Linux - K8S - RBAC

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# 3.安全机制   ## 3.1 SA   ```sh # 创建测试SA，我们发现一个SA有相对应的secrets [19:25:06 root@master1 security]#kubectl create -f - <<EOF > apiVersion: v1 > kind: ServiceAccount > metadata: >   name: build-robot > EOF serviceaccount/build-robot created   [20:12:17 root@master1 security]#kubectl get sa,secrets NAME                         SECRETS   AGE serviceaccount/build-robot   1         7m39s serviceaccount/default       1         21d   NAME                             TYPE                                  DATA   AGE secret/build-robot-token-rwfsb   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      7m39s secret/default-token-zjxfd       kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      21d     # 结合pod测试 [20:20:52 root@master1 security]#cat robot.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata:   name: nginx spec:   containers:   - image: 10.0.0.55:80/mykubernetes/nginx:1.21.3     name: nginx     volumeMounts:     - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount       name: build-robot-token-rwfsb   serviceAccountName: build-robot   volumes:   - name: build-robot-token-rwfsb     projected:       sources:       - serviceAccountToken:           path: build-robot-token-rwfsb           expirationSeconds: 7200     [20:20:44 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe pod nginx Name:         nginx Namespace:    default Priority:     0 Node:         node2.noisedu.cn/10.0.0.54 Start Time:   Sun, 02 Jan 2022 20:20:44 +0800 Labels:       <none> Annotations:  cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: 87d85747bcce0bce508455b4697e8ed2e6b387c3ef2511a7bd735fd288f5af13               cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.244.4.4/32               cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.244.4.4/32 Status:       Running IP:           10.244.4.4 IPs:   IP:  10.244.4.4 Containers:   nginx:     Container ID:   docker://66696744862f0e95efaf6eda484df98deb96967ccb2d7ef79c284c47fc09b09f     Image:          10.0.0.55:80/mykubernetes/nginx:1.21.3     Image ID:       docker-pullable://10.0.0.55:80/mykubernetes/nginx@sha256:4424e31f2c366108433ecca7890ad527b243361577180dfd9a5bb36e828abf47     Port:           <none>     Host Port:      <none>     State:          Running       Started:      Sun, 02 Jan 2022 20:20:46 +0800     Ready:          True     Restart Count:  0     Environment:    <none>     Mounts:       /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from build-robot-token-rwfsb (rw) Conditions:   Type              Status   Initialized       True   Ready             True   ContainersReady   True   PodScheduled      True Volumes:   build-robot-token-rwfsb:     Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)     TokenExpirationSeconds:  7200 QoS Class:                   BestEffort Node-Selectors:              <none> Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s                              node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s Events:   Type    Reason     Age   From               Message   ----    ------     ----  ----               -------   Normal  Scheduled  8s    default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx to node2.noisedu.cn   Normal  Pulled     7s    kubelet            Container image "10.0.0.55:80/mykubernetes/nginx:1.21.3" already present on machine   Normal  Created    6s    kubelet            Created container nginx   Normal  Started    6s    kubelet            Started container nginx         ```   ## 3.2 UA   ### user account 至少分为三个部分：   ####    用户条目 - credentials设定具体的user account名称   ####    集群 - cluster 设定该user account所工作的区域   ####    上下文环境 - context 设定用户和集群的关系   ```sh [16:34:11 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config view apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.70:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: - context:     cluster: kubernetes     user: kubernetes-admin   name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: kubernetes-admin   user:     client-certificate-data: REDACTED     client-key-data: REDACTED   ```   #### 创建UA的流程主要是分为7个步骤,最后的结果和上面类似.    1. #### 创建私钥       ```sh     [17:02:17 root@master1 security]#cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/           [17:03:35 root@master1 pki]#umask 077; openssl genrsa -out noiselys.key 2048     Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)     ..................................................................................+++++     ..+++++     e is 65537 (0x010001)           [17:04:14 root@master1 pki]#ll     total 72     drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan  3 17:04 ./     drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 12 00:18 ../     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1294 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver.crt     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1155 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-etcd-client.