中级美语 L001：Rome Wasn't Built in a Day 解析
一、Reading
English is an international language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it. It can be rewarding or just a waste of time. It's up to you. It depends on how you study it. Here are some tips about learning English.
First. don't be afraid to make mistakes. You will learn from them. Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned and speak up! Finally, you must be patient. Remember, "Rome wasn't built in a day."
二、解析
■ English is an international language. = English is a universal language.
- 主：English
- 系：is
- 表：an international language
■ Therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it.
- 状：therefore，连接性副词，有连接词的意味，但不能作连接词用。
- 主：it 指代 to learn it.
- 系：is
- 表：necessary
- 目状：for us
It is... for somebody to inf.：对于某人来说，做某事是...的。
特殊结构：for...to inf.
《英语常用词疑难用法手册》P325
往往用来代替一个名词从句（尽管通常以介词开始的词群不能成为名词成分)，主语变成for所支配的介词宾语，谓语动词变成to后面的动词不定式，所指的往往是尚未做的或打算做的事情。
■ it can be rewarding or just a waste of time.
= it can be rewarding, it can be just a waste of time.
- 主：it 指代 leaning English
- 系：can be
- 表：rewarding，
- 主：it
- 系：can be
- 状：just，等同 only.
- 表：a waste of time.
can：助动词，表“可能性”，译成“有可能”.
例句：
Your stay here is just(or only) a waste of time.
Exercise is very rewarding for our health.
■ It's up to you.
- 主：it 指代上句。
- 系：is
- 表：up to you.
be up to sb.：“由某人决定，随某人”。
■ It depends on how you study it.
- 主：It
- 谓：depends on
- 宾：how you study it.
- 疑问词：how
- 主：you
- 谓：study
- 宾：it.
depends：不完全及物动词，与介词on连用，后按宾语。
how you study it.：疑问词how引导的名词从句做宾语。原句为“How do you study it?” , 变成名词从句时，先保留句首的疑问词，再将 do、does 或 did 去掉，其后的原形动词则按主语人称及时态作变化。
■ Here are some tips about learning English.
- 主：some tips
- 系：are
- 表：here
- 后置定语：about learning English. 修饰 tips
句型：地方副词倒装
倒装方法：S + vt/be动词 + 地方副词/地方副词短语 --> 地方副词/地方副词短语 + vt/be动词 + S
e.g.：Here are some books about feeding dog.
■ First, don't be afraid to make mistakes.
- 句型：否定型祈使句
- 状：First
= 系：don't be - 表：afraid
- 目状：to make mistakes
- 虚词：to
- 谓：make
- 宾：mistakes.
be afraid to + 动词原形：害怕去做...
first：序数词：第一点，首先，用于陈述重点，或陈述概念、想法。
■ You will learn from them.
- 时态：一般将来时
- 主：You
- 谓：will learn
- 地状：from them.
■ Second, You must not be shy.
- 句型：否定句
- 主：You
- 系：must not be
- 表：shy
must：只用来表示现在或将来的状况。此处译“必须”。
Second：序数词：第二点，其次，用于陈述重点，或陈述概念、想法。
肯定、否定句：
肯定句：You are shy.
否定句：You must not be shy.
情态动词、助动词或be,直接在它们后面加not构成否定句。
■ Be thick-skinned and speak up!
= (You should) be thick-skinned and (you should) speak up!
- 句型：肯定型祈使句
- 系：be
- 表：thick-skinned
- 连：and
- 谓：speak up
thick-skinned：“形容词+名词变成的过去分词”组成的复合形容词。
■ Finally, you must be patient.
- 主：you
- 系：must be
- 表：patient
■ Remember, "Rome wasn't built in a day."
tense：否定句，一般过去时被动语态
- 状：Remember
- 主：Rome
- 系：wasn't
- 表：built
- 时状：in a day
三、扩展词汇
- funny farm ['fʌni][fɑrm]：疯人院。正式：mental asylum ['mɛntl][ə'saɪləm]
- mental ['mɛntl]：adj.精神的；脑力的；疯的 n.精神病患者
- asylum [ə'saɪləm]：n. 庇护；收容所，救济院
- improve sth = make a lot of improvement in sth
- talk sb into doing： vt.说服
- nonsense [['nɑnsɛns]]：n. 胡说；废话。 adj. 荒谬的
When he gave a speech, we realized that he was just talking nonsense. - blind date [blaɪnd]：相亲,盲目约会
- goof around [ɡuf][ə'raʊnd]：浪费时间，混时间
- Aha, that's it. = Aha, I get it. = I understand.
- What's the problem (with)? = What's wrong? = What's the matter (with)?
四、示例
He is a problem studnet.
problem 名词做形容词用。
I am afraid (that省略) it is going to rain, so we can't go on a picnic.：我认为...(弱语气)
五、语法
- 疑问词引导的名词从句之形成及用法。
- 表“第一点”，“第二点”等序数词的用法。
以上语法详见教材讲解。
