MapReduce类型与格式(输入与输出)
一、输入格式
(1)输入分片记录
①JobClient通过指定的输入文件的格式来生成数据分片InputSplit;
②一个分片不是数据本身,而是可分片数据的引用;
③InputFormat接口负责生成分片;
源码位置:org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input包(新)
org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib 包(旧)
查看其中FileInputFormat类中的getSplits()方法;
computeSplitSize()函数决定分片大小;
各种输入类的结构关系图:
(2)文件输入
抽象类:FileInputFormat
①FileInputFormat是所有使用文件作为数据源的InputFormat实现的基类;
②FileInputFormat输入数据格式的分配大小由数据块大小决定;
抽象类:CombineFileInputFormat
①可以使用CombineFileInputFormat来合并小文件;
②因为CombineFileInputFormat是一个抽象类,使用的时候需要创建一个CombineFileInputFormat的实体类,并且实现getRecordReader()的方法;
③避免文件分割的方法:
A.数据块大小尽可能大,这样使文件的大小小于数据块的大小,就不用进行分片;
B.继承FileInputFormat,并且重载isSplitable()方法;
(3)文本输入
类名:TextInputFormat
①TextInputFormat是默认的InputFormat,每一行数据就是一条记录;
②TextInputFormat的key是LongWritable类型的,存储该行在整个文件的偏移量,value是每行的数据内容,Text类型;
③输入分片与HDFS数据块关系:TextInputFormat每一条记录就是一行,很有可能某一行跨数据块存放;
类名:KeyValueInputFormat类
可以通过key为行号的方式来知道记录的行号,并且可以通过key.value.separator.in.input设置key与value的分割符;
类名:NLineInputFormat类
可以设置每个mapper处理的行数,可以通过mapred.line.input.format.lienspermap属性设置;
(4)二进制输入
类名:SequenceFileInputFormat
SequenceFileAsTextInputFormat
SequenceFileAsBinaryInputFormat
由于SequenceFile能够支持Splittable,所以能够作为mapreduce输入文件的格式,能够很方便的得到已经含有,value>的分片;
(5)多文件输入
类名:MultipleInputs
①MultipleInputs能够提供多个输入数据类型;
②通过addInputPath()方法来设置多路径;
(6)数据库格式输入
类名:DBInputFormat
①DBInputFormat是一个使用JDBC并且从关系型数据库中读取数据的一种输入格式;
②避免过多的数据库连接;
③HBase中的TableInputFormat可以让MapReduce程序访问HBase表里的数据;
实验部分:
新建项目TestMRInputFormat,新建包com.mr,导入相关依赖包
实验①,以SequenceFile作为输入,故预先运行SequenceFileWriter.java产生一个b.seq文件;
新建类:TestInputFormat1.java(基于WordCount.java修改):
package com.mr;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;
public class TestInputFormat {
public static class TokenizerMapper
extends Mapper< IntWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(IntWritable key, Text value, Context context
) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
word.set(itr.nextToken());
context.write(word, one);
}
}
}
public static class IntSumReducer
extends Reducer {
private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
public void reduce(Text key, Iterable values,
Context context
) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
for (IntWritable val : values) {
sum += val.get();
}
result.set(sum);
context.write(key, result);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
if (otherArgs.length != 2) {
System.err.println("Usage: wordcount ");
System.exit(2);
}
Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
job.setJarByClass(TestInputFormat.class);
job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
job.setInputFormatClass(SequenceFileInputFormat.class);//输入格式的设定
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));
System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
}
}
Eclipse中运行,参数配置如下图:
输出统计结果如下:
实验②,多种来源输入:
TestInputFormat2.java:
package com.mr;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.MultipleInputs;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.SequenceFileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;
public class TestInputFormat2 {
public static class Mapper1 //第一个mapper类
extends Mapper<<font color="#ed1c24">LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context
) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
word.set(itr.nextToken());
context.write(word, one);
}
}
}
public static class Mapper2 extends //第二个mapper类
Mapper {
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
private Text word = new Text();
public void map(IntWritable key, Text value, Context context)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
word.set(itr.nextToken());
context.write(word, one);
}
}
}
public static class IntSumReducer
extends Reducer {
private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
public void reduce(Text key, Iterable values,
Context context
) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
for (IntWritable val : values) {
sum += val.get();
}
result.set(sum);
context.write(key, result);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
job.setJarByClass(TestInputFormat2.class);
job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
Path path1 = new Path("/a.txt");
Path path2 = new Path("/b.seq");
//多输入
MultipleInputs.addInputPath(job, path1,TextInputFormat.class, Mapper1.class);
MultipleInputs.addInputPath(job, path2,SequenceFileInputFormat.class, Mapper2.class);
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("/output2"));
System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
}
}
创建输入文本文件a.txt:
aaa bbb
ccc aaa
ddd eee
将项目打包为jar(不知道为什么eclipse中不能运行,还没找到原因,用jar命令可以运行):
File->Export->Runnable JAR file,命名jar文件为testMR.jar。
命令行中运行:
$hadoop jar testMR.jar com.mr.TestInputFormat2
输出统计结果如下:
二、输出格式
各种类关系结构图:
(1)文本输出
类名:TextOutputFormat
①默认的输出方式,key是LongWritable类型的,value是Text类型的;
②以“key \t value”的方式输出行;
(2)二进制输出
类名:SequenceFileOutputFormat
SequenceFileAsTextOutputFormat
SequenceFileAsBinaryOutputFormat
MapFileOutputFormat
(3)多文件输出
类名:MultipleOutputFormat
MultipleOutputs
区别:MultipleOutputs可以产生不同类型的输出;
(4)数据库输出
类名:DBOutputFormat
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4438ac090101qfuh.html