实验7
实验任务4:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 10000 3 int main() 4 { 5 char ch; 6 int lines=0,i=0; 7 char str[N]; 8 FILE *fp; 9 fp = fopen("D:\\data4.txt", "r"); 10 if(!fp) 11 { 12 printf("fail to open file to read\n"); 13 return 0; 14 } 15 while(!feof(fp)) 16 { 17 fgets(str,N,fp); 18 lines++; 19 int j=0; 20 while(str[j]!='\0') 21 { 22 if(str[j]!=' '&&str[j]!='\n') 23 i++; 24 j++; 25 } 26 27 } 28 fclose(fp); 29 printf("data4.txt统计结果:\n"); 30 printf("行数:%d\n", lines); 31 printf("字符数(不计空白符):%d\n", i); 32 }
运行结果:
实验任务5:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 4 #define N 10 5 6 typedef struct { 7 long id; // 准考证号 8 char name[20]; // 姓名 9 float objective; // 客观题得分 10 float subjective; // 操作题得分 11 float sum; // 总分 12 char result[10]; // 考试结果 13 } STU; 14 15 // 函数声明 16 void read(STU st[], int n); 17 void write(STU st[], int n); 18 void output(STU st[], int n); 19 int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]); 20 21 int main() { 22 STU stu[N], stu_pass[N]; 23 int cnt; 24 double pass_rate; 25 26 printf("从文件读入%d个考生信息...\n", N); 27 read(stu, N); 28 29 printf("\n对考生成绩进行统计...\n"); 30 cnt = process(stu, N, stu_pass); 31 32 printf("\n通过考试的名单:\n"); 33 output(stu, N); // 输出所有考生完整信息到屏幕 34 write(stu, N); // 输出考试通过的考生信息到文件 35 36 pass_rate = 1.0 * cnt / N; 37 printf("\n本次等级考试通过率: %.2f%%\n", pass_rate*100); 38 39 return 0; 40 } 41 42 // 把所有考生完整信息输出到屏幕上 43 // 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,结果 44 void output(STU st[], int n) { 45 int i; 46 47 printf("准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t结果\n"); 48 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 49 printf("%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name, st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result); 50 } 51 52 // 从文本文件examinee.txt读入考生信息:准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分 53 void read(STU st[], int n) { 54 int i; 55 FILE *fin; 56 57 fin = fopen("D:\\examinee.txt", "r"); 58 if (!fin) { 59 printf("fail to open file\n"); 60 return; 61 } 62 63 while (!feof(fin)) { 64 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 65 fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %f %f", &st[i].id, st[i].name, &st[i].objective, &st[i].subjective); 66 } 67 68 fclose(fin); 69 } 70 71 // 把通过考试的考生完整信息写入文件list_pass.txt 72 // 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,结果 73 void write(STU st[], int n) { 74 int i; 75 FILE *fout; 76 fout = fopen("D:\\examinee.txt", "w"); 77 if (!fout) { 78 printf("fail to open file\n"); 79 return; 80 } 81 fprintf(fout,"%-10s %-10s %-20s %-20s %-20s %s\n","准考证号","姓名","客观题得分","操作题得分","总分","结果"); 82 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 83 { 84 if( st[i].sum >= 60) 85 fprintf(fout,"%-10ld %-10s %-20.2f %-20.2f %-20.2f %s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name, st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result); 86 } 87 fclose(fout); 88 } 89 // 对考生信息进行处理:计算每位考生考试总分、结果;统计考试通过的人数 90 int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]) { 91 int i,count=0; 92 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 93 st[i].sum = st[i].objective + st[i].subjective; 94 if( st[i].sum >= 60) 95 { 96 strcpy(st[i].result,"通过"); 97 count++; 98 } 99 else 100 { 101 strcpy(st[i].result,"未通过"); 102 } 103 } 104 return count; 105 }
运行结果:
