linux qemu GPU加速

无须独占显卡的virtio方式有2种：

• qemu+各种驱动
• docker/podman(distrobox) + nvidia/vulkan

qemu教程: https://tm23forest.com/contents/how-to-enable-virtio-gpu-venus-on-qemu-explained
dockerGPU教程：https://tanjoe.github.io/posts/在容器内使用显卡进行渲染/
现状: https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2025/01/15/the-state-of-gfx-virtualization-using-virglrenderer/
需要nvidia 570???: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/virgl/virglrenderer/-/issues/524
hacker news: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42392802

了解

• Venus VirtIO驱动: 一种用于 Vulkan 命令序列化的 Virtio-GPU 协议。协议定义和 codegen 托管在 venus-protocol 上。渲染器托管在 virglrenderer 中。
  qemu≤9.0: https://github.com/TrippleXC/VenusPatches
  qemu≥9.2: https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/venus.html

• virGL: 一个用于虚拟机的 Gallium 驱动程序，它使用 Virtio DRM 驱动程序，DRM 驱动程序将与来自 QEMU 的虚拟 GPU 通信，而 QEMU 将使用 Virglrenderer 提供所有渲染。 无法在虚拟机之外使用 VIRGL。

• Zink: openGL转译vulkan. 一个分层的 Gallium 驱动程序，它将所有 Gallium API 调用转换为 Vulkan 调用，其方式与将 NIR 着色器从 Gallium API 转换为 SPIR-V Vulkan 着色器的方式相同。

• MoltenVK: vulkan转译molten，苹果的gpu底层

• openGL: 加速游戏渲染

• openCL: 加速物理/AI计算 https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/31634

  • VCL: https://www.qualcomm.com/developer/blog/2024/10/vcl-virtio-gpu-opencl-driver
  • RustiCL + Zink
  • RustiCL + 原生上下文
  • CLVK

编译qemu 9.2.0

https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/venus.html

sudo apt install -y \
    bison clang cmake device-tree-compiler flex git iasl libaio-dev libbluetooth-dev libbpfcc-dev \
    libbpf-dev libbrlapi-dev libbz2-dev libcacard-dev libcap-ng-dev libcapstone-dev libcbor-dev \
    libcurl4-gnutls-dev libdaxctl-dev libdwarf-dev libdw-dev libfdt-dev libfuse3-dev libglib2.0-dev \
    libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
    libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libgvnc-1.0-dev libibverbs-dev libiscsi-dev \
    libjack-dev libjpeg8-dev libkeyutils-dev liblzo2-dev libncurses5-dev libnfs-dev libnuma-dev \
    libpixman-1-dev libpmem2-dev libpmemblk-dev libpmem-dev libpmemlog-dev \
    libpmemobj-dev libpmempool-dev librbd-dev librdmacm-dev libsasl2-dev libsdl2-dev \
    libseccomp-dev libslirp-dev libsnappy-dev libspice-protocol-dev libspice-server-dev libssh-dev \
    liburing-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libusbredirhost-dev libusbredirparser-dev libvde-dev libvdeplug-dev \
    libvdeslirp-dev libvte-2.91-dev libxen-dev libzstd-dev mesa-vulkan-drivers meson ninja-build \
    pkg-config python3 python3-tomli python3-venv valgrind vulkan-validationlayers xfslibs-dev