中级美语 L013：Health Comes First 解析

一、Reading

Smoking is bad in that it is harmful to one's health. In spite of the fact that doctors have even warned that it causes cancer, people still keep on smoking.

In some Western countries, however, people are beginning to kick the bad habit. They realize that health should come first. To help them quit smoking, there are laws against cigarette advertising and smoking in public places. This is praiseworthy except that Western countries are now selling cigarettes in the East in greater numbers than ever. That they are doing this is immoral, don't you think?

二、解析

■ Smoking is bad in that it is harmful to one's health.

  • 主：Smoking
  • 系：is
  • 表：bad
  • 原状：in that it is harmful to one's health.
    • 介：in that（不可分开使用，等同 beacause.）
    • 宾从：it is harmful to one's health.
      • 形主：it
      • 系：is
      • 表：harmful
      • 主：to one's health.
        • 介：to
        • 宾：one's health.

■ In spite of the fact that doctors have even warned that it causes cancer, people still keep on smoking.

  • 状：In spite of the fact that doctors have even warned that it causes cancer,
    • 介：In spite of
    • 宾：the fact
    • 同从：that doctors have even warned that it causes cancer,
      • 引：that
      • 主：doctors
      • 谓：have even warned
      • 宾从：that it causes cancer,
        • 引：that
        • 主：it
        • 谓：causes
        • 宾：cancer,
  • 主：people
  • 状：still
  • 谓：keep on（on 可省略）
  • 宾：smoking.

■ In some Western countries, however, people are beginning to kick the bad habit.

  • 时态：现在进行时
  • 状：however
  • 状：In some Western countries
  • 主：people
  • 谓：are beginning
  • 目状：to kick the bad habit.
    • 虚词：to
    • 谓动：kick
    • 宾：the bad habit.

■ They realize that health should come first.

  • 主：They
  • 谓：realize（等同 understand）
  • 宾从：that health should come first.
    • 引：that
    • 主：health
    • 谓：should come first.

■ To help them quit smoking, there are laws against cigarette advertising and smoking in public places.

  • 目状：To help them quit smoking,
  • 表：there
  • 系：are
  • 主：laws
  • 定：against cigarette advertising and smoking in public places.
    • 介：against
    • 宾：cigarette advertising
    • 并连：and
    • 宾：smoking
    • 地状：in public places.

To help them（to）quit smoking：不定式短语修饰后面 there 主句。
help 加宾语后，后边如果用不定式短语作宾语补足语时，to 可以省略。

■ This is praiseworthy except that Western countries are now selling cigarettes in the East in greater numbers than ever.

  • 主：This
  • 系：is
  • 表：praiseworthy
  • 连：except（可视作连词，表：只可惜... ）
  • 主：that Western countries are now selling cigarettes in the East in greater numbers than ever.
    • 时态：现在进行时
    • 主：that Western countries
    • 谓：are now selling
    • 宾：cigarettes
    • 地状：in the East
    • 程状：in greater numbers
    • 时状：than ever.

■ That they are doing this is immoral, don't you think?

  • 主：That they are doing this
    • 时态：现在进行时
    • 引：That
    • 主：they
    • 系：are doing
    • 表：this
  • 系：is
  • 表：immoral,
  • 疑问句：don't you think?
    • 主：you
    • 谓：think

三、语法

  1. in that（因为）作副词连词的用法。
  2. “介词 + the fact + that 从句”的用法。
  3. that 引导名从作主语的用法。

以上语法详见教材讲解。