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-etcd-client.key     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver.key     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1164 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-kubelet-client.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-kubelet-client.key     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1066 Dec 11 23:29 ca.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 11 23:29 ca.key     drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 23:29 etcd/     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Dec 11 23:29 front-proxy-ca.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 11 23:29 front-proxy-ca.key     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1119 Dec 12 00:18 front-proxy-client.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 12 00:18 front-proxy-client.key     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jan  3 17:04 noiselys.key     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 11 23:29 sa.key     -rw------- 1 root root  451 Dec 11 23:29 sa.pub           ```            2. #### 基于私钥文件创建证书签名请求       ```sh     [17:04:17 root@master1 pki]#openssl req -new -key noiselys.key -out noiselys.csr -subj "/CN=noiselys/O=noiselys"     Can't load /root/.rnd into RNG     140623717016000:error:2406F079:random number generator:RAND_load_file:Cannot open file:../crypto/rand/randfile.c:88:Filename=/root/.rnd           # 若是报这个error，可执行下面     [17:07:23 root@master1 pki]#cd /root     [17:08:00 root@master1 ~]#openssl rand -writerand .rnd           # 再次生成证书签名文件     [17:08:29 root@master1 pki]#rm -f noiselys.csr     [17:08:35 root@master1 pki]#openssl req -new -key noiselys.key -out noiselys.csr -subj "/CN=noiselys/O=noiselys"           [17:08:41 root@master1 pki]#ll     total 76     drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan  3 17:08 ./     drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 12 00:18 ../     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1294 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver.crt     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1155 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-etcd-client.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-etcd-client.key     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver.key     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1164 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-kubelet-client.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 12 00:18 apiserver-kubelet-client.key     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1066 Dec 11 23:29 ca.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 11 23:29 ca.key     drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 23:29 etcd/     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Dec 11 23:29 front-proxy-ca.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 11 23:29 front-proxy-ca.key     -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1119 Dec 12 00:18 front-proxy-client.crt     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Dec 12 00:18 front-proxy-client.key     -rw------- 1 root root  915 Jan  3 17:08 noiselys.csr     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jan  3 17:04 noiselys.key     -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Dec 11 23:29 sa.key     -rw------- 1 root root  451 Dec 11 23:29 sa.pub                 ```            3. #### 基于私钥和签名请求生产证书文件       ```sh     [17:09:32 root@master1 pki]#openssl x509 -req -in noiselys.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out noiselys.crt -days 365     Signature ok     subject=CN = noiselys, O = noiselys     Getting CA Private Key     [17:11:44 root@master1 pki]#ll noise*     -rw------- 1 root root 1017 Jan  3 17:11 noiselys.crt     -rw------- 1 root root  915 Jan  3 17:08 noiselys.csr     -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jan  3 17:04 noiselys.key           [17:11:49 root@master1 pki]#openssl x509 -in noiselys.crt -text -noout     Certificate:         Data:             Version: 1 (0x0)             Serial Number:                 45:60:a7:2a:61:6f:67:25:67:ed:2a:8f:6f:77:0b:f9:55:4c:b7:6c             Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption             Issuer: CN = kubernetes             Validity                 Not Before: Jan  3 09:11:44 2022 GMT                 Not After : Jan  3 09:11:44 2023 GMT             Subject: CN = noiselys, O = noiselys             Subject Public Key Info:                 Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption                     RSA Public-Key: (2048 bit)                     Modulus:                         00:e4:d1:fd:14:84:5f:f4:e6:5c:87:c3:c0:8e:f0:                         8c:dc:16:c7:b3:76:42:46:a6:5d:ab:a2:3f:7a:25:                         3d:92:64:af:49:27:ab:49:97:c4:ae:89:79:f5:a8:                         60:40:b6:b2:44:bc:87:fd:79:75:0f:7e:99:6f:e0:                         bd:fe:59:e4:6d:52:82:64:bd:a5:f5:b2:27:39:72:                         fb:57:25:8c:54:f1:ce:93:d4:59:18:02:ae:d0:31:                         33:07:1e:70:ee:e2:db:0b:31:26:c6:a7:64:a0:99:                         5f:a7:57:17:09:98:d9:e4:12:a4:89:e6:fe:33:61:                         