WPS JSA 宏编程(JS):3.了解 Range 对象
下面我们通过一示例,来了解一下最常打交道的 Range 对象:
1 /*关于[单元格区域(Range)]对象的测试*/ 2 function Range_Test() { 3 {//1.Range 对象的获取 4 let rangePathPrinter = rng => Console.log('详细地址:' + 5 rng.Worksheet.Name + '/' + rng.Address()); 6 7 //1.1.Range 构造器 8 //通过 new 获取 Range 对象时,默认指向的是 ActiveSheet 表 9 var rngNew = new Range('I1'); 10 rangePathPrinter(rngNew); 11 12 //1.2.通过 Application.InputBox() 方法 13 //当用户选取了单元格区域并点击确定时,它返回一个 Range 对象 14 //当用户未进行任何选取,或者点击了取消时,它返回 false 15 var rngSelected = Application.InputBox( 16 '请用鼠标框选单元格区域', '选取单元格区域', undefined, 17 undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, 8); 18 if (rngSelected === false) 19 alert('您未选取任何单元格区域!'); 20 else 21 rangePathPrinter(rngSelected); 22 23 //1.3.通过 Worksheet.Range() 方法获取,它获取的单元格区域 24 // 是属于该 Worksheet(即工作表对象)的 25 var rngWorksheet = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Item( 26 ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Count).Range('A1:A10'); 27 rangePathPrinter(rngWorksheet); 28 29 //1.4.通过 Application.Range() 方法来获取,它也指向 30 // ActiveSheet(即当前表) 31 let rngApplication = Application.Range('A1'); 32 rangePathPrinter(rngApplication); 33 } 34 35 {//2.Range 的类型原型 36 //由以下语句的结果可知,Range 函数只是一个工具,它 37 //在 new 时,将 prototype 重定向了,它并不是真正的原型 38 Console.log('constructor name : ' + rngNew.constructor.name); 39 Console.log('is instance of Range? = ' + (rngNew instanceof Range)); 40 Console.log('is prototype same? = ' + 41 (rngNew.__proto__ == rngWorksheet.__proto__)); 42 Console.log('is constructor same? = ' + 43 (rngNew.constructor == rngWorksheet.constructor)); 44 } 45 46 {//3.查看 Range 对象的所有成员 47 let memberNames = Object.keys(rngNew); 48 Console.log('property/method count : ' + memberNames.length); 49 let counter = 0; 50 memberNames = memberNames.sort(); 51 for(let name of memberNames) { 52 let info = '[' + (++counter) + ']' + name; 53 //不加try...catch...不行,因为为 member 取值可能出错 54 try { 55 let member = rngNew[name]; 56 if (/*这个条件判断不成功,不知为何*/ 57 member instanceof Function || 58 /*这个条件却可以,奇怪吧*/ 59 typeof member == 'function') 60 Console.log(info + '(...)'); 61 else 62 Console.log(info); 63 } catch { 64 Console.log(info); 65 } 66 } 67 } 68 69 70 {//4.通过 Value()/Value2 快捷读写单元格区域 71 //4.1.只能通过 Value2 来写数据 72 let bordersMaker = function(rng, color) { 73 let indices = [xlEdgeLeft, xlEdgeTop, 74 xlEdgeBottom, xlEdgeRight, 75 xlInsideHorizontal, xlInsideVertical]; 76 for (let index of indices) { 77 (obj=>{ 78 obj.Weight = xlThin; 79 obj.LineStyle = xlContinuous; 80 obj.Color = color; 81 })(rng.Borders.Item(index)); 82 } 83 } 84 //4.1.1.当向包含多个单元格的单元格区域,写入单个值时, 85 // 每一个单元格都将得到这个值 86 let rngSingleValueWriteTo = new Range('A1:B2,D1,F1:G3'); 87 let red = 255; //红色 88 bordersMaker(rngSingleValueWriteTo, red); 89 rngSingleValueWriteTo.Value2 = '单个值'; 90 91 //4.1.2.当向一个单元格区域写入一个一维数组时,它通过遍历将数组 92 // 中的元素赋值给单元格区域的单元格: 93 // 1.它总是对应的将第N个元素赋值给每行的第N个单元格; 94 // 2.如果它的元素个数多于行的单元格个数,多出的元素将被丢弃; 95 // 3.如果它的元素个数少于行的单元格个数,缺少数据的单元格,将 96 // 被填充以 "#N/A" 这个错误 97 let rngSingleDimensionalArrayWriteTo = 98 new Range('A4:B6,D4,F5:I6'); 99 let blue = 12611584; //蓝色 100 bordersMaker(rngSingleDimensionalArrayWriteTo, blue); 101 rngSingleDimensionalArrayWriteTo.Value2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']; 102 103 //4.1.3.当向一个单元格区域写入一个多维数组时,逻辑混乱, 104 // 不要这么调用 105 let rngMultiDimensionalArrayWriteTo = 106 new Range('A8:B10,D8,F8:I9'); 107 let black = 0; //黑色 108 bordersMaker(rngMultiDimensionalArrayWriteTo, black); 109 rngMultiDimensionalArrayWriteTo.Value2 = 110 [['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3], [false, true, true]]; 111 112 //4.2.读取全部单元格区域数据 113 //可以一次性取得单元格区域对象的所有单元格的值,它们会被 114 //组织成一个数组返回,这个数组按照先列后行的数据读存单元格 115 //区域中所有单元格的值; 116 let rngData = new Range('A12:C15'); 117 rngData.Rows.Item(1).Value2 = ['A', 'B', 'C']; 118 rngData.Rows.Item(2).Value2 = ['D', 'E', 'F']; 119 rngData.Rows.Item(3).Value2 = ['G', 'H', 'I']; 120 //读取全部 121 let vsData = rngData.Value2; 122 Console.log(JSON.stringify(vsData)); 123 //少读一列 124 let vsDataPart = rngData.Cells.Item(1) 125 .Resize(3, 2).Value2; 126 Console.log(JSON.stringify(vsDataPart)) 127 //读单行数据 128 let vsDataRow = rngData.Rows.Item(1).Value2; 129 Console.log(JSON.stringify(vsDataRow)); 130 //读单列数据 131 let vsDataColumn = rngData.Columns.Item(1).Value2; 132 Console.log(JSON.stringify(vsDataColumn)); 133 //由以上例子的输出可知,只有单行单元格区域的数据, 134 //可以一次无误地将所有数据读取到一个数组中; 135 //而且只要你的单元格区域包含多个单元格,读取到的 136 //一定会是一个二维数组 137 //综上所述,请在快捷读取单元格区域数据时,只按行单行 138 //单行的读取 139 } 140 141 {/*5.通过 Value()/Value2 读写特殊值: 142 //5.1.Date 类型 143 后者将 Date 与 Currency 类型的数据以 Double 类型返回 144 VBA 在这方面处理得比较好,因为它本身支持的 Date/Currency 类型是与 Excel 145 的同名数据类型是对等的;而 JSA 的 Date 类型与 Excel 的 Date 类型完全不对 146 等,至于 Currency 类型,JSA 则根本就不支持*/ 147 let now = new Date(Date.now()); 148 let cell = rngNew; 149 cell.Clear(); 150 //通过赋值加设置数据格式的方式,可以向单元格输入日期值 151 cell.Value2 = now; 152 cell.NumberFormatLocal = 'yyyy/mm/dd hh:MM:ss;@'; 153 Console.log(cell.Value2.constructor.name);//Number 154 Console.log(cell.Value().constructor.name);//Date 155 let dtValue = cell.Value(); 156 //JSA日期是带时区的,Excel 的不带时区 157 Console.log(now); 158 Console.log(now.toLocaleString()); 159 Console.log(dtValue); 160 Console.log(dtValue.toLocaleString()); 161 //设置到单元格的日期数据会丢失毫秒的精度 162 Console.log(now.valueOf()); 163 Console.log(dtValue.valueOf()); 164 Console.log(now - dtValue == now.getMilliseconds()); 165 //所以在 JSA 与 Excel 有日期时间数据交换时,要注意时区与毫秒精度方面的影响 166 } 167 }
其输出如下:
详细地址:Sheet2/$I$1
详细地址:Sheet1/$H$32
详细地址:Sheet2/$A$1:$A$10
详细地址:Sheet2/$A$1
constructor name : Range
is instance of Range? = false
is prototype same? = true
is constructor same? = true
property/method count : 187
[1]Activate(...)
[2]AddComment(...)
[3]AddIndent
[4]Address(...)
[5]AddressLocal(...)
[6]AdvancedFilter(...)
[7]AllocateChanges(...)
[8]AllowEdit
[9]Application
[10]ApplyNames(...)
[11]ApplyOutlineStyles(...)
[12]Areas
[13]AutoComplete(...)
[14]AutoFill(...)
[15]AutoFilter(...)
[16]AutoFit(...)
[17]AutoFormat(...)
[18]AutoOutline(...)
[19]BorderAround(...)
[20]Borders
[21]Calculate(...)
[22]CalculateRowMajorOrder(...)
[23]Cells
[24]Characters(...)
[25]CheckSpelling(...)
[26]Clear(...)
[27]ClearComments(...)
[28]ClearContents(...)
[29]ClearFormats(...)
[30]ClearHyperlinks(...)
[31]ClearNotes(...)
[32]ClearOutline(...)
[33]Column
[34]ColumnDifferences(...)
[35]ColumnWidth
[36]Columns
[37]Comment
[38]Consolidate(...)
[39]Copy(...)
[40]CopyFromRecordset(...)
[41]CopyPicture(...)
[42]Count
[43]CountLarge
[44]CreateNames(...)
[45]CreatePublisher(...)
[46]Creator
[47]CurrentArray
[48]CurrentRegion
[49]Cut(...)
[50]DataSeries(...)
[51]Delete(...)
[52]Dependents
[53]DialogBox(...)
[54]DirectDependents
[55]DirectPrecedents
[56]Dirty(...)
[57]DiscardChanges(...)
[58]DisplayFormat
[59]EditionOptions(...)
[60]End(...)
[61]EntireColumn
[62]EntireRow
[63]Errors
[64]ExportAsFixedFormat(...)
[65]FillDown(...)
[66]FillLeft(...)
[67]FillRight(...)
[68]FillUp(...)
[69]Find(...)
[70]FindNext(...)
[71]FindPrevious(...)