Tornado之实例和扩展

1、Tornado文件的结构:

  1、Controllers控制器

  2、Models数据库操作

  3、Views前端显示

2、样例

app

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
from tornado.web import Application
import tornado

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
# 从controllers导入别的handlers
from controllers.account import LoginHandler
from controllers.home import HomeHandler


# 实例化一个Mainhandler来处理主页
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        # self.write("Hello, world")
        # self.render("main.html")
        self.redirect('http://www.baidu.com')


# 用户可以自定义方法在前端使用
import uimethods as mt
# 用户可以自定义类在前端使用
import uimodules as mm
from tornado import escape

# 将一些额外的参数传递给application
settings = {
    "template_path": 'views',
    'cookie_secret': 'asdfpojaksdfyknasdfklasdf',
    'ui_methods': mt,
    'ui_modules': mm,
    'static_path': 'static',
}

# 实例化一个application
application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/index", MainHandler),
    (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    (r"/home", HomeHandler),
], **settings)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 绑定端口
    application.listen(8888)
    # 启动服务
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

 前端样例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ tab(11) }}  <!-- 自定义方法 -->
    {% raw tab(11) %}  <!-- 将tab(11)的结果不转义,该怎么显示就显示 -->

    {% module Custom(22) %}  <!-- 调用用户的自定义类 -->

    <form action="/login" method="POST">
        <input type="text" name="user"/>
        <input type="password" name="pwd"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />{{msg}}  <!-- 变量 -->
    </form>
</body>
</html>

 UImethod

from tornado import escape
def tab(request,val):
    # 返回一段代码,会自动渲染成相应的内容
    return '<h1>Hello World!</h1>'

 UIModule

from tornado.web import UIModule
from tornado import escape

class Custom(UIModule):
    def css_files(self):
        # 会在head部加上css样式文件
        return "commons.css"
        # 会在头部嵌入相应的css
    def embedded_css(self):
        return ".c1{display:none}"
        # 会在body的底部,加上js文件
    def javascript_files(self):
        return "commons.js"
    def embedded_javascript(self):
        # 会在body的底部,加上js代码
        return "function f1(){alert(123);}"
    def render(self, val):
        # return "老村长" # 渲染相应的内容
        # return '<h1>老村长</h1>' # 渲染相应的内容,但是默认会转义
        v = escape.xhtml_escape('<h1>老村长</h1>') # 不转义,前端必须加上raw
        return v

 3、Tornado的扩展

  1. 定义的每个handler都会继承RequestHandler,RequestHandler在init方法后都会调用initialize方法,并未实现。这是一个hook,所以我们可以扩展实现更为强大的功能
  2. 深度继承的扩展

深度继承样例

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
import tornado.ioloop import tornado.web from controllers.account import LoginHandler from controllers.home import HomeHandler class Foo(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def initialize(self): self.A = 123 self.set_cookie(ag) # 调用其父类的initialize,把实例化对象传过来给Foo的父类的构造器 super(Foo,self).initialize() class MainHandler(Foo): # 可以利用深度继承,来做一些进一步的封装,注意传给父类的self是自身的实例化对象 def get(self): print(self.A) self.write("Hello, world") application = tornado.web.Application([ (r"/index", MainHandler), ]) if __name__ == "__main__": application.listen(9999) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

3、Tornado只支持cookie,我们对其作进一步扩展,使其支持session功能

给Tornado添加session模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
from controllers.account import LoginHandler
from controllers.home import HomeHandler

import time
import hashlib

# 内存存储
class Cache(object):
    """
    将session保存在内存
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.container = {}

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return item in self.container

    def initial(self,random_str):
        self.container[random_str] = {}

    def get(self,random_str,key):
        return self.container[random_str].get(key)

    def set(self,random_str,key,value):
        self.container[random_str][key] = value

    def delete(self,random_str,key):
        del self.container[random_str][key]

    def open(self):
        pass

    def close(self):
        pass

    def clear(self,random_str):
        del self.container[random_str]

# MemCache存储,暂未实现,用户可自己写此类
class Memcache(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def get(self,key):
        pass

    def set(self,key,value):
        pass

    def delete(self,key):
        pass

    def open(self):
        pass

    def close(self):
        pass

# Redis存储,暂未实现,用户可自己写此类
class Redis(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def get(self, key):
        pass

    def set(self, key, value):
        pass

    def delete(self, key):
        pass

    def open(self):
        pass

    def close(self):
        pass

# 用户可自定义session的存储方式
P = Cache

class Session(object):
    def __init__(self,handler):
        self.handler = handler
        self.random_str = None
        self.session_db = P()  # 实例化配置对应的存储类型
        self.session_db.open()
        # 去用户请求信息中获取session_id,如果没有,新用户
        client_random_str = self.handler.get_cookie('session_id')
        if not client_random_str:
            "新用户"
            self.random_str = self.create_random_str()
            self.session_db.initial(self.random_str)
        else:
            if client_random_str in self.session_db:
                "老用户"
                self.random_str = client_random_str
            else:
                "非法用户"
                self.random_str = self.create_random_str()
                self.session_db.initial(self.random_str)
        ctime = time.time()
        self.handler.set_cookie('session_id',self.random_str,expires=ctime+1800)
        self.session_db.close()

    def create_random_str(self):
        """
        专业创建随机字符串,基于时间,大家可以加点盐
        :return: 
        """
        v = str(time.time())
        m = hashlib.md5()
        m.update(bytes(v,encoding='utf-8'))
        return m.hexdigest()

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        """
        更新用户cookie对应的session内容,可实现session['uuuuu']
        :param key: 
        :param value: 
        :return: 
        """
        self.session_db.open()
        self.session_db.set(self.random_str,key,value)
        self.session_db.close()
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        """
        获取用户cookie对应的session内容,可实现session['uuuuu']
        :param key: 
        :return: 
        """
        self.session_db.open()
        v = self.session_db.get(self.random_str,key)
        self.session_db.close()
        return v
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        """
        删除用户cookie对应的session内容
        :param key: 
        :return: 
        """
        
        self.session_db.open()
        self.session_db.delete(self.random_str,key)
        self.session_db.close()

    def clear(self):
        """
        清空用户cookie对应的session内容
        :return: 
        """
        
        self.session_db.open()
        self.session_db.clear(self.random_str)
        self.session_db.close()

class SessionHandler(object):
    def initialize(self):
        # self是MainHandler对象
        self.session = Session(self) # 会把当前实例化的对象传进去
        super(SessionHandler,self).initialize() # 利用python的广度继承

class HomeHandler(SessionHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    """
    SessionHandler应该放在左边,因为SessionHandler利用了python的广度继承
    如果觉得麻烦可让SessionHandler继承RequestHandler,使其成为深度继承
    """
    def get(self):
        # 根据用户的cookie
        user = self.session['username']
        if not user:
            self.redirect("http://www.oldboyedu.com")
        else:
            self.write(user)

class LoginHandler(SessionHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    # 登录的时候可根据表单提交,完成相应的增删改查
    def get(self):
        self.session['uuuuu'] = 'root'
        self.redirect('/home')

class TestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.set_cookie('k1', 'vvv', expires=time.time()+20)

class ShowHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write(self.get_cookie('k1'))



application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    (r"/home", HomeHandler),
    (r"/test", TestHandler),
    (r"/show", ShowHandler),
])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(9999)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

 

posted @ 2017-05-24 10:22  努力哥  阅读(1995)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报