中级美语 L003：The City of Song 解析
一、Reading
Listening to music is the favorite pastime of many people all over the world. This is especially true for people living in Vienna, the city of song. Being the home of mozart, this city is the birthplace of classical music and the waltz.
Music fills the air in Vienna. Going to public concerts is often free of charge. And don't forget, Vienna is also home to the world famous Vienna Boys' Choir. No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music.
二、解析
■ Listening to music is the favorite pastime of many people all over the world.
- 主：Listening to music（动名词作主语，表已知的事实或经验。）
- 系：is
- 表：the favorite pastime（favorite 形容词作定语修饰 pastime。the 特指这种方式。)
- 后定：of many people.
- 地状：all over the world.
■ This is especially true for people living in Vienna, the city of song.
= This is especially true for people（who）live in vienna. which is the city of song.
- 主：This（代指第一句 “Listening to music ...”)
- 系：is
- 表：especially true
- 目状：for people living in Vienna
- 介：for
- 宾：people
- 定：living in Vienna
- 同：the city of song（作 vienna 同位语, 是对Vienna的进一步解释。）
song：作不可数名词，在此处 song=music，the city of music.
■ Being the home of mozart, this city is the birthplace of classical music and the waltz.
- 定：Being the home of mozart（分词短语）
- 主：this city
- 系：is
- 表：the birthplace
- 定：of classical music and the waltz.
- 介：of
- 宾：classical music
- 连：and
- 宾：the waltz.
birthplace：of classical music and the waltz 与 birthplacethe 所属关系，the 特指。
原句：This city is the home of ... , this city is the birthplace of ...。
但这样会造成两句没有连词连接，故将第一个句子化简成分词短语。
化简规则：
a. 被化简的从句中主语与主句的主语相同时，该主语要删除；若主语不同时，则予以保留；
b. 之后的动词要变成现在分词；
c. 若该动词为 be 动词（如：is, was, are...等）时，则变成现在分词 being 之后可予以省略，但亦可不省略，以强调“因为”之意。
句型：
a. "地方名词 + be the home of..." 某地是...的故乡/家。
b. "地方名词 + be home to..." 某地是...的所在地/出生地/聚集地。
■ Music fills the air in Vienna.
- 主：Music
- 谓：fills
- 宾：the air
- 地状：in Vienna.
■ Going to public concerts is often free of charge.
- 主：Going to public concerts 动名词作主语。
- 系：is
- 状：often
- 表：free
- 地状：of charge.
- 介：of
- 宾：charge.
be free of charge：免费的。free 在此代表“脱离”，of 代表 from，固定使用 free of，charge 表“收费”，脱离收费=免费。其实只使用 free 一个词就行。
e.g.：I work for Peter free of charge.
■ And don't forget, Vienna is also home to the world famous Vienna Boys' Choir.
- 句型：否定型祈使句：And don't forget.（肯定句：You must forget.）
- 主：Vienna
- 系：is
- 状：also
- 表：home.
- 后定：to the world famous Vienna Boy's Choir（与 home 所属关系）
- 介：to
- 定：the world famous
- 宾：Vienna Boy's Choir
■ No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music.
=（It is）no wonder（that）people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music.
- 状：no wonder
- 主：people
- 谓：say
- 宾从：Austria is always alive with the sound of music.
- 主：Austria
- 系：is
- 表：alive
- 方状：with the sound of music.
- 介：with
- 宾：the sound of music.
alive with：表“充满”，alive with = filled with。
no wonder：名词短语，却视为副词，使用时置于句首，作状语使用，修饰全句；乃由“It is no wonder + that 从句”化简而来。
No wonder + 主语 + 动词：难怪...，
二、扩展词汇
-
universal ['jʊnə'vɝsl]：adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的
-
the world over = around the world = throughout the world = all over the world = across the world .
注：使用the world over时，其前不可加任何介词。
三、语法
- 动名词短语做主语的用法。
- 分词句构化简法。
- “地方名词 + be the home of...”及“地方名词 + be home to...”的区别。
- “no wonder”作副词的用法。
以上语法详见教材讲解。
