随笔- 5 文章- 2 评论- 1 阅读- 1661

Vue2 响应式原理小结

为了面试讲Vu2响应式的时候更顺利点，我想在需要提前准备一下：

Vue2.5.17 的源码

export class Observer {
  value: any;
  dep: Dep;
  vmCount: number; // number of vms that has this object as root $data
 
  constructor (value: any) {
    this.value = value
    this.dep = new Dep()
    this.vmCount = 0
    def(value, '__ob__', this) // 给入参加上 __ob__ 作为一个响应式的标志符号，随便指向Observer(被观测)对象本身
    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
      const augment = hasProto
        ? protoAugment
        : copyAugment
      augment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys)
      this.observeArray(value)
    } else {
      this.walk(value)
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Walk through each property and convert them into
   * getter/setters. This method should only be called when
   * value type is Object.
   */
  walk (obj: Object) {
    const keys = Object.keys(obj)
    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
      defineReactive(obj, keys[i])
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Observe a list of Array items.
   */
  observeArray (items: Array<any>) {
    for (let i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) {
      observe(items[i])
    }
  }
}

先说下Observer吧，Observer的构造函数吧，就是让一个(value 入参)对象拥有响应式能力，赋能的函数叫做 defineReactive，我们细聊一下 defineReactive。

export function defineReactive (
  obj: Object,
  key: string,
  val: any,
  customSetter?: ?Function,
  shallow?: boolean
) {
  const dep = new Dep()
 
  const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key)
  if (property && property.configurable === false) {
    return
  }
 
  // cater for pre-defined getter/setters
  const getter = property && property.get
  const setter = property && property.set
  if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) {
    val = obj[key]
  }
 
  let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)　　// 关键在于这里了
  Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: true,
    get: function reactiveGetter () {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      if (Dep.target) {
        dep.depend()
        if (childOb) {
          childOb.dep.depend()
          if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            dependArray(value)
          }
        }
      }
      return value
    },
    set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {
      const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
      /* eslint-disable no-self-compare */
      if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {
        return
      }
      /* eslint-enable no-self-compare */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) {
        customSetter()
      }
      if (setter) {
        setter.call(obj, newVal)
      } else {
        val = newVal
      }
      childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
      dep.notify()
    }
  })
}

1	`Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {???}) 侵入了一个对象的get set过程。对于get过程，Observe对象内部的成员dep ，它是一种Dep类型的对象，Dep呢，就是depend的缩写了，就是依赖的意思。`

1	`Dep有一个depend()函数,depend()函数呢，又是一个搜集的动作！这里具体的实现代码，就是向Dep.target 这个数组（池子）里面pushTarget了Dep类型的实例，具体可以看源码，就是 Dep.target.addDep(this)。然后就是Watcher对应addDep()方法，这是一个根据dep的id，来判断是否要进行收集的一个方法，已经收集过的dep不会被搜集。`

好了，说完了get，我们就来说set。我们可以看到 dep.notify()，相关的代码也是Dep类中定义的，关键就是subs[i].update()，subs数组是Dep类型对象中的成员变量，是subscription类型的集合，引申为订阅者(subscriber)合集。顾名思义，订阅者要接受消费者观察到的依赖分发。Vue2中定义的sub的类型是Watcher（观察者），在Dep中，subs属于观察者，观察Dep的动作。update()方法就涉及到了 Watcher下面的run()方法以及queueWatcher()一个是立刻执行了，一个是加入了队列，也就交给了我们喜闻乐见的调度器Scheduler。先说一下run()方法吧，也就是getAndInvoke(callback)方法吧，callback()。getAndInvoke执行了所观察(observe)对象的get()，pushTarget 然后 popTarget锁住Dep.target 池，中间过程就是触发了对象的新的值newValue的获取这个动作，连同着oldValue然后再执行了callback的本体回调。

对于渲染 watcher 而言，它在执行 this.get() 方法求值的时候，会执行 getter 方法：会触发组件重新渲染

updateComponent = () => {
  vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
}

new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
　　before () {
　　if (vm._isMounted) {
　　　　callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
　　}
}
}, true /* isRenderWatcher */)

接下里贴一下 Dep的代码：看看其他的功能

export default class Dep {
  static target: ?Watcher;
  id: number;
  subs: Array<Watcher>;
 
  constructor () {
    this.id = uid++
    this.subs = []
  }
 // 添加
  addSub (sub: Watcher) {
    this.subs.push(sub)
  }
//移除依赖
  removeSub (sub: Watcher) {
    remove(this.subs, sub)
  }
// 搜集依赖
  depend () {
    if (Dep.target) {
      Dep.target.addDep(this)
    }
  }
 
  notify () {
    // stabilize the subscriber list first
    const subs = this.subs.slice()
    for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {
      subs[i].update()
    }
  }
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

export default class Watcher {
  vm: Component;
  expression: string;
  cb: Function;
  id: number;
  deep: boolean;
  user: boolean;
  computed: boolean;
  sync: boolean;
  dirty: boolean;
  active: boolean;
  dep: Dep;
  deps: Array<Dep>;
  newDeps: Array<Dep>;
  depIds: SimpleSet;
  newDepIds: SimpleSet;
  before: ?Function;
  getter: Function;
  value: any;
 
