【科学计数法】——hdu1060
Leftmost Digit
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 16253 Accepted Submission(s): 6402
Problem Description
Given a positive integer N, you should output the leftmost digit of N^N.
Input
The input contains several test cases. The first line of the input is a single integer T which is the number of test cases. T test cases follow.
Each test case contains a single positive integer N(1<=N<=1,000,000,000).
Each test case contains a single positive integer N(1<=N<=1,000,000,000).
Output
For each test case, you should output the leftmost digit of N^N.
Sample Input
2
3
4
Sample Output
2 2
Hint
In the first case, 3 * 3 * 3 = 27, so the leftmost digit is 2. In the second case, 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 = 256, so the leftmost digit is 2.思路:利用科学计数法,将n^n表示为a*10^x;
然后两边取以10为底的对数。
再用对数运算性质解除d。
具体化:
我们要求的最右边的数字就是(int)a,即a的整数部分;
两边同时取以10为底的对数
lg(N^N) = lg(a*10^x) ;
化简 : N*lg(N) = lg(a) + x;
继续化 N*lg(N) - x = lg(a)
a = 10^(N*lg(N) - x);
现在就只有x是未知的了,如果能用n来表示x的话,这题就解出来了。
又因为,x是N^N的位数。比如 N^N = 1200 --> x = 3;
实际上就是 x 就是lg(N^N) 向下取整数,表示为[lg(N^N)]
a = 10^(N*lg(N) - [lg(N^N)]);
然后(int)a 就是答案了。
代码如下
#include<iostream> #include<cmath> using namespace std; int main() { long long t,n; double x,ans; cin>>t; while(t--) { cin>>n; x=n*log10(n); ans=pow(10,x-(long long)x); cout<<(int)ans<<endl; } }
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