实验任务6:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 #include <time.h> 5 typedef struct student{ 6 long id; 7 char name[20]; 8 char classes[20]; 9 }STU; 10 void read(STU st[]) 11 { 12 FILE *fp; 13 fp=fopen("D:\\list.txt","r"); 14 if (!fp) { 15 printf("fail to open file\n"); 16 return; 17 } 18 int i,number; 19 while (!feof(fp)) { 20 for (i = 0; i < 80; i++) 21 { 22 number=fscanf(fp, "%ld %s %s ", &st[i].id, st[i].name,st[i].classes); 23 if(number!=3) 24 break; 25 } 26 } 27 fclose(fp); 28 } 29 void select(STU st[]) 30 { 31 srand(time(NULL)); 32 int i,temp,count=0; 33 int selected[5]; 34 while(count<5) 35 { 36 int sign=1; 37 temp=rand()%80; 38 for(i=0;i<count;i++) 39 { 40 if(count==selected[i]) 41 { 42 sign=0; 43 break; 44 } 45 } 46 if(sign!=0) 47 { 48 selected[i]=temp; 49 count++; 50 } 51 } 52 char s[50]; 53 printf("------------随机抽点名单------------\n"); 54 for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 55 printf("%ld %-6s %s\n", st[selected[i]].id, st[selected[i]].name, st[selected[i]].classes); 56 } 57 printf("------------保存到文件------------\n输入文件名:"); 58 scanf("%s", s); 59 char name[1000]=""; 60 strcat(name,"D:\\"); 61 strcat(name,s); 62 FILE *fout = fopen(name, "w"); 63 if (!fout) { 64 printf("fail to open file \n"); 65 return; 66 } 67 for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 68 fprintf(fout, "%ld %-6s %s\n", st[selected[i]].id, st[selected[i]].name, st[selected[i]].classes); 69 } 70 fclose(fout); 71 printf("保存成功!\n"); 72 } 73 int main(){ 74 STU st[80]; 75 read(st); 76 select(st); 77 return 0; 78 }
运行结果:
选做:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 #include <time.h> 5 typedef struct student{ 6 long id; 7 char name[20]; 8 char classes[20]; 9 }STU; 10 void read(STU st[]) 11 { 12 FILE *fp; 13 fp=fopen("D:\\list.txt","r"); 14 if (!fp) { 15 printf("fail to open file\n"); 16 return; 17 } 18 int i,number; 19 while (!feof(fp)) { 20 for (i = 0; i < 80; i++) 21 { 22 number=fscanf(fp, "%ld %s %s ", &st[i].id, st[i].name,st[i].classes); 23 if(number!=3) 24 break; 25 } 26 } 27 fclose(fp); 28 } 29 void select(STU st[]) 30 { 31 srand(time(NULL)); 32 int i,temp,count=0,j; 33 int selected[5]; 34 while(count<5) 35 { 36 int sign=1; 37 temp=rand()%80; 38 for(i=0;i<count;i++) 39 { 40 if(count==selected[i]) 41 { 42 sign=0; 43 break; 44 } 45 } 46 if(sign!=0) 47 { 48 selected[i]=temp; 49 count++; 50 } 51 } 52 for (i=0;i<4;i++) 53 { 54 for(j=0;j<4-i;j++) 55 { 56 if(st[selected[j]].id>st[selected[j+1]].id) 57 { 58 STU s=st[selected[j]]; 59 st[selected[j]]=st[selected[j+1]]; 60 st[selected[j+1]]=s; 61 } 62 } 63 } 64 time_t t; 65 time(&t); 66 struct tm* p; 67 p = localtime(&t); 68 char ct[50]; 69 strftime(ct, sizeof(ct), "%Y%m%d", p); 70 printf("---------%s随机抽点名单---------\n",ct); 71 for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 72 printf("%ld %-6s %s\n", st[selected[i]].id, st[selected[i]].name, st[selected[i]].classes); 73 } 74 char name[1000]=""; 75 strcat(name,"D:\\"); 76 strcat(name,ct); 77 strcat(name,".txt"); 78 FILE *fout = fopen(name, "w"); 79 if (!fout) { 80 printf("fail to open file \n"); 81 return; 82 } 83 for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 84 fprintf(fout, "%ld %-6s %s\n", st[selected[i]].id, st[selected[i]].name, st[selected[i]].classes); 85 } 86 fclose(fout); 87 printf("文件保存成功!\n"); 88 } 89 int main(){ 90 STU st[80]; 91 read(st); 92 select(st); 93 return 0; 94 }
运行结果:
附页:
实验任务1:
源代码:
1 // 文件读写操作:格式化读、写文本文件 2 #include <stdio.h> 3 4 #define N 80 5 #define M 100 6 7 typedef struct { 8 char name[N]; // 书名 9 char author[N]; // 作者 10 } Book; 11 12 void write(); 13 void read(); 14 15 int main() { 16 printf("测试1: 把图书信息写入文本文件\n"); 17 write(); 18 19 printf("\n测试2: 从文本文件读取图书信息, 打印输出到屏幕\n"); 20 read(); 21 22 return 0; 23 } 24 25 void write() { 26 Book x[] = { {"《雕塑家》", "斯科特.麦克劳德"}, 27 {"《灯塔》", "克里斯多夫.夏布特"}, 28 {"《人的局限性》", "塞缪尔.约翰生"}, 29 {"《永不停步:玛格丽特.阿特伍德传》", "罗斯玛丽.