f7:14:7c:b6:be:9d:5c:0d:57:32:b4:c1:2b:48:db:                         97:ec:7a:64:f0:17:63:b3:35:16:4d:b5:ff:0d:69:                         09:55:3b:7f:ea:2b:a2:62:54:37:1c:43:94:e8:c6:                         f2:cb:63:85:76:61:71:1d:5b:98:ab:46:c9:4a:b1:                         68:7e:ea:a0:fb:bc:b1:ba:16:f1:65:82:43:bc:56:                         27:51:03:f3:9b:bd:c3:7d:f6:6a:eb:65:41:88:51:                         08:21:36:c7:c3:ec:91:fc:8a:5c:5e:ea:fe:c0:46:                         7a:18:69:8a:9e:cb:5a:cf:de:cc:e6:16:22:dd:96:                         ca:bb:4d:fb:ed:44:e8:59:14:b8:ab:59:a3:c6:8d:                         52:57                     Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)         Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption              bb:61:ef:ad:91:da:b7:ac:45:c2:f0:6e:f8:a0:f4:66:06:aa:              cd:e1:db:4c:a3:43:24:20:88:45:86:3e:1c:5f:88:9b:85:d1:              70:52:47:13:fa:ba:e1:87:2a:08:b1:a8:fe:5a:5f:7a:01:46:              b4:6d:9a:fd:2c:14:6b:eb:23:b1:a6:31:2f:7b:2d:da:9f:04:              fa:f5:19:f1:d9:41:5b:0a:7b:3e:b7:b9:3b:32:b2:12:cc:04:              38:4c:1f:63:df:c9:c5:d5:82:38:a2:7c:5f:27:9f:94:46:3c:              cb:c1:32:6c:ed:c5:02:b4:2f:bf:9f:b7:66:24:18:f0:a7:80:              71:68:5a:4f:30:02:f3:ef:fb:0b:9f:2b:ce:b1:59:8d:f7:d3:              8a:92:88:2e:9c:16:91:17:ec:b7:4c:2a:87:81:c5:f9:30:ed:              94:dd:b2:b2:29:fb:86:f1:db:7f:11:d3:ea:ac:46:a3:bb:65:              ac:84:cc:04:77:7b:3d:70:bf:34:f5:59:b0:4b:b4:fa:af:8d:              2b:d0:83:aa:cc:7f:0a:68:d0:a8:40:3a:5c:fe:e7:cc:45:5e:              0f:dd:01:42:69:3b:9d:40:d0:a0:95:ff:42:42:cf:6b:4e:8a:              00:d3:4c:bb:37:57:65:51:2a:10:0a:15:33:2d:58:2f:a9:d4:              50:d7:c3:b4           ```            4. #### 基于tls文件在k8s上创建用户       ```sh     [17:12:30 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config set-credentials noiselys --client-certificate=noiselys.crt --client-key=noiselys.key --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     User "noiselys" set.     [17:15:11 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     apiVersion: v1     clusters: null     contexts: null     current-context: ""     kind: Config     preferences: {}     users:     - name: noiselys       user:         client-certificate-data: REDACTED         client-key-data: REDACTED           ```            5. #### 创建工作区域 - cluster       ```shell     [17:16:54 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config set-cluster mycluster --server="https://10.0.0.70:6443" --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     Cluster "mycluster" set.     [17:20:23 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     apiVersion: v1     clusters:     - cluster:         certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED         server: https://10.0.0.70:6443       name: mycluster     contexts: null     current-context: ""     kind: Config     preferences: {}     users:     - name: noiselys       user:         client-certificate-data: REDACTED         client-key-data: REDACTED           ```            6. #### 将cluster和user关联起来 - context       ```shell     [17:20:39 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config set-context noiselys@mycluster --cluster=mycluster --user=noiselys --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     Context "noiselys@mycluster" created.     [17:22:37 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     apiVersion: v1     clusters:     - cluster:         certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED         server: https://10.0.0.70:6443       name: mycluster     contexts:     - context:         cluster: mycluster         user: noiselys       name: noiselys@mycluster     current-context: ""     kind: Config     preferences: {}     users:     - name: noiselys       user:         client-certificate-data: REDACTED         client-key-data: REDACTED           ```            7. #### 验证结果       ```sh     # 上面的current-context是空，我们需要切换一下用户     [17:24:53 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config use-context noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     Switched to context "noiselys@mycluster".     [17:25:01 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     apiVersion: v1     clusters:     - cluster:         certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED         server: https://10.0.0.70:6443       name: mycluster     contexts:     - context:         cluster: mycluster         user: noiselys       name: noiselys@mycluster     current-context: noiselys@mycluster     kind: Config     preferences: {}     users:     - name: noiselys       user:         client-certificate-data: REDACTED         client-key-data: REDACTED               # 但是关于权限我们还未设置，所以无法得到资源信息     [17:25:09 root@master1 pki]#kubectl get pod --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf     Error from server (Forbidden): pods is forbidden: User "noiselys" cannot list resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "default"           # 关于查看conf，我们有三种方法，从下面可以看出,推荐第一种     # 如果想多个配置文件并行，可以加入到环境变量KUBECONFIG，用：隔开     [17:26:05 root@master1 pki]#kubectl config --help     Modify kubeconfig files using subcommands like "kubectl config set current-context my-context"            The loading order follows these rules:             1.  