中级美语 L005：Bungee jumping 解析

一、阅读释疑

■ Bungee jumping looks like fun.

  • 主：Bungee jumping（动名词作主语，表已知的事实或经验。）
  • 谓：look like。
  • 宾：fun.
  1. 感官动词之后一律用形容词（或可作形容词用的分词）作表语。
  2. 感官动词后绝不可用名词作表词，因为其本身为不及物动词，若要与名词连用，可使用 “look/sound/smell/taste/feel + like(像，介词) + 名词” 句型。之后的名词作介词宾语。

■ It makes me nervous just to watch someone do it.

= Just to watch someone do it makes me nervous.

  • 形主：it
  • 谓：make（不完全及物动词）
  • 宾：me.
  • 宾补：nervous（adj.作 me 宾语补足语。）
  • 主：to watch someone do it.
    • 虚词：to
    • 谓：watch
    • 宾：someone
    • 宾补：do it.

jsut：副词，起强调作用，

不定式分析: watch（vt.看）接宾语 someone, 另接动词原形 do 作宾语补足语，it 作 do 宾语。
注：someone 为第三人称单数，按理应该使用 does，因受到 watch 的及物动词的影响，英语中感官动词接了宾语后，可用动词原形作宾语补足语，表已发生的事实；或使用现在分词作宾语补足语，表进行的状态；亦可用过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动的概念。

■ It certainly takes a lot of guts to jump one thousand feet above the water with only a rop tied to your legs.

  • 句型：It takes + 表条件的名词 + to + 动词原形：从事...需要...的条件
  • 形主：it 为虚主语，代替不定式 to jump one thousand feet above the water（to + 动词原形）。
  • 状：certainly
  • 谓：takes
  • 定：a lot of
  • 宾：guts
  • 主：to jump one thousand feet above the water
    • 虚词：to
    • 谓：jump
    • 后定：one thousand feet above the water（修饰 to jump）
  • 伴状：with only a rop tied to your legs（= with only a rop which is tied to your legs）
    • 介：with
    • 状：only
    • 宾：a rop
    • 宾补：tied to your legs（过去分词短语，作形容词用修饰名词 a rop. 而tied 之前省略了 which is。）
      • 谓：tied to
      • 宾：your legs

注：with 复合结构作伴随状语，结构：“with + 宾语 + 形容词/介词短语/分词/副词（作宾语补语）”。

guts：要用复数，习惯性用法。

■ It scares me just to think about it .

  • 形主：it
  • 谓：scare.
  • 宾：me.
  • 状：just
  • 主：to think about it .
    • 虚词：to
    • 谓：think about
    • 宾：it .

■ However, it is something I really want to do one day.

= However, it is something which I really want to do some day.
= However, it is something (that) I really want to do one day.

  • 状：However（连接性副词，However 使用时，之前必须要有分号或句点，其后通常要加逗号。亦可插入句中，两旁边以逗号相隔。）
  • 主：it（指 Bungee jumping）
  • 系：is
  • 表：something.
  • 定从：I really want to do one day.（作后置定语，修饰 something）
    • 主：I
    • 状：really
    • 谓：want
    • 宾：to do
    • 时状：one day.

one day：有一天, 常用于过去式
some day：某一天, 常用于将来时

■ Some people think I'm crazy.

= Some people think that I'm crazy.

  • 主：some people.
  • 谓：think
  • 宾：（that）I'm crazy.（名从，that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。）
    • 引：that
    • 主：I
    • 系：am
    • 表：crazy.

■ They say to jump is foolish enough, but to have to pay for it is madness.

= They say to jump is foolish enough but that to have to pay for it is madness.
= They say that to jump is foolish enough, but to have to pay for it is madness.
= They say it is foolish enough to jump, but it is madness to have to pay for it.

  • 主：they
  • 谓：say
  • 宾从1：（that）to jump is foolish enough, but to have to pay for it is madness.
    • 引：that
    • 主：to jump
      • 虚词：to
      • 谓：jump
    • 系：is
    • 表：foolish enough，
  • 连：but
  • 宾从2：（that）to have to pay for it is madness.
    • 主：to have to pay for it
      • 虚词：to
      • 谓：have
      • 宾：to pay for it
        • 虚词：to
        • 谓：pay for
        • 宾：it
    • 系：is
    • 表：madness.madness.

注：that 引导的名词从句 to jump is foolish enough 做宾语. but 连接对等从句，所以两个句子共同作为宾语。

■ I don't agree.

  • 句型：否定句
  • 主：I
  • 谓：don't agree.

■ For me, to live a short and exciting life is far better than to live a long and boring one.

= For me, it is far better to live a short and exciting life than to live a long and boring one.

  • 目状：For me,
  • 主：to live a short and exciting life
  • 系：is
  • 表：far better
  • 目状：than to live a long and boring one。（one 指 life，避免重复，使用 one 代替。）
    • 介：than
    • 宾：to live a long and boring one。
      • 虚词：to
      • 谓：live
      • 宾：a long and boring one。

better than...：形容词比较级结构。than 介词还是连词，取决于后面是名词还是句子。

■ What do you think?

  • 句型：what 引导的特殊疑问句。
  • 疑、宾：What
  • 助：do
  • 主：you
  • 谓：think

二、扩展词汇

  • be tied to = be bound(bind) to：被...绑在
    That poor dog is tied/bound to the fence, he can not run away.
  • be scared of = be frightened of：害怕
    Peter is scared of snakes.
    He scared me to death.

三、语法

  1. 介绍用虚主语 it 代替不定式短语作主语的用法。
  2. 不定式短语直接作主语的用法。
  3. “It takes + 表条件的名词 + to + 原型动词”句型用法。
  4. 知觉动词的用法。

以上语法详见教材讲解。