初级美语 L143：Man's Best Friend 解析

一、Reading

The dog is man's best friend. He can do many things for us. He can protect our homes. He can guide the blind. He is loyal to his master and never asks for a pay raise.

The dog has also made many contributions to English. For example, if there were no dogs, how could a husband tell his wife her cooking tastes like dog food? How could the weatherman say, "It's raining cats and dogs?" So the next time a dog lifts a leg to your bicycle, don't kick him. Bend down and say, "Take your time."

二、解析

■ The dog is man's best friend.

  • 主：The dog
  • 系：is
  • 定：man's best
  • 表：friend.

■ He can do many things for us.

  • 主：He
  • 谓：can do
  • 宾：many things
  • 目状：for us.

■ He can protect our homes.

  • 主：He
  • 谓：can protect
  • 宾：our homes.

■ He can guide the blind.

  • 主：He
  • 谓：can guide
  • 宾：the blind.

■ He is loyal to his master and never asks for a pay raise.

  • 主：He
  • 系：is
  • 表：loyal
  • 目状：to his master
  • 连：and
  • 状：never
  • 谓：asks for
  • 宾：a pay raise.

■ The dog has also made many contributions to English.

  • 时态：现在完成时
  • 主：The dog
  • 状：also
  • 谓：has made
  • 宾：many contributions
  • 目状：to English.

■ For example, if there were no dogs, how could a husband tell his wife her cooking tastes like dog food?

  • 状：For example,
  • 虚拟语气：if there were no dogs,
    • 时态：一般过去时，与现在事实相反
    • 引：if
    • 表：there
    • 系：were
    • 主：no dogs
  • 疑问词：how could
  • 主：a husband
  • 谓：tell
  • 间宾：his wife
  • 直宾：（that）her cooking tastes like dog food?
    • 引：that
    • 主：her cooking
    • 谓：tastes like
    • 宾：dog food

■ How could the weatherman say, "It's raining cats and dogs?" So the next time（when）a dog lifts a leg to your bicycle, don't kick him.

  • 疑问词：How could
  • 主：the weatherman
  • 谓：say,
  • 宾："It's raining cats and dogs?"
    • 主：It
    • 谓：is raining
    • 宾：cats and dogs
  • 连：So
  • 时状从：the next time（when）a dog lifts a leg to your bicycle,
    • 引、连：the next time
    • 定从：（when）a dog lifts a leg to your bicycle
      • 引：when
      • 主：a dog
      • 谓：lifts
      • 宾：a leg
      • 目状：to your bicycle
        • 介：to
        • 宾：your bicycle
  • 祈使句：don't kick him.
    • 谓：don't kick
    • 宾： him.

■ Bend down and say, "Take your time."

  • 句型：祈使句
  • 谓：Bend down
  • 连：and
  • 谓：say
  • 宾："Take your time."
    • 句型：祈使句
    • 谓：Take
    • 间宾：your
    • 直宾：time.

三、语法

  1. 介绍人称代词、冠词的用法。
  2. the next time 作连词的用法。
  3. for example 用法。

以上语法详见教材讲解。