沙利文"}, 30 {"《大地之上》", "罗欣顿·米斯特里"}, 31 {"《上学记》", "何兆武"}, 32 {"《命运》", "蔡崇达"} }; 33 int n, i; 34 FILE *fp; 35 36 // 计算数组x中元素个数 37 n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]); 38 39 // 以写的方式打开文本文件data1.txt 40 fp = fopen("data1.txt", "w"); 41 42 // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 43 if(fp == NULL) { 44 printf("fail to open file to write\n"); 45 return; 46 } 47 48 // 将结构体数组x中的图书信息格式化写到fp指向的文件data1.txt 49 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 50 fprintf(fp, "%-40s %-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author); 51 52 fclose(fp); 53 } 54 55 void read() { 56 Book x[M]; 57 int i, n; 58 int number; 59 60 FILE *fp; 61 62 // 以读的方式打开文本文件data1.txt 63 fp = fopen("data1.txt", "r"); 64 65 // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 66 if(fp == NULL) { 67 printf("fail to open file to read\n"); 68 return; 69 } 70 71 // 从文件中读取图书信息,保存到结构体数组x中 72 i = 0; 73 while(!feof(fp)) { 74 number = fscanf(fp, "%s%s", x[i].name, x[i].author); 75 if(number != 2) 76 break; 77 i++; 78 } 79 n = i; 80 81 // 将图书信息打印输出到屏幕上 82 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 83 printf("%d. %-40s%-20s\n", i+1, x[i].name, x[i].author); 84 85 fclose(fp); 86 }
运行结果:
实验任务2:
源代码:
1 // 文件读写操作:以数据块方式读、写二进制文件 2 3 #include <stdio.h> 4 5 #define N 80 6 #define M 100 7 8 typedef struct { 9 char name[N]; // 书名 10 char author[N]; // 作者 11 } Book; 12 13 void write(); 14 void read(); 15 16 int main() { 17 printf("测试1: 把图书信息以数据块方式写入二进制文件\n"); 18 write(); 19 20 printf("\n测试2: 从二进制文件读取图书信息, 打印输出到屏幕\n"); 21 read(); 22 23 return 0; 24 } 25 26 void write() { 27 Book x[] = { {"《雕塑家》", "斯科特.麦克劳德"}, 28 {"《灯塔》", "克里斯多夫.夏布特"}, 29 {"《人的局限性》", "塞缪尔.约翰生"}, 30 {"《永不停步:玛格丽特.阿特伍德传》", "罗斯玛丽.沙利文"}, 31 {"《大地之上》", "罗欣顿·米斯特里"}, 32 {"《上学记》", "何兆武"}, 33 {"《命运》", "蔡崇达"} }; 34 int n; 35 FILE *fp; 36 37 // 计算数组x中元素个数 38 n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]); 39 40 // 以写的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat 41 fp = fopen("data2.dat", "wb"); 42 43 // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 44 if(fp == NULL) { 45 printf("fail to open file to write\n"); 46 return; 47 } 48 49 // 将结构体数组x中的图书信息以数据块方式写入二进制文件data2.dat 50 fwrite(x, sizeof(Book), n, fp); 51 52 fclose(fp); 53 } 54 55 void read() { 56 Book x[M]; 57 int i, n; 58 int number; 59 60 FILE *fp; 61 62 // 以读的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat 63 fp = fopen("data2.dat", "rb"); 64 65 // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 66 if(fp == NULL) { 67 printf("fail to open file to read\n"); 68 return; 69 } 70 71 // 从二进制文件data2.dat以数据块方式读取图书信息存储到结构体数组x 72 i = 0; 73 while(!feof(fp)) { 74 number = fread(&x[i], sizeof(Book), 1, fp); 75 if(number != 1) 76 break; 77 i++; 78 } 79 80 // 在屏幕上打印输出 81 n = i; 82 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 83 printf("%d. %-40s%-20s\n", i+1, x[i].name, x[i].author); 84 85 fclose(fp); 86 }
运行结果:
实验任务3:
源代码:
1 // 文件读写操作:以字符、字符串形式读、写 2 3 #include <stdio.h> 4 #define N 5 5 #define M 80 6 7 void write(); 8 void read_str(); 9 void read_char(); 10 11 int main() { 12 printf("测试1: 把一组字符信息以字符串方式写入文本文件\n"); 13 write(); 14 15 printf("\n测试2: 从文件以字符串方式读取, 输出到屏幕\n"); 16 read_str(); 17 18 printf("\n测试3: 从文件以单个字符方式读取, 输出到屏幕\n"); 19 read_char(); 20 21 return 0; 22 } 23 24 void write() { 25 char *ptr[N] = { "Working\'s Blues", 26 "Everything Will Flow", 27 "Streets of London", 28 "Perfect Day", 29 "Philadelphia"}; 30 int i; 31 FILE *fp; 32 33 fp = fopen("data3.txt", "w"); 34 if(!fp) { 35 printf("fail to open file to write\n"); 36 return; 37 } 38 39 for(i = 0; i < N; ++i) { 40 fputs(ptr[i], fp); 41 fputs("\n", fp); 42 } 43 44 fclose(fp); 45 } 46 47 void read_str() { 48 char songs[N][M]; 49 int i; 50 FILE *fp; 51 52 fp = fopen("D:\\data3.txt", "r"); 53 if(!fp) { 54 printf("fail to open file to read\n"); 55 return; 56 } 57 58 for(i = 0; i < N; ++i) 59 fgets(songs[i], 80, fp); 60 61 for(i = 0; i < N; ++i) 62 printf("%d. %s", i+1, songs[i]); 63 64 fclose(fp); 65 } 66 67 void read_char() { 68 char ch; 69 FILE *fp; 70 71 fp = fopen("D:\\data3.txt", "r"); 72 if(!fp) { 73 printf("fail to open file to read\n"); 74 return; 75 } 76 77 while(!feof(fp)) { 78 ch = fgetc(fp); 79 if(ch == EOF) 80 break; 81 82 putchar(ch); 83 } 84 85 fclose(fp); 86 }
运行结果: