SpringCloudAlibaba之Nacos服务的注册与发现

教程首页链接:SpringCloudAlibaba实战教程系列  

-----------------------------目录------------------------------------

1、构建父maven项目,引入pom依赖,对应第一步。

2、构建服务提供者,对应第二步。

3、构建服务消费者,对应第三步。

-----------------------------目录------------------------------------

第一步:在父pom的项目中引入dependencyManagement。

在引入父pom之前咱们先来回顾下dependencyManagement与使用他的原因

什么是dependencyManagement:他可以统一管理项目的版本号,确保应用的各个子项目的依赖和版本一致,当需要变更版本号的时候只需要在父类容器里更新,不需要任何一个子项目的修改;如果某个子项目需要另外一个特殊的版本号时,只需要在自己的模块dependencies中声明一个版本号即可。子类就会使用子类声明的版本号,不继承于父类版本号。

为什么用dependencyManagement:首先在springCloudAlibaba的项目中对于版本的依赖要求很严格,所有需要统一来声明管理每隔依赖的版本号。版本之间的关系参考SpringCloudAlibaba实战教程系列  

   <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

在引入上面的版本声明之后在父pom中引入下面几个将要使用的依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

完整的pom如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.niu.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>nacos-provider</module>
        <module>nacos-consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <!--lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <repositories>
        <!--指定阿里云镜像库下载依赖-->
        <repository>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>aliyunmaven</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        </repository>

    </repositories>
</project>
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第二步:构建服务提供者进行服务注册

  1、在父项目中创建子module项目名字为nacos-provider,在pom中引入nacos服务注册依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 完整服务提供pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.niu.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos-provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>
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   2、application.yml或者properties文件

server:
port: 8080

spring:
#服务应用名字
application:
name: nacos-provider
#配置注册ip:端口,注意即使是80端口也不可能省略
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848

  3、配置启动服务的启动类。为简单化我这里http调用接口也开发出来了

package com.niu.cloud;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author niunafei
 * @function
 * @email niunafei0315@163.com
 * @date 2020/5/1  12:46 PM
 * @EnableDiscoveryClient 开启服务注册
 */
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/provider")
    public String provider() {
        log.info("服务提供者正常服务");
        return "服务提供者正常服务";
    }
}

  4、在服务启动的时候看到如下日志证明注册成功

  5、查看http://localhost:8848/nacos,查看服务的注册情况

 第三步:构建服务消费者进行服务调用

   1、在父项目中创建子module项目名字为nacos-comsumer,在pom中引入nacos服务注册依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 完整服务提供pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.niu.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos-comsumer</artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>
View Code

  2、application.yml或者properties文件

server:
port: 8081

spring:
#服务应用名字
application:
name: nacos-consumer
#配置注册ip:端口,注意即使是80端口也不可能省略
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848

  3、服务消费有两种实现方式

  方式1(推荐):简单理解是在创建RestTemplate对象的时候添加 @LoadBalanced注解,该注解为底层为ribben来实现的负载均衡,详情代码如下:

package com.niu.cloud;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
* @author niunafei
* @function
* @email niunafei0315@163.com
* @date 2020/5/1 3:51 PM
*/
@Slf4j
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
}

/**
* 创建服务调用的对象
*
* @return
* @LoadBalanced 添加此注解后,RestTemplate就具有了ribben客户端负载均衡能力
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

@GetMapping("/consumer")
public String consumer() {
log.info("---------消费者开始------------");
//调用服务
String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-provider/provider", String.class);
log.info("---------消费者结束--------result{}----", result);
return result;
}
}
}

  方式2:是springcloudalibaba的官网案列形式,依赖LoadBalancedClient来实现。

package com.niu.cloud;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author niunafei
 * @function
 * @email niunafei0315@163.com
 * @date 2020/5/1  3:51 PM
 */
@Slf4j
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 创建服务调用的对象
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @RestController
    public class ConsumerController {
        @Autowired
        private LoadBalancerClient client;
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;

        @GetMapping("/consumer")
        public String consumer() {
            log.info("---------消费者开始------------");
            //获取服务对象,注意nacos-provider是服务提供者应用名称
            ServiceInstance instance = client.choose("nacos-provider");
            //调用服务
            String result = restTemplate.getForObject(instance.getUri() + "/provider", String.class);
            log.info("---------消费者结束--------result{}----", result);
            return result;
        }
    }
}
View Code

    4、启动consumer服务,浏览器访问消费者http://localhost:8081/consumer接口,可以看到下面服务者正常提供服务。

   5、看下方式一消费者调用日志如下图: 首先是正常的注册成功,看接下来的就是ribben实现负载均衡功能的调用日志(大概的流程是,通过完整的url进行拆分,根据服务名获取注册的服务列表,然后负载到某个服务,拼接ip与端口完善url,进行http调用,返回结果)。

 

 

教程首页链接:SpringCloudAlibaba实战教程系列  

为何一个@LoadBalanced注解就能让RestTemplate拥有负载均衡的能力?【享学Spring Cloud】

RestTemplate的使用和原理你都烂熟于胸了吗?【享学Spring MVC】

posted @ 2020-05-01 14:05  albert飞的博客  阅读(4150)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报