中级美语 L007：Doctor Death 解析
一、Reading
Whether very sick people should be helped to end their own lives is a question many people cannot answer. However, Dr. Kevorkian is an exception. That he has done this more than twenty times is known to everyone. Some say what he is doing is immoral. They call him Doctor Death. Others say what he is doing is merciful. They call it mercy killing.
Whether Dr. Kevorkian should be allowed to continue doing this is a real problem for the government. There seem to be two sides to the argument. Which side are you on?
二、解析
■ Whether very sick people should be helped to end their own lives is a question many people cannot answer.
= Whether very sick people should be helped to end their own lives is a question (which) many people cannot answer.
- 主：Whether very sick people should be helped to end their own lives。（名从）
被动试：should be helped，故其后 to 不可省略(主动可省)。
主动式：Whether we should help very sick people to end their own lives.
由一般疑问句变化而来：Should very sick people is helped to end their own lives?,
不动式短语：to end their own lives, help 后跟to 固定用法。- 引：Whether
- 主：very sick people
- 谓：should be helped
- 目状：to end their own lives
- 虚词：to
- 谓：end
- 宾：their own lives
- 系：is
- 表：a question
- 定从：(which) many people cannot answer.
修饰先行词 question, 因 which 做 answer 宾语，指 a question, 故可省略。
- 引：which
- 主：many people
- 谓：cannot answer.
■ However, Dr.Kevorkian is an exception.
- 状：However
- 主：Dr.Kevorkian
- 系：is
- 表：an exception.
■ That he has done this more than twenty times is known to everyone.
- 时态：一般过去时
- 主：That he has done this more than twenty times（陈述句之前冠以 that 即成名词性从句。）
- 时态：现在完成时
- 主：he
- 谓：has done
- 宾：this（指 help end their own lives.）
- 频状：more than twenty times
- 系：is
- 表：known
- 定：to everyone.
more than + 数词：以上、不止。
be known to + 人：为某人所熟知。
■ Some say what he is doing is immoral.
= Some say (that) what he is doing is immoral.
- 主：Some（代词，指 some prople.）
- 谓：say
- 宾从：(that) what he is doing is immoral。
- 引：that
- 主：what he is doing（名从,what 为复合关系代词，译成“所...的东西”。）
- 引、宾：what
- 主：he
- 系：is doing
- 系：is
- 表：immoral。
■ They call him Doctor Death.
- 主：They
- 谓：call
- 宾：him
- 宾补：Doctor Death.
■ Others say what he is doing is merciful.
=Others say (that) what he is doing is merciful.
- 主：Others
- 谓：say
- 宾：(that) what he is doing is merciful.
- 引：that
- 主：what he is doing
- 引、宾：what
- 主：he
- 谓：is doing
- 系：is
- 表：merciful.
Some say, Others say：对称用法。
■ They call it mercy killing.
- 主：They
- 谓：call
- 宾：it
- 宾补：mercy killing.
■ Whether Dr.Kevorkian should be allowed to continue doing this is a real problem for the govemment.
- 主：Whether Dr.Kevorkian should be allowed to continue doing this。
被动式：be allowed to，故其后 to 不可省略(主动可省),
主动式为：Whether the govement should allow continue doing this.
不动式短语：to continue doing this, allow 后跟to 是固定用法。- 语态：被动式。
- 引：Whether
- 主：Dr.Kevorkian
- 谓：should be allowed
- 目状：to continue doing this
- 虚词：to
- 谓：continue
- 宾：doing this（分词短语）
- 系：is
- 表：a real problem
- 目状：for the govemment（修饰 problem）.
- 介：for
- 宾：the govemment.
■ There seem to be two sides to the argument.
= It seams that there are two sides to the argument.
- 表：There
- 谓：seem to be
- 主：two sides
- 目状：to the argument.
- 介：to
- 宾：the argument.
句型：“There seems/appears to be + 主语”
其中“seem”和“appear”作为系动词，很多时候句型中的“to be”可以省略，翻译为“看起来、似乎……”。 意思“在某地看起来、似乎……乎有某事/某人”
■ Which side are you on?
- 特殊疑问句，引句为“疑问短语”前置
- 疑短：Which side（作介词宾语）
- 主：you
- 系：are
- 表：on（Which side 被前置）.
三、语法
- 介绍三种名词从句的形成及用法。
- what 作复合关系代词的用法。
以上语法详见教材讲解。
