp                # APC 5455
apc-5455        5455/udp                # APC 5455
apc-5456        5456/tcp                # APC 5456
apc-5456        5456/udp                # APC 5456
tmosms1         5581/tcp                # T-Mobile SMS Protocol Message 1
tmosms1         5581/udp                # T-Mobile SMS Protocol Message 1
fac-restore     5582/tcp                # T-Mobile SMS Protocol Message 3
fac-restore     5582/udp                # T-Mobile SMS Protocol Message 3
tmo-icon-sync   5583/tcp                # T-Mobile SMS Protocol Message 2
tmo-icon-sync   5583/udp                # T-Mobile SMS Protocol Message 2
ida-discover1   5741/tcp                # IDA Discover Port 1
ida-discover1   5741/udp                # IDA Discover Port 1
ida-discover2   5742/tcp                # IDA Discover Port 2
ida-discover2   5742/udp                # IDA Discover Port 2
statsci1-lm     6144/tcp                # StatSci License Manager - 1
statsci1-lm     6144/udp                # StatSci License Manager - 1
statsci2-lm     6145/tcp                # StatSci License Manager - 2
statsci2-lm     6145/udp                # StatSci License Manager - 2
jeol-nsdtp-1    6241/tcp                # JEOL Network Services Data Transport Protocol 1
jeol-nsddp-1    6241/udp                # JEOL Network Services Dynamic Discovery Protocol 1
jeol-nsdtp-2    6242/tcp                # JEOL Network Services Data Transport Protocol 2
jeol-nsddp-2    6242/udp                # JEOL Network Services Dynamic Discovery Protocol 2
jeol-nsdtp-3    6243/tcp                # JEOL Network Services Data Transport Protocol 3
jeol-nsddp-3    6243/udp                # JEOL Network Services Dynamic Discovery Protocol 3
jeol-nsdtp-4    6244/tcp                # JEOL Network Services Data Transport Protocol 4
jeol-nsddp-4    6244/udp                # JEOL Network Services Dynamic Discovery Protocol 4
emp-server1     6321/tcp                # Empress Software Connectivity Server 1
emp-server1     6321/udp                # Empress Software Connectivity Server 1
emp-server2     6322/tcp                # Empress Software Connectivity Server 2
emp-server2     6322/udp                # Empress Software Connectivity Server 2
apc-6547        6547/tcp                # APC 6547
apc-6547        6547/udp                # APC 6547
apc-6548        6548/tcp                # APC 6548
apc-6548        6548/udp                # APC 6548
apc-6549        6549/tcp                # APC 6549
apc-6549        6549/udp                # APC 6549
watchme-7272    7272/tcp                # WatchMe Monitoring 7272
watchme-7272    7272/udp                # WatchMe Monitoring 7272
itactionserver1 7280/tcp                # ITACTIONSERVER 1
itactionserver1 7280/udp                # ITACTIONSERVER 1
itactionserver2 7281/tcp                # ITACTIONSERVER 2
itactionserver2 7281/udp                # ITACTIONSERVER 2
apc-7845        7845/tcp                # APC 7845
apc-7845        7845/udp                # APC 7845
apc-7846        7846/tcp                # APC 7846
apc-7846        7846/udp                # APC 7846
rtsp-alt        8554/tcp                # RTSP Alternate (see port 554)
rtsp-alt        8554/udp                # RTSP Alternate (see port 554)
canon-bjnp1     8611/tcp                # Canon BJNP Port 1
canon-bjnp1     8611/udp                # Canon BJNP Port 1
canon-bjnp2     8612/tcp                # Canon BJNP Port 2
canon-bjnp2     8612/udp                # Canon BJNP Port 2
canon-bjnp3     8613/tcp                # Canon BJNP Port 3
canon-bjnp3     8613/udp                # Canon BJNP Port 3
canon-bjnp4     8614/tcp                # Canon BJNP Port 4
canon-bjnp4     8614/udp                # Canon BJNP Port 4
ddi-tcp-1       8888/tcp                # NewsEDGE server TCP (TCP 1)
ddi-udp-1       8888/udp                # NewsEDGE server UDP (UDP 1)
ddi-tcp-2       8889/tcp                # Desktop Data TCP 1
ddi-tcp-3       8890/tcp                # Desktop Data TCP 2
jmb-cds1        8900/tcp                # JMB-CDS 1
jmb-cds1        8900/udp                # JMB-CDS 1
jmb-cds2        8901/tcp                # JMB-CDS 2
jmb-cds2        8901/udp                # JMB-CDS 2
swa-1           9023/tcp                # Secure Web Access - 1
swa-1           9023/udp                # Secure Web Access - 1
swa-2           9024/tcp                # Secure Web Access - 2
swa-2           9024/udp                # Secure Web Access - 2
swa-3           9025/tcp                # Secure Web Access - 3
swa-3           9025/udp                # Secure Web Access - 3
swa-4           9026/tcp                # Secure Web Access - 4
swa-4           9026/udp                # Secure Web Access - 4
swtp-port1      9281/tcp                # SofaWare transport port 1
swtp-port1      9281/udp                # SofaWare transport port 1
swtp-port2      9282/tcp                # SofaWare transport port 2
swtp-port2      9282/udp                # SofaWare transport port 2
apc-9950        9950/tcp                # APC 9950
apc-9950        9950/udp                # APC 9950
apc-9951        9951/tcp                # APC 9951
apc-9951        9951/udp                # APC 9951
apc-9952        9952/tcp                # APC 9952
apc-9952        9952/udp                # APC 9952
acis            9953/tcp                # 9953
acis            9953/udp                # 9953
sua             14001/udp               # De-Registered (2001 June 06)
sage-best-com1  14033/tcp               # sage Best! Config Server 1
sage-best-com1  14033/udp               # sage Best! Config Server 1
sage-best-com2  14034/tcp               # sage Best! Config Server 2
sage-best-com2  14034/udp               # sage Best! Config Server 2
optohost002     22002/tcp               # Opto Host Port 2
optohost002     22002/udp               # Opto Host Port 2
optohost003     22003/tcp               # Opto Host Port 3
optohost003     22003/udp               # Opto Host Port 3
optohost004     22004/tcp               # Opto Host Port 4
optohost004     22004/udp               # Opto Host Port 4
optohost005     22005/tcp               # Opto Host Port 5
optohost005     22005/udp               # Opto Host Port 5
inovaport1      23000/tcp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 1
inovaport1      23000/udp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 1
inovaport2      23001/tcp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 2
inovaport2      23001/udp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 2
inovaport3      23002/tcp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 3
inovaport3      23002/udp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 3
inovaport4      23003/tcp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 4
inovaport4      23003/udp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 4
inovaport5      23004/tcp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 5
inovaport5      23004/udp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 5
inovaport6      23005/tcp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 6
inovaport6      23005/udp               # Inova LightLink Server Type 6
vista-4gl       24249/tcp               # Vista 4GL
vista-4gl       24249/udp               # Vista 4GL
sgsap           29118/sctp              # SGsAP in 3GPP
sbcap           29168/sctp              # SBcAP in 3GPP
