《转》python学习(5)--数据类型
转自 http://www.cnblogs.com/BeginMan/archive/2013/06/08/3125876.html
一、标准类型函数
cmp():比较大小
str():转换为字符串
type():类型
cmp (...) cmp (x, y) - > integer Return negative(负数) if x<y, zero( 0 ) if x = = y, positive(正数) if x>y. |
如下:
>>> cmp ( 5 , 3.2 ) 1 >>> cmp ( 3.5 , 8 ) - 1 |
二、转换工厂函数
存在精度损失
>>> int ( 1.847 ) 1 >>> long ( 42 ) 42L >>> float ( 42 ) 42.0 >>> complex ( 42 ) ( 42 + 0j ) >>> complex ( 2.4 , - 8 ) ( 2.3999999999999999 - 8j ) |
三、功能函数
用于数值运算:asb()、coerce()、divmod()、pow()、round()
asb():absolute:绝对的;完全的;专制的;n:绝对值
>>> abs ( - 1 ) 1 |
coerce():vt. 强制,迫使,
类型转换,但是提供了不依赖python解释器而是通过自定义两个数值类型转换。返回一个元祖,存在强制行为。
coerce(...)
coerce(x, y) -> (x1, y1)
Return a tuple consisting of the two numeric arguments converted to
a common type, using the same rules as used by arithmetic operations.
If coercion is not possible, raise TypeError.
>>> coerce ( 1 , 2 ) ( 1 , 2 ) >>> coerce ( 1.2 , 2l ) ( 1.2 , 2.0 ) >>> coerce ( 1.2 , 2 ) ( 1.2 , 2.0 ) >>> coerce ( 1 , 2.3 ) ( 1.0 , 2.2999999999999998 ) >>> coerce ( 1j , 123 ) ( 1j , ( 123 + 0j )) |
divmod():.divmod 整除求余、返回包含商和余数的元祖
>>> divmod ( 10 , 3 ) ( 3 , 1 ) >>> divmod ( 3 , 10 ) ( 0 , 3 ) >>> divmod ( 10 , 2.5 ) ( 4.0 , 0.0 ) |
pow():power of a number:指数的意思
pow()与**都可以实现指数运算,pow()先出生些。
>>> pow ( 2 , 5 ) 32 >>> 2 * * 5 32 |
round():四舍五入
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits]) -> floating point number
Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This always returns a floating point number. Precision may be negative.
>>> round ( 1.234 , 2 ) 1.23 >>> round ( 3.14 ) 3.0 >>> for each in range ( 10 ): print round (math.pi,each) 3.0 3.1 3.14 3.142 3.1416 3.14159 3.141593 3.1415927 3.14159265 3.141592654 |
四、仅用于整数的函数
oct():octonary number system 八进制字符串形式
>>> oct ( 255 ) '0377' |
hex():hexadecimal number system十六进制字符串形式
>>> hex ( 255 ) '0xff' |
ASCII码转换函数
ord():ordinal:序数,将字符转换成对应整数值
>>> ord ( 'A' ) 65 |
chr():char: 单个字符,数字对应当个ASCII字符
>>> chr ( 65 ) 'A' |
五、操作符
>>> x> = 80 and x< = 100 True >>> 80 < = x< = 100 True - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 总是写错: >>> 80 = |
六、致用
1、分数等级
def
result(x):
dic
=
{
9
:
'A'
,
8
:
'B'
,
7
:
'C'
,
6
:
'D'
}
myre
=int(
x)
/
10
for
obj
in
sorted
(dic.keys(),reverse
=
True
): #True 和False 表示是否逆序
if
myre>
=
obj:
out
=
dic[obj]
break
else
:
out
=
'F'
return
out
if
__name__
=
=
"__main__"
:
sorce
=
input
(
'Enter your sorce:'
)
print
'level:%s'
%
result(sorce)