mono_for_android读书笔记之硬件编程

本章将会介绍:

传感器的API

加速器编程,设备的方向,近场检测

网络编程

蓝牙编程

上述的技术的应用场景很多,比如:

1.检测当前的网络是否可用,并提醒用户,检测当前的网络类型,比如Wifi、3G、EDGE网络。

2.加速器可以用来提供随机种子,比如摇晃设备时随机访问数据源中的数据。

3.用户水平和垂直放置设备时应用提供不同的视图。

传感器

android设备常见的硬件有:加速器,罗盘,麦克风,陀螺仪等。

Android的Sensor类抽象了所有的传感器设备。实际的传感器有厂商,名称,精确度,范围和类型的属性。

通过SensorManager可以获得传感器的引用:

String service_name = Context.SensorService;
sensManager = (SensorManager)GetSystemService(service_name);

Android.Hardware.SensorType枚举定义了常见的传感器类型:

Accelerometer 可获得x、y、z轴的加速度,单位为米每二次方秒.
Gyroscope 可获得x、y、z轴的角度.
Light可用来指定屏幕的亮度,以lux为单位,对比周围可见光.
MagneticField 获得设备所在点的磁场强度.
Orientation 可获得三轴的角度,以度为单位.
Pressure 获得设备周围的压强.
Proximity 获得设备与目标之间的距离,以厘米为单位。通常是用来检测设备与用户的耳朵之间的距离的。靠近人耳时无需输入则屏幕关闭.
Temperature 获得设备的温度,以摄氏温度为单位.
All 获得平台上所有传感器.

有两种方式获得Sensor类:

defSensor = sensManager.GetDefaultSensor(SensorType.Accelerometer);//可获取默认的该类的传感器

IList<Sensor> accSensors = sensorManager.GetSensorList(SensorType.Accelerometer); //可获取该类的所有传感器

使用传感器分三步:

1. 注册: 

sensManager.RegisterListener(this, defSensor, SensorDelay.Ui); //第一个参数是处理值的类,第二个参数是传感器实例,第三个参数是传感器参数的采样率

采样率由枚举类SensorDelay来决定:

Fastest最快.
Game适合游戏.
Normal 默认的采样率.
Ui 更新UI所用的采样率.(最低)

2.处理: 实现接口类 ISensorEventListener来处理传感器的值,如果一个Activity要处理传感器的值,可以定义如下,实现OnSensorChanged 和 OnAccuracyChanged接口方法。OnAccuracyChanged用来处理精度的变化,由Android.Hardware.SensorStatus.Accuracy枚举来决定精度:

AccuracyLow 低精度,需要校正.
AccuracyMedium 中等精度.
AccuracyHigh 高精度.
Unreliable 不可靠的精度.

public class Activity1 : Activity, Android.Hardware.ISensorEventListener

{

public void ISensorEventListener.OnSensorChanged(SensorEvent e)
{
    if ( e.Sensor.Type == SensorType.Accelerometer){
    var calibrationValue = SensorManager.StandardGravity;
    var mVals = e.Values;
    var x = mVals[0];
    var y = mVals[1];
    var z = mVals[2];
    var SumOfSq = Math.Pow(x, 2) + Math.Pow(y, 2) + Math.Pow(z, 2);
        var mag = Math.Pow(SumOfSq, .5) - calibrationValue;
        RunOnUiThread(() =>
            tv.Text = "Acceleration (g): " + mag.ToString()
        );
    }
}
public void ISensorEventListener.OnAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy)
{
    if (sensor.Type == Android.Hardware.SensorType.Accelerometer)
    {
        if (Android.Hardware.SensorStatus.AccuracyHigh ==
(Android.Hardware.SensorStatus)accuracy)
        {

        }
    }
}

}

3.注销

sensManager.UnregisterListener(this, defSensor);

下面详细介绍各种传感器返回的参数:

Accelerometer: value[0]: Lateral (x direction)
value[1]: Longitudinal (z direction)
value[2]: Vertical (y direction)

Gyroscope: The gyroscope returns three values — device orientation in degrees along three axes:
value[0]: Azimuth
value[1]: Pitch
value[2]: Roll

Light: The light sensor returns the measurement of illumination. Only one value is returned. It is obtained by value[0]

Magnetic Field: The magnetic field that is returned is measured in three directions, and the values are in microteslas:

value[0] : Lateral (x direction)
value[1] : Longitudinal (z direction)
value[2] : Vertical (y direction)

Orientation: The device's orientation is returned in degrees along three axes based on the following values:

value[0]: Azimuth
value[1]: Roll
value[2]: Pitch
Pressure: The pressure is returned in value[0]. This would be useful in an engineering scenario. The pressure is measured in hPa.
Proximity: The proximity is measured in centimeters and is returned in value[0].
Temperature: The temperature is measured in Celsius and is returned in value[0].

下面就是几个使用传感器的例子了:

public void ISensorEventListener.OnSensorChanged(SensorEvent e)
{
    if ( e.Sensor.Type == SensorType.Accelerometer){
        var mVals = e.Values;
        var x = mVals[0];
        var y = mVals[1];
        var z = mVals[2];
        var SumOfSq = Math.Pow(x, 2) + Math.Pow(y, 2) + Math.Pow(z, 2);
        var mag = Math.Pow(SumOfSq, .5) - SensorManager.StandardGravity
        if (MaxAccel == 0.0)
        {
            MaxAccel = mag;
        }
        if (mag > MaxAccel)
        {
            MaxAccel = mag;
        }
        RunOnUiThread(() =>
            tv.Text = "Acceleration (m/sˆ2): " + MaxAccel.ToString()
        );
    }
}

 

震动

Mono for Android has the class Android.OS.Vibrator, 使用震动需要两步:

1. 在AndroidManifest.xml 文件中设置权限允许应用震动设备:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />

2. 获取震动类并调用震动方法:
Vibrator vibrator = (Vibrator)GetSystemService(Context.VibratorService);
vibrator.Vibrate(pattern, -1);

Note two interesting things in this code:

posted @ 2012-12-19 22:55  njuxdj  阅读(330)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报