实验5
任务一
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[], int n); 5 void output(int x[], int n); 6 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax); 7 8 int main() { 9 int a[N]; 10 int min, max; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a, N); 14 15 printf("数据是: \n"); 16 output(a, N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[], int n) { 28 int i; 29 30 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 31 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[], int n) { 35 int i; 36 37 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 printf("%d ", x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) { 43 int i; 44 45 *pmin = *pmax = x[0]; 46 47 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 48 if(x[i] < *pmin) 49 *pmin = x[i]; 50 else if(x[i] > *pmax) 51 *pmax = x[i]; 52 }
1。功能为找出数据中的最大值和最小值
2。均指向x[0]的地址
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[], int n); 5 void output(int x[], int n); 6 int *find_max(int x[], int n); 7 8 int main() { 9 int a[N]; 10 int *pmax; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a, N); 14 15 printf("数据是: \n"); 16 output(a, N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 pmax = find_max(a, N); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("max = %d\n", *pmax); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[], int n) { 28 int i; 29 30 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 31 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[], int n) { 35 int i; 36 37 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 printf("%d ", x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 int *find_max(int x[], int n) { 43 int max_index = 0; 44 int i; 45 46 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 47 if(x[i] > x[max_index]) 48 max_index = i; 49 50 return &x[max_index]; 51 }
1。功能为找出数据中的最大值,返回地址
2。可以
任务二
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main() { 6 char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy"; 7 char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char tmp[N]; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 strcpy(tmp, s1); 20 strcpy(s1, s2); 21 strcpy(s2, tmp); 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
s1的大小为80,计算的是s1所在的空间的长度,统计的是s1 本身所占大字符长度
不可以,s1 表示的是地址,不可以被赋值
已经交换
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main() { 6 char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy"; 7 char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char *tmp; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 tmp = s1; 20 s1 = s2; 21 s2 = tmp; 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
问题一:存放的是地址,计算的是s1中存放的单词的个数,统计的是字符串的长度;
问题二:可以,这个是将字符串直接赋值给指针变量,2.1不能将字符串直接赋值给数组作为元素
问题三:内容没有交换,交换的是地址
任务三
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 3 int main() { 4 int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}}; 5 int i, j; 6 int *ptr1; 7 int(*ptr2)[4]; 8 9 printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n"); 10 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { 11 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 12 printf("%d ", x[i][j]); 13 printf("\n"); 14 } 15 16 printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n"); 17 for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) { 18 printf("%d ", *ptr1); 19 20 if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) 21 printf("\n"); 22 } 23 24 printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n"); 25 for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) { 26 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 27 printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j)); 28 printf("\n"); 29 } 30 31 return 0; 32 }
任务四
1 #include<stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 void replace(char *str,char old_char,char new_char); 5 6 int main(){ 7 char text[N]="Programming is difficult or not,it is a question."; 8 9 printf("原始文本:\n"); 10 printf("%s\n",text); 11 12 replace(text,'i','*'); 13 14 printf("处理后文本:\n"); 15 printf("%s\n",text); 16 17 return 0; 18 } 19 20 void replace(char *str,char old_char,char new_char){ 21 int i; 22 23 while(*str){ 24 if(*str==old_char) 25 *str=new_char; 26 str++; 27 } 28 }
将i换成*
可以
任务五
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x); 5 6 int main() { 7 char str[N]; 8 char ch; 9 10 while(printf("输入字符串: "), gets(str) != NULL) { 11 printf("输入一个字符: "); 12 ch = getchar(); 13 14 printf("截断处理...\n"); 15 str_trunc(str, ch); 16 17 printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str); 18 getchar(); 19 } 20 21 return 0; 22 } 23 24 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x){ 25 int i; 26 for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++){ 27 if(str[i]==x){ 28 str[i]='\0'; 29 break; 30 } 31 } 32 33 34 return str; 35 36 }
结果就无法截断字符串
读取至‘\0’时,截断字符串
任务六
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 5 4 5 int check_id(char *str); 6 7 int main() 8 { 9 char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X", 10 "3301061996X0203301", 11 "53010220051126571", 12 "510104199211197977", 13 "53010220051126133Y"}; 14 int i; 15 16 for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) 17 if (check_id(pid[i])) 18 printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]); 19 else 20 printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]); 21 22 return 0; 23 } 24 25 // 函数定义 26 // 功能: 检查指针str指向的身份证号码串形式上是否合法 27 // 形式合法,返回1,否则,返回0 28 int check_id(char *str) { 29 int i; 30 if(strlen(str)!=18) 31 return 0; 32 for(i=0;i<17;i++){ 33 if(str[i]<'0'||str[i]>'9') 34 return 0; 35 } 36 if(str[17]<'0'||str[17]>'9'){ 37 if(str[17]!='X') 38 return 0; 39 } 40 return 1; 41 }
任务七
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 void encoder(char *str, int n); // 函数声明 4 void decoder(char *str, int n); // 函数声明 5 6 int main() { 7 char words[N]; 8 int n; 9 10 printf("输入英文文本: "); 11 gets(words); 12 13 printf("输入n: "); 14 scanf("%d", &n); 15 16 printf("编码后的英文文本: "); 17 encoder(words, n); // 函数调用 18 printf("%s\n", words); 19 20 printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: "); 21 decoder(words, n); // 函数调用 22 printf("%s\n", words); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 /*函数定义 28 功能:对s指向的字符串进行编码处理 29 编码规则: 30 对于a~z或A~Z之间的字母字符,用其后第n个字符替换; 其它非字母字符,保持不变 31 */ 32 void encoder(char *str, int n) { 33 int i; 34 n=n%26; 35 for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++){ 36 if(str[i]>='a'&&str[i]<='z'){ 37 str[i]=(str[i]-'a'+n)%26+'a'; 38 } 39 if(str[i]>='A'&&str[i]<='Z'){ 40 str[i]=(str[i]-'A'+n)%26+'A'; 41 } 42 } 43 } 44 45 /*函数定义 46 功能:对s指向的字符串进行解码处理 47 解码规则: 48 对于a~z或A~Z之间的字母字符,用其前面第n个字符替换; 其它非字母字符,保持不变 49 */ 50 void decoder(char *str, int n) { 51 int i; 52 n=n%26; 53 for(i=0;str[i]!=0;i++){ 54 if(str[i]>='a'&&str[i]<='z') 55 str[i]='z'-('z'-str[i]+n)%26; 56 if(str[i]>='A'&&str[i]<='Z') 57 str[i]='Z'-('Z'-str[i]+n)%26; 58 }
任务八
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include<stdlib.h> 3 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 4 int i,k=0; 5 char *p; 6 while(1){ 7 k = 0; 8 for(i = 1;i< argc -1 ; i++){ 9 if(*argv[i] > *argv[i+1]){ 10 p = argv[i]; 11 argv[i] = argv[i+1]; 12 argv[i+1] = p; 13 k++; 14 } 15 } 16 if(k==0){ 17 break; 18 } 19 } 20 for(i = 1; i < argc; ++i) 21 printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]); 22 return 0; 23 }