算法导论12.1-3习题解答(非递归中序遍历)
CLRS 12.1-3:
给出一个非递归的中序树遍历算法。(提示:有两种方法,在较容易的方法中,可以采用栈作为辅助数据结构;在较为复杂的方法中,不采用栈结构,但假设可以测试两个指针是否相等。)
算法思想:
1.采用栈的话,先寻找最左边的节点,把经过的节点都存入栈中,第一个被弹出来的为最左节点,那么访问其右子树,对右子树也像前面一样遍历,整个流程跟递归一样。
2.不采用栈的话,先是访问最左节点,然后访问其右子树,然后回溯到最左节点的父节点,不断重复这个过程,思路还是一样。这里参考了重剑无锋的http://blog.csdn.net/kofsky/archive/2008/09/05/2886453.aspx
构造的树的树如下:
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
usingnamespace std;
class Node
{
public:
int data;
Node* left;
Node* right;
Node* parent;
bool visited;
//Node(){}
Node(int d);
Node(int d, Node* l, Node* r);
};
class BinaryTree
{
public:
Node* root;
BinaryTree(Node* r);
//递归实现中序遍历
void recurse_in_order_visit(Node* root);
//非递归用栈实现中序遍历
void non_recurse_using_stack_in_order_visit(Node* root);
//非递归且不用栈实现中序遍历
void non_recurse_non_stack_in_order_visit(Node* root);
enum TRAVESAL_STATE
{
LEFT_NOT_TRAVERS,//左子树未遍历
LEFT_TRAVERSED,//左子树已遍历(包括左子树为空)
RIGHT_TRAVERSED//右子树已遍历(右子树为空)
};
};
int main()
{
Node* node1 =new Node(1, NULL, NULL);
Node* node2 =new Node(2, node1, NULL);
Node* node3 =new Node(4, NULL, NULL);
Node* node4 =new Node(3, node2, node3);
Node* node5 =new Node(7, NULL, NULL);
Node* node6 =new Node(6, NULL, node5);
Node* node7 =new Node(9, NULL, NULL);
Node* node8 =new Node(8, node6, node7);
Node* root =new Node(5, node4, node8);
BinaryTree* binary_tree =new BinaryTree(root);
cout<<"递归中序遍历的结果:"<<endl;
binary_tree->recurse_in_order_visit(binary_tree->root);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"非递归用栈中序遍历的结果:"<<endl;
binary_tree->non_recurse_using_stack_in_order_visit(binary_tree->root);
cout<<endl;
//若使用非递归且不用栈来进行中序遍历,则需要parent指针作为辅助
node1->parent = node2;
node2->parent = node4;
node3->parent = node4;
node5->parent = node6;
node6->parent = node8;
node7->parent = node8;
node4->parent = root;
node8->parent = root;
cout<<"非递归且不用栈中序遍历的结果:"<<endl;
binary_tree->non_recurse_non_stack_in_order_visit(binary_tree->root);
cout<<endl;
return0;
}
#include <time.h>
usingnamespace std;
class Node
{
public:
int data;
Node* left;
Node* right;
Node* parent;
bool visited;
//Node(){}
Node(int d);
Node(int d, Node* l, Node* r);
};
class BinaryTree
{
public:
Node* root;
BinaryTree(Node* r);
//递归实现中序遍历
void recurse_in_order_visit(Node* root);
//非递归用栈实现中序遍历
void non_recurse_using_stack_in_order_visit(Node* root);
//非递归且不用栈实现中序遍历
void non_recurse_non_stack_in_order_visit(Node* root);
enum TRAVESAL_STATE
{
LEFT_NOT_TRAVERS,//左子树未遍历
LEFT_TRAVERSED,//左子树已遍历(包括左子树为空)
RIGHT_TRAVERSED//右子树已遍历(右子树为空)
};
};
int main()
{
Node* node1 =new Node(1, NULL, NULL);
Node* node2 =new Node(2, node1, NULL);
Node* node3 =new Node(4, NULL, NULL);
Node* node4 =new Node(3, node2, node3);
Node* node5 =new Node(7, NULL, NULL);
Node* node6 =new Node(6, NULL, node5);
Node* node7 =new Node(9, NULL, NULL);
Node* node8 =new Node(8, node6, node7);
Node* root =new Node(5, node4, node8);
BinaryTree* binary_tree =new BinaryTree(root);
cout<<"递归中序遍历的结果:"<<endl;
binary_tree->recurse_in_order_visit(binary_tree->root);
cout<<endl;
cout<<"非递归用栈中序遍历的结果:"<<endl;
binary_tree->non_recurse_using_stack_in_order_visit(binary_tree->root);
cout<<endl;
//若使用非递归且不用栈来进行中序遍历,则需要parent指针作为辅助
node1->parent = node2;
node2->parent = node4;
node3->parent = node4;
node5->parent = node6;
node6->parent = node8;
node7->parent = node8;
node4->parent = root;
node8->parent = root;
cout<<"非递归且不用栈中序遍历的结果:"<<endl;
binary_tree->non_recurse_non_stack_in_order_visit(binary_tree->root);
cout<<endl;
return0;
}
Node::Node(int d)
{
data = d;
parent = left = right = NULL;
visited =false;
}
Node::Node(int d, Node* l, Node* r)
{
data = d;
left = l;
right = r;
parent = NULL;
visited =false;
}
BinaryTree::BinaryTree(Node* r)
{
root = r;
}
//递归实现中序遍历
void BinaryTree::recurse_in_order_visit(Node* root)
{
if(root != NULL)
{
recurse_in_order_visit(root->left);
printf("%d\t", root->data);
recurse_in_order_visit(root->right);
}
}
//非递归用栈实现中序遍历
void BinaryTree::non_recurse_using_stack_in_order_visit(Node* root)
{
Node* stack[9];
int top =-1;
while(root != NULL || top >-1)
{
while(root != NULL)
{
stack[++top] = root;
root = root->left;
}
if(top >-1)
{
root = stack[top--];
printf("%d\t", root->data);
root = root->right;
}
}
}
//非递归且不用栈实现中序遍历
void BinaryTree::non_recurse_non_stack_in_order_visit(Node* root)
{
while ( root != NULL )
{
while ( root->left != NULL &&!root->left->visited )
{
//一路向左
root = root->left;
}
if ( !root->visited )
{
cout<<root->data<<"\t";
root->visited=true;
}
if ( root->right != NULL &&!root->right->visited )
{
//右子树
root = root->right;
}
else
{
//回溯至parent节点
root = root->parent;
}
}
}
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可以转载, 但必须以超链接形式标明文章原始出处和作者信息及版权声明