pago-services1  30001/tcp               # Pago Services 1
pago-services1  30001/udp               # Pago Services 1
pago-services2  30002/tcp               # Pago Services 2
pago-services2  30002/udp               # Pago Services 2
autotrac-acp    31020/tcp               # Autotrac ACP 245
[root@master ~]# awk '$NF-/\/bin\/bash/' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
wang:x:1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
it101:x:1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it1:x:1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it2:x:1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it3:x:1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it4:x:1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it5:x:1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it6:x:1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it7:x:1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it8:x:1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it9:x:1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it10:x:1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it11:x:1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it12:x:1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it13:x:1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it14:x:1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it15:x:1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it16:x:1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it17:x:1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it18:x:1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it19:x:1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it20:x:1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it21:x:1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it22:x:1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it23:x:1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it24:x:1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it25:x:1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it26:x:1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it27:x:1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it28:x:1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it29:x:1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it30:x:1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it31:x:1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it32:x:1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it33:x:1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it34:x:1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it35:x:1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it36:x:1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it37:x:1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it38:x:1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it39:x:1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it40:x:1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it41:x:1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it42:x:1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it43:x:1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it44:x:1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it45:x:1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it46:x:1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it47:x:1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it48:x:1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it49:x:1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it50:x:1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it51:x:1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it52:x:1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it53:x:1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it54:x:1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it55:x:1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it56:x:1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it57:x:1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it58:x:1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it59:x:1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it60:x:1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it61:x:1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it62:x:1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it63:x:1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it64:x:1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it65:x:1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it66:x:1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it67:x:1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it68:x:1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it69:x:1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it70:x:1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it71:x:1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it72:x:1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it73:x:1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it74:x:1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it75:x:1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it76:x:1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it77:x:1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it78:x:1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it79:x:1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it80:x:1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it81:x:1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it82:x:1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it83:x:1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it84:x:1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it85:x:1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it86:x:1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it87:x:1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it88:x:1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it89:x:1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it90:x:1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it91:x:1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it92:x:1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it93:x:1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it94:x:1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it95:x:1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it96:x:1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it97:x:1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it98:x:1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it99:x:1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it100:x:1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
oldboy01:x:1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy02:x:1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy03:x:1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy04:x:1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy05:x:1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy06:x:1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy07:x:1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy08:x:1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy09:x:1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy10:x:1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
mailuser:x:1112:1113::/home/mailuser:/bin/bash
oldboy:x:1113:1114::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash

第三个历程: 进行统计

求和运算:

sum=sum+$n(需要进行数值求和的列)

seq 10|awk '{sum=sum+$1;print sum}'

[root@master ~]# seq 10|awk '{sum=sum+$1;print sum}'
1
3
6
10
15
21
28
36
45
55

总结:awk命令中$符号用法

$1 $2 $3 : 取第几列信息

$NF : 取最后一列

$(NF-n) : 取倒数第几列

$0 : 取所有列的信息

三剑客命令

老三: grep 过滤筛选信息

老二: sed 修改替换文件内容擅长对文件中的行进行操作

老大: awk 擅长统计分析文件内容擅长对文件中列进行操作

posted @ 2024-03-13 23:07 三思博客阅读(96) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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三思博客

纸上得来终觉浅绝知此事要躬行敢想敢干最重要 Slow is fast No one has a chance of victory, but I am willing to exchange my life for this chance of victory. What about you?

find、grep、sed、awk命令（总结）

find、grep、sed、awk命令（总结）

2.经常配合xargs命令使用

查找指定数据信息进行删除

查找指定数据信息进行复制

查找指定数据信息进行移动

查找指定数据信息按照日期 --主要用于批量删除历史数据信息

(1)find工具name参数案例,详解如下

（2）fnd工具-type参数案例,详解如下

(3)find工具size参数案例,详解如下

(4)find工具perm参数案例,详解如下:

(5)find工具mime参数案例,详解如下

(6)find工具参数综合案例，代码如下

1.sed查询信息

#02.根据内容信息输出单行内容

2.sed命令增加信息（i:行前、a：行后）

4.sed命令修改信息

后项引用前项进行替换修改

grep 学习

七、awk（擅长统计分析文件内容擅长对文件中列进行操作）

注意：生产环境当中不要以命令为结尾生成文件否则会出错

公告

三思博客

纸上得来终觉浅 绝知此事要躬行 敢想敢干最重要 Slow is fast No one has a chance of victory, but I am willing to exchange my life for this chance of victory. What about you?

find、grep、sed、awk命令（总结）

find、grep、sed、awk命令（总结）

2.经常配合xargs命令使用

查找指定数据信息进行删除

查找指定数据信息进行复制

查找指定数据信息进行移动

查找指定数据信息按照日期 --主要用于批量删除历史数据信息

(1)find工具name参数案例,详解如下

（2）fnd工具-type参数案例,详解如下

(3)find工具size参数案例,详解如下

(4)find工具perm参数案例,详解如下:

(5)find工具mime参数案例,详解如下

(6)find工具参数综合案例，代码如下

1.sed查询信息

#02.根据内容信息输出单行内容

2.sed命令增加信息（i:行前、a：行后）

4.sed命令修改信息

后项引用前项进行替换修改

grep 学习

七、awk（擅长统计分析文件内容 擅长对文件中列进行操作）

注意：生产环境当中不要以命令为结尾生成文件 否则会出错

公告

纸上得来终觉浅绝知此事要躬行敢想敢干最重要 Slow is fast No one has a chance of victory, but I am willing to exchange my life for this chance of victory. What about you?

七、awk（擅长统计分析文件内容擅长对文件中列进行操作）

注意：生产环境当中不要以命令为结尾生成文件否则会出错