If the --kubeconfig flag is set, then only that file is loaded. The flag may only be set once and no merging takes     place.       2.  If $KUBECONFIG environment variable is set, then it is used as a list of paths (normal path delimiting rules for     your system). These paths are merged. When a value is modified, it is modified in the file that defines the stanza. When     a value is created, it is created in the first file that exists. If no files in the chain exist, then it creates the     last file in the list.       3.  Otherwise, ${HOME}/.kube/config is used and no merging takes place.                 ```           ## RBAC授权控制   ### 默认的api-server属性   ```sh [22:43:21 root@master1 pki]#cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata:   annotations:     kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 10.0.0.50:6443   creationTimestamp: null   labels:     component: kube-apiserver     tier: control-plane   name: kube-apiserver   namespace: kube-system spec:   containers:   - command:     - kube-apiserver     - --advertise-address=10.0.0.50     - --allow-privileged=true     - --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC   ```   ## RBAC简单实践   ### 建立一个role，可以允许用户操作deployment，pod，rs的所有权限   ```sh [14:06:33 root@master1 security]#cat 02-security-myrole.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata:   name: myrole rules: - apiGroups: ["", "extensions", "apps"]   resources: ["pods", "deployments", "replicasets"]   verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"] [14:06:35 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 02-security-myrole.yaml role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/myrole created [14:08:07 root@master1 security]#kubectl get role NAME     CREATED AT myrole   2022-01-09T06:08:07Z [14:08:12 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe role myrole Name:         myrole Labels:       <none> Annotations:  <none> PolicyRule:   Resources               Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs   ---------               -----------------  --------------  -----   deployments             []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   pods                    []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   replicasets             []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   deployments.apps        []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   pods.apps               []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   replicasets.apps        []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   deployments.extensions  []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   pods.extensions         []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   replicasets.extensions  []                 []              [get list watch create update patch delete]   ```   ### 建立role和ua之间的关联rolebinding   ``` ^[[A^[[B[14:12:13 root@master1 security]#cat 03-security-rolebinding.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata:   name: noiselys-myrole roleRef:   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: Role   name: myrole subjects: - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: User   name: noiselys [14:13:08 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 03-security-rolebinding.yaml rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/noiselys-myrole created [14:13:15 root@master1 security]#kubectl get rolebindings NAME              ROLE          AGE noiselys-myrole   Role/myrole   32s [14:13:47 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe rolebindings noiselys-myrole Name:         noiselys-myrole Labels:       <none> Annotations:  <none> Role:   Kind:  Role   Name:  myrole Subjects:   Kind  Name      Namespace   ----  ----      ---------   User  noiselys      # 此时，我们默认的namespace为default [14:14:17 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pods --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf No resources found in default namespace. [14:17:36 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pods -n kube-system --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf Error from server (Forbidden): pods is forbidden: User "noiselys" cannot list resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "kube-system"   # 检查资源对象的权限范围,我们前面定义role只包含了pod，deployment，rs。 [14:19:54 root@master1 security]#kubectl get deployments --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf No resources found in default namespace. [14:19:59 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pod --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf No resources found in default namespace. [14:20:04 root@master1 security]#kubectl get rs --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf No resources found in default namespace. [14:20:09 root@master1 security]#kubectl get secrets --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf Error from server (Forbidden): secrets is forbidden: User "noiselys" cannot list resource "secrets" in API group "" in the namespace "default"   # ```   ### 集群绑定，cluster级别的主要涉及clusterrole和clusterrolebinding，以此可以操作多个namespace   ``` [14:22:43 root@master1 security]#cat 04-security-myclusterrole.