Maven使用

Maven

1 安装与使用

修改镜像源,增加 jar 包下载速度,比如使用阿里云的源,settings.xml:

<mirrors>
  <mirror>
    <id>alimaven</id>
    <name>aliyun maven</name>
    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
    <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>        
  </mirror>
</mirrors>

使用 archetype(原型) 插件,生成项目:

mvn -h

mvn archetype:generate  # interactive

mvn -B archetype:generate
  -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes \
  -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp \
  -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app \
  -DartifactId=my-app   # new project one line

执行命令示例:

# run task with lifecycle's phase
mvn install
mvn clean
mvn clean install
mvn clean install -U   # force refresh

# run task with goal directly
mvn default:install
mvn archetype:help

依赖相关命令:

mvn dependency:help

mvn dependency:list
mvn dependency:tree

mvn dependency:copy
mvn dependency:copy-dependencies
mvn dependency:copy-dependencies -DoutputDirectory=/tmp/xxx -DincludeScope=compile

# 坐标(coordinate): 'groupId:artifactId:version'

 

 生命周期(Lifecycle)

包括以下三种

  1. default,默认,用于构建项目:
  2. clean,用于清理
  3. site,用于搭建网站

default 是默认的生命周期(Lifecycle),它包括很多步骤(Phase),主要的有:

OrderPhase默认绑定的 Plugin:Goal
OrderPhase默认绑定的 Plugin:Goal
1 validate
2 compile resources:resources, compiler:compile
3 test resources:testResources, compiler:testCompile, surefire:test
4 package maven-war-plugin:3.2.0:war
5 verify
6 install maven-install-plugin:2.5.2:install
7 deploy maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy

它的调用方式为:

mvn install   # 将会依次调用 1-6 的 Phase,即执行每个 Phase 所绑定的 Goal
mvn compile   # 如果只想编译,并不想测试、打包、安装,那么只需要执行到 compile 即可

另外,clean 用于清理,包括以下 phase:

  • pre-clean
  • clean
  • post-clean

site 生命周期的 phase 有:

  • pre-site
  • site
  • post-site
  • site-deploy

 

POM 参考

https://maven.apache.org/pom.html#What_is_the_POM

 

 POM(Project Object Model) 示例:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <!-- The Basics -->
  <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <packaging>jar/war</packaging>

  <parent>...</parent>
  <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>

  <!-- Project Settings -->
  <modules>
    <module>xxx</module>
    <module>yyy</module>
  </modules>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
    <xxx.version>1.22222</xxx.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12 | [1.0] | (,1.2] | (,1.0],[1.2,) | LATEST | ${xxx.version}</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>compile/provided/runtime/test/system</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>tgroupid</groupId>
          <artifactId>af</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <!-- Build Settings -->
  <build>...</build>
  <reporting>...</reporting>

  <!-- More Project Information -->
  <name>...</name>
  <description>...</description>
  <url>...</url>
  <inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear>
  <licenses>...</licenses>
  <organization>...</organization>
  <developers>...</developers>
  <contributors>...</contributors>

  <!-- Environment Settings -->
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>springsource-repo</id>
      <name>SpringSource Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.springsource.org/release</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <distributionManagement>
    <repository>
      <id>mycompany-repository</id>
      <name>MyCompany Repository</name>
      <url>scp://repository.mycompany.com/repository/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </distributionManagement>
  <issueManagement>...</issueManagement>
  <ciManagement>...</ciManagement>
  <mailingLists>...</mailingLists>
  <scm>...</scm>
  <prerequisites>...</prerequisites>
  <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
  <profiles>...</profiles>
</project>

Build Configuration:

<build>
  <finalName>xxx</finalName>

  <filters>
    <filter>src/main/filters/filter.properties</filter>
  </filters>

  <resources>
    <resource>
      <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
      <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
  </resources>

  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>3.3</version>
      <configuration>
        <source>1.8</source>
        <target>1.8</target>
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

 插件配置示例

插件分为两类:

  • build plugin
  • reporting plugin

配置示例:

<plugins>
  <plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-myquery-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <configuration>
      <!-- 配置参数 -->
    </configuration>

    <dependencies>
      <!-- 配置依赖 -->
    </dependencies>

    <executions>
      <!-- 参与 lifecycle -->
      <execution>
        <id>execution1</id>
        <phase>test</phase>
        <goals>
          <goal>query</goal>
        </goals>
        <configuration>
          <url>http://www.foo.com/query</url>
          <timeout>10</timeout>
          <options><option>one</option><option>two</option><option>three</option></options>
        </configuration>
      </execution>

      <execution>
        <id>execution2</id>
        <goals><goal>query</goal></goals>
      </execution>

    </executions>
  </plugin>

  <plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
    <executions>
      <execution>
        <id>echodir</id>
        <goals>
          <goal>run</goal>
        </goals>
        <phase>verify</phase>
        <inherited>false</inherited>
        <configuration>
          <tasks>
            <echo>Build Dir: ${project.build.directory}</echo>
          </tasks>
        </configuration>
      </execution>
    </executions>
  </plugin>
</plugins>

插件 

TOMCAT插件:

<plugin>   
  <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>   
  <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>   
  <version>2.2</version>   
  <configuration>      
    <hostName>localhost</hostName>    <!-- Default: localhost -->  
    <port>8080</port>                 <!-- Default: 8080 --> 
    <path>/ccc</path>                 <!-- Default: /${project.artifactId}-->  
    <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>  <!-- Default: ISO-8859-1 -->
  </configuration>
</plugin>

 

运行:

mvn tomcat7:run
mvn tomcat7:help
mvn tomcat7:deploy/undeply/redeploy

 

posted @ 2018-12-06 11:01  随★风  阅读(499)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报