  constructor (
    vm: Component,
    expOrFn: string | Function,
    cb: Function,
    options?: ?Object,
    isRenderWatcher?: boolean
  ) {
    this.vm = vm
    if (isRenderWatcher) {
      vm._watcher = this
    }
    vm._watchers.push(this)
    // options
    if (options) {
      this.deep = !!options.deep
      this.user = !!options.user
      this.computed = !!options.computed
      this.sync = !!options.sync
      this.before = options.before
    } else {
      this.deep = this.user = this.computed = this.sync = false
    }
    this.cb = cb
    this.id = ++uid // uid for batching
    this.active = true
    this.dirty = this.computed // for computed watchers
    this.deps = []
    this.newDeps = []
    this.depIds = new Set()
    this.newDepIds = new Set()
    this.expression = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
      ? expOrFn.toString()
      : ''
    // parse expression for getter
    if (typeof expOrFn === 'function') {
      this.getter = expOrFn
    } else {
      this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn)
      if (!this.getter) {
        this.getter = function () {}
        process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
          `Failed watching path: "${expOrFn}" ` +
          'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' +
          'For full control, use a function instead.',
          vm
        )
      }
    }
    if (this.computed) {
      this.value = undefined
      this.dep = new Dep()
    } else {
      this.value = this.get()
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Evaluate the getter, and re-collect dependencies.
   */
  get () {
    pushTarget(this)
    let value
    const vm = this.vm
    try {
      value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
    } catch (e) {
      if (this.user) {
        handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher "${this.expression}"`)
      } else {
        throw e
      }
    } finally {
      // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
      // dependencies for deep watching
      if (this.deep) {
        traverse(value)
      }
      popTarget()
      this.cleanupDeps()
    }
    return value
  }
 
  /**
   * Add a dependency to this directive.
   */
  addDep (dep: Dep) {
    const id = dep.id
    if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
      this.newDepIds.add(id)
      this.newDeps.push(dep)
      if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
        dep.addSub(this)
      }
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Clean up for dependency collection.
   */
  cleanupDeps () {
    let i = this.deps.length
    while (i--) {
      const dep = this.deps[i]
      if (!this.newDepIds.has(dep.id)) {
        dep.removeSub(this)
      }
    }
    let tmp = this.depIds
    this.depIds = this.newDepIds
    this.newDepIds = tmp
    this.newDepIds.clear()
    tmp = this.deps
    this.deps = this.newDeps
    this.newDeps = tmp
    this.newDeps.length = 0
  }
 
  /**
   * Subscriber interface.
   * Will be called when a dependency changes.
   */
  update () {
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (this.computed) {
      // A computed property watcher has two modes: lazy and activated.
      // It initializes as lazy by default, and only becomes activated when
      // it is depended on by at least one subscriber, which is typically
      // another computed property or a component's render function.
      if (this.dep.subs.length === 0) {
        // In lazy mode, we don't want to perform computations until necessary,
        // so we simply mark the watcher as dirty. The actual computation is
        // performed just-in-time in this.evaluate() when the computed property
        // is accessed.
        this.dirty = true
      } else {
        // In activated mode, we want to proactively perform the computation
        // but only notify our subscribers when the value has indeed changed.
        this.getAndInvoke(() => {
          this.dep.notify()
        })
      }
    } else if (this.sync) {
      this.run()
    } else {
      queueWatcher(this)
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Scheduler job interface.
   * Will be called by the scheduler.
   */
  run () {
    if (this.active) {
      this.getAndInvoke(this.cb)
    }
  }
 
  getAndInvoke (cb: Function) {
    const value = this.get()
    if (
      value !== this.value ||
      // Deep watchers and watchers on Object/Arrays should fire even
      // when the value is the same, because the value may
      // have mutated.
      isObject(value) ||
      this.deep
    ) {
      // set new value
      const oldValue = this.value
      this.value = value
      this.dirty = false
      if (this.user) {
        try {
          cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, this.vm, `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`)
        }
      } else {
        cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
      }
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Evaluate and return the value of the watcher.
   * This only gets called for computed property watchers.
   */
  evaluate () {
    if (this.dirty) {
      this.value = this.get()
      this.dirty = false
    }
    return this.value
  }
 
  /**
   * Depend on this watcher. Only for computed property watchers.
   */
  depend () {
    if (this.dep && Dep.target) {
      this.dep.depend()
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Remove self from all dependencies' subscriber list.
   */
  teardown () {
    if (this.active) {
      // remove self from vm's watcher list
      // this is a somewhat expensive operation so we skip it
      // if the vm is being destroyed.
      if (!this.vm._isBeingDestroyed) {
        remove(this.vm._watchers, this)
      }
      let i = this.deps.length
      while (i--) {
        this.deps[i].removeSub(this)
      }
      this.active = false
    }
  }
}