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata:   name: myclusterrole rules: - apiGroups: [""]   resources: ["pods"]   verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] [14:23:36 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 04-security-myclusterrole.yaml clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/myclusterrole created [14:24:38 root@master1 security]#kubectl get clusterrole | grep mycluster myclusterrole                                                          2022-01-09T06:24:31Z [14:24:59 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe clusterrole myclusterrole Name:         myclusterrole Labels:       <none> Annotations:  <none> PolicyRule:   Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs   ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----   pods       []                 []              [get list watch]   ```   ### 建立完clusterrole，我们就可以跟着进行角色绑定，注意clusterrolebinding仅仅允许集群角色进行和其绑定，普通的role无效   ``` [14:28:35 root@master1 security]#cat 05-security-myclusterrolebinding.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata:   name: myclusterrolebinding roleRef:   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: ClusterRole   name: myclusterrole subjects: - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: User   name: noiselys [14:28:39 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 05-security-myclusterrolebinding.yaml clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/myclusterrolebinding created [14:29:07 root@master1 security]#kubectl get clusterrolebindings | grep my myclusterrolebinding                                   ClusterRole/myclusterrole  [14:29:11 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe clusterrolebindings myclusterrolebinding Name:         myclusterrolebinding Labels:       <none> Annotations:  <none> Role:   Kind:  ClusterRole   Name:  myclusterrole Subjects:   Kind  Name      Namespace   ----  ----      ---------   User  noiselys    # 检验，因为是集群角色，所以可以看到不同的namespace以及资源对象 [14:29:31 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pods --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf No resources found in default namespace. [14:30:26 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pods -n kube-system --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS         AGE calico-kube-controllers-6fb865d84f-4lhbz     1/1     Running   13 (5d15h ago)   28d calico-node-7hj44                            1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d calico-node-hk2r2                            1/1     Running   10 (5d15h ago)   28d calico-node-kmmwm                            1/1     Running   11 (5d15h ago)   28d calico-node-ns2ff                            1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d calico-node-qv7nn                            1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d coredns-76b4d8bc8f-d69q9                     1/1     Running   11 (5d15h ago)   28d coredns-76b4d8bc8f-ndsg9                     1/1     Running   11 (5d15h ago)   28d etcd-master1                                 1/1     Running   12 (5d15h ago)   28d etcd-master2.noisedu.cn                      1/1     Running   13 (5d15h ago)   28d etcd-master3.noisedu.cn                      1/1     Running   13 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-apiserver-master1                       1/1     Running   13 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-apiserver-master2.noisedu.cn            1/1     Running   14 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-apiserver-master3.noisedu.cn            1/1     Running   14 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-controller-manager-master1              1/1     Running   13 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-controller-manager-master2.noisedu.cn   1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d kube-controller-manager-master3.noisedu.cn   1/1     Running   8 (5d15h ago)    28d kube-proxy-6lw45                             1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d kube-proxy-9bjch                             1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d kube-proxy-b8g7m                             1/1     Running   10 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-proxy-bbrxh                             1/1     Running   5 (5d15h ago)    28d kube-proxy-pm6jk                             1/1     Running   11 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-scheduler-master1                       1/1     Running   12 (5d15h ago)   28d kube-scheduler-master2.noisedu.cn            1/1     Running   6 (5d15h ago)    28d kube-scheduler-master3.noisedu.cn            1/1     Running   6 (5d15h ago)    28d   ```   ## RBAC混合实验   ### 删除之前各种binding，只留下myclusterrole   ``` [14:37:44 root@master1 security]#kubectl get clusterrole | grep my myclusterrole                                                          2022-01-09T06:37:04Z ```   ### 通过rolebinding的clusterrole，只能访问role本身指定的namespace   ``` [14:37:51 root@master1 security]#cat 06-security-hunhebinding.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata:   name: hunherole roleRef:   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: ClusterRole   name: myclusterrole subjects: - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: User   name: wangss [14:39:07 root@master1 security]#vim 06-security-hunhebinding.yaml [14:39:25 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 06-security-hunhebinding.yaml rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/hunherole created [14:39:31 root@master1 security]#kubectl get rolebindings NAME        ROLE                        AGE hunherole   ClusterRole/myclusterrole   59s [14:40:30 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe rolebindings hunherole Name:         hunherole Labels:       <none> Annotations:  <none> Role:   Kind:  ClusterRole   Name:  myclusterrole Subjects:   Kind  Name      Namespace   ----  ----      ---------   User  noiselys  # 校验发现，只能访问default的namespace [14:40:46 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pods -n kube-system --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf Error from server (Forbidden): pods is forbidden: User "noiselys" cannot list resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "kube-system" [14:42:16 root@master1 security]#kubectl get pods --context=noiselys@mycluster --kubeconfig=/data/noiselys.conf No resources found in default namespace.   ```   ## 服务认证   ### 此次实验我们以dashboard为例，从网上下载官方的dashboard的yaml文件   ```http https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml 修改添加nodeport和本地镜像等。 ```   ```sh # 查看dashboard [15:07:56 root@master1 dashboard]#kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created service/kubernetes-dashboard created secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created Warning: spec.template.metadata.annotations[seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod]: deprecated since v1.19; use the "seccompProfile" field instead deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created   # 访问https://10.0.0.50:30443/#/login   ```      #### 为了更好的实验，我们提前删除dashboard默认的绑定   ```sh [15:23:41 root@master1 dashboard]#kubectl delete clusterrolebindings kubernetes-dashboard clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "kubernetes-dashboard" deleted ```   #### 第一步创建SA，以及创建基于clusterrolebinding的clusterrole   ```sh [15:30:24 root@master1 security]#cat 07-security-dashboard-admin.yaml kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata:   name: dashboard-admin   annotations:     rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true" roleRef:   kind: ClusterRole   name: cluster-admin   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount   name: dashboard-admin   namespace: kube-system   --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata:   name: dashboard-admin   namespace: kube-system   labels:     kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"     addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile [15:30:26 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 07-security-dashboard-admin.yaml clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created [15:31:34 root@master1 security]#kubectl get clusterrole,sa -o wide -n kube-system | grep dashboard clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard                                                   2022-01-09T07:08:07Z serviceaccount/dashboard-admin                      1         48s   # 用生成的secret的token尝试登录dashboard [15:31:52 root@master1 security]#kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep dashboard dashboard-admin-token-nkqkv                      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      3m15s [15:34:29 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-nkqkv -n kube-system Name:         dashboard-admin-token-nkqkv Namespace:    kube-system Labels:       <none> Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin               kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 89d47555-59b2-41d1-ba61-ad77d1f48b05   Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token   Data ==== ca.crt:     1066 bytes namespace:  11 bytes token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjJIcTUtNjJ0d1NBYVppekdsUFR6bFF2NkhBN3ZPajZWREd3aDZlXzMtYk0ifQ.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.d9JwS3W46tTneUnW2dy-FJcPXa22hhsk9H2f6htyP-NPAxRNpGt5bDiOAFHUVqgClRzG0BptzZvIwTFRCRgJkEK6Y3tihNXBBV-t4mSEY02bLmScOeZaO4m5DQXNVBTfEKpT7HYJqObHnyEdqmPpP2cOvQkKqrYwqDJnczkyhIA4Z-ZfYd7ep-cOYTnLQVM3dGKx0rTL9yRnlVnynHLUxYHLg0M7nbDYvtYo5A27BwlCXhxGL_ulB7UCkE6RUlrsaX6ZSuiA9eH4J38jesC1lYKdBpTRMNl6Bmh6N82LoUd1pb9Qgd6wE_BZA25P0TFyl_b-EL9Jm7l9_gNJHDAD_w   ```   #### 由于基于clusterrolebinding的clusterrole访问，所以我们可以看到所有的namespace我们都可以访问      ### 创建基于namespace的用户实践   ```sh [15:34:58 root@master1 security]#cat 08-security-dashboard-admin-ns.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata:   name: def-ns-admin   namespace: default --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata:   name: def-ns-admin   namespace: default roleRef:   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io   kind: ClusterRole   name: admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount   name: def-ns-admin   namespace: default [15:38:41 root@master1 security]#kubectl apply -f 08-security-dashboard-admin-ns.yaml serviceaccount/def-ns-admin created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/def-ns-admin created [15:48:24 root@master1 security]#kubectl get secrets NAME                       TYPE                                  DATA   AGE build-robot-secret         kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6d19h build-robot-token-rwfsb    kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6d19h def-ns-admin-token-d2slz   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      2m32s default-token-zjxfd        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      28d [15:50:19 root@master1 security]#kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-d2slz Name:         def-ns-admin-token-d2slz Namespace:    default Labels:       <none> Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-ns-admin               kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 27b2577d-acb1-42ad-8022-4549632b7b21   Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token   Data ==== ca.crt:     1066 bytes namespace:  7 bytes token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjJIcTUtNjJ0d1NBYVppekdsUFR6bFF2NkhBN3ZPajZWREd3aDZlXzMtYk0ifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1kMnNseiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiIyN2IyNTc3ZC1hY2IxLTQyYWQtODAyMi00NTQ5NjMyYjdiMjEiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.Wpyy-jEdXlwI95-wHbHwJL0hrTinktG4tZMT5dt9sDSR_eGs8fRTMK5FXz2BbwUslPbEDB6A58WTirQK40-HckrHeLshhHzuOu-T3MqDMdESRFrbfauXcQOf5FEGY1sFFX5aCO4YM17A6HBK3_m9t5plRzqdFqLVeT-BjWvyDtrZgl6eEGKLulPjlMPDDxkAGf6kN33t-XI3IRJ114aZvPsEEUakhwwrz9ymOFv_xQPNoZjRtQgYYH9oVkbdiKl9gzzyUTtA6sVDmmcfegtpOcwZTTuUoycVV1kcqeoUN2a9rcdHuBRI5Uy2jDZt7piSrCWXdtZmFsKA3S514_-8NA   ```   尝试用这个新的token访问dashboard,只有default的namespace可以访问      ### 基于文件方式的认证(clusterrolebinding)   ##### 集群设置   ```sh [16:01:39 root@master1 security]#kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --server="https://10.0.0.50:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf Cluster "kubernetes" set. [16:05:12 root@master1 security]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: null current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users: null   ```   ##### 用户配置   ```sh [16:05:27 root@master1 security]#kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep admin-token dashboard-admin-token-nkqkv                      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      34m [16:06:03 root@master1 security]#kubectl get secrets dashboard-admin-token-nkqkv -n kube-system -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjJIcTUtNjJ0d1NBYVppekdsUFR6bFF2NkhBN3ZPajZWREd3aDZlXzMtYk0ifQ.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.d9JwS3W46tTneUnW2dy-FJcPXa22hhsk9H2f6htyP-NPAxRNpGt5bDiOAFHUVqgClRzG0BptzZvIwTFRCRgJkEK6Y3tihNXBBV-t4mSEY02bLmScOeZaO4m5DQXNVBTfEKpT7HYJqObHnyEdqmPpP2cOvQkKqrYwqDJnczkyhIA4Z-ZfYd7ep-cOYTnLQVM3dGKx0rTL9yRnlVnynHLUxYHLg0M7nbDYvtYo5A27BwlCXhxGL_ulB7UCkE6RUlrsaX6ZSuiA9eH4J38jesC1lYKdBpTRMNl6Bmh6N82LoUd1pb9Qgd6wE_BZA25P0TFyl_b-EL9Jm7l9_gNJHDAD_w   [16:15:29 root@master1 security]#KUBENETES_DASHBOARD=$(kubectl get secrets dashboard-admin-token-nkqkv -n kube-system -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d) [16:15:51 root@master1 security]#kubectl config set-credentials kubeadmin --token=$KUBENETES_DASHBOARD --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf User "kubeadmin" set. [16:16:28 root@master1 security]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: null current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: kubeadmin   user:     token: REDACTED   ```   ##### 上下文配置   ```sh [16:17:31 root@master1 security]#kubectl config set-context kubeadmin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubeadmin --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf Context "kubeadmin@kubernetes" created. [16:20:57 root@master1 security]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: - context:     cluster: kubernetes     user: kubeadmin   name: kubeadmin@kubernetes current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: kubeadmin   user:     token: REDACTED       [16:25:10 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config use-context kubeadmin@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf Switched to context "kubeadmin@kubernetes". [16:25:33 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: - context:     cluster: kubernetes     user: kubeadmin   name: kubeadmin@kubernetes current-context: kubeadmin@kubernetes kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: kubeadmin   user:     token: REDACTED [16:25:50 root@master1 ~]#kubectl get sa --kubeconfig=/root/kubeadmin.conf NAME           SECRETS   AGE build-robot    1         6d20h def-ns-admin   1         38m default        1         28d   ```   ##### 登录测试   ```sh # 下载kubeadmin.conf，在浏览器测试 [16:26:22 root@master1 ~]#sz kubeadmin.conf ```             ### 基于文件方式的认证(单用户)   ##### 集群设置   ```sh [16:32:18 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --server="https://10.0.0.50:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf Cluster "kubernetes" set. [16:32:44 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: null current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users: null   ```       ##### 用户配置   ```sh [16:32:58 root@master1 ~]#kubectl get secrets NAME                       TYPE                                  DATA   AGE build-robot-secret         kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6d20h build-robot-token-rwfsb    kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      6d20h def-ns-admin-token-d2slz   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      47m default-token-zjxfd        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      28d [16:34:52 root@master1 ~]#kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-d2slz Name:         def-ns-admin-token-d2slz Namespace:    default Labels:       <none> Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-ns-admin               kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 27b2577d-acb1-42ad-8022-4549632b7b21   Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token   Data ==== ca.crt:     1066 bytes namespace:  7 bytes token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjJIcTUtNjJ0d1NBYVppekdsUFR6bFF2NkhBN3ZPajZWREd3aDZlXzMtYk0ifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1kMnNseiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiIyN2IyNTc3ZC1hY2IxLTQyYWQtODAyMi00NTQ5NjMyYjdiMjEiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.Wpyy-jEdXlwI95-wHbHwJL0hrTinktG4tZMT5dt9sDSR_eGs8fRTMK5FXz2BbwUslPbEDB6A58WTirQK40-HckrHeLshhHzuOu-T3MqDMdESRFrbfauXcQOf5FEGY1sFFX5aCO4YM17A6HBK3_m9t5plRzqdFqLVeT-BjWvyDtrZgl6eEGKLulPjlMPDDxkAGf6kN33t-XI3IRJ114aZvPsEEUakhwwrz9ymOFv_xQPNoZjRtQgYYH9oVkbdiKl9gzzyUTtA6sVDmmcfegtpOcwZTTuUoycVV1kcqeoUN2a9rcdHuBRI5Uy2jDZt7piSrCWXdtZmFsKA3S514_-8NA [16:35:03 root@master1 ~]#KUBENETES_DASHBOARD=$(kubectl get secrets def-ns-admin-token-d2slz -n kube-system -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d) Error from server (NotFound): secrets "def-ns-admin-token-d2slz" not found [16:35:29 root@master1 ~]#KUBENETES_DASHBOARD=$(kubectl get secrets def-ns-admin-token-d2slz -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d) [16:35:47 root@master1 ~]#echo $KUBENETES_DASHBOARD eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjJIcTUtNjJ0d1NBYVppekdsUFR6bFF2NkhBN3ZPajZWREd3aDZlXzMtYk0ifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1kMnNseiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiIyN2IyNTc3ZC1hY2IxLTQyYWQtODAyMi00NTQ5NjMyYjdiMjEiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.Wpyy-jEdXlwI95-wHbHwJL0hrTinktG4tZMT5dt9sDSR_eGs8fRTMK5FXz2BbwUslPbEDB6A58WTirQK40-HckrHeLshhHzuOu-T3MqDMdESRFrbfauXcQOf5FEGY1sFFX5aCO4YM17A6HBK3_m9t5plRzqdFqLVeT-BjWvyDtrZgl6eEGKLulPjlMPDDxkAGf6kN33t-XI3IRJ114aZvPsEEUakhwwrz9ymOFv_xQPNoZjRtQgYYH9oVkbdiKl9gzzyUTtA6sVDmmcfegtpOcwZTTuUoycVV1kcqeoUN2a9rcdHuBRI5Uy2jDZt7piSrCWXdtZmFsKA3S514_-8NA [16:35:54 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config set-credentials def-ns-admin --token=$KUBENETES_DASHBOARD --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf User "def-ns-admin" set. [16:36:40 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: null current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: def-ns-admin   user:     token: REDACTED   ```   ##### 上下文配置   ```sh [16:36:49 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config set-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=def-ns-admin --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf Context "def-ns-admin@kubernetes" created. [16:39:00 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: - context:     cluster: kubernetes     user: def-ns-admin   name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes current-context: "" kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: def-ns-admin   user:     token: REDACTED [16:39:16 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config use-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf Switched to context "def-ns-admin@kubernetes". [16:39:45 root@master1 ~]#kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster:     certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED     server: https://10.0.0.50:6443   name: kubernetes contexts: - context:     cluster: kubernetes     user: def-ns-admin   name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes current-context: def-ns-admin@kubernetes kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: def-ns-admin   user:     token: REDACTED [16:39:47 root@master1 ~]#kubectl get sa --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf NAME           SECRETS   AGE build-robot    1         6d20h def-ns-admin   1         52m default        1         28d   ```   ##### 登录测试   ```sh [16:40:17 root@master1 ~]#sz def-ns-admin.conf ```