初级美语 L133：Dealing with Exams 解析

一、Reading

Examinations are an important part of every student's life. Students must, therefore, know how to deal with them. There are three important things a student must do to get ready for an exam. First, he must work out a study plan. Second, he must always keep his mind fresh by setting aside some time for exercise. And last but not least, he must review what he has studied at least three times. After all, success can only be achieved through hard work.

二、解析

■ Examinations are an important part of every student's life.

  • 主：Examinations
  • 系：are
  • 定：an important part of every student's
  • 表：life.

■ Students must, therefore, know how to deal with them.

  • 状：therefore
  • 主：Students
  • 谓：must know
  • 宾：how to deal with them.
    • 疑问词：how
    • 不定式：to deal with them.
      • 虚词：to
      • 谓：deal with
      • 宾：them.

■ There are three important things a student must do to get ready for an exam.

= There are three important things which a student must do to get ready for an exam.

  • 表：There
  • 系：are
  • 主：three important things
  • 定从：（which）a student must do
    • 引、宾： which（which 做 do 宾语）
    • 主：a student
    • 谓：must do
  • 目状：to get ready for an exam.（修饰前面的定从）
    • 虚：to
    • 谓：get ready for
    • 宾：an exam.

■ First, he must work out a study plan.

  • 状：First
  • 主：he
  • 谓：must work out
  • 宾：a study plan

work out + 名词 = make + 名词：制定/拟定...

■ Second, he must always keep his mind fresh by setting aside some time for exercise.

  • 状：Second
  • 主：he
  • 状：always
  • 系：must keep
  • 表：his mind fresh
  • 方状：by setting aside some time for exercise.
    • 介：by
    • 宾：setting aside some time
    • 目状：for exercise.
      • 介：for
      • 宾：exercise.

■ And last but not least, he must review what he has studied at least three times.

  • 状：And last but not least,
  • 主：he
  • 谓：must review
  • 宾：what he has studied（名从）
  • 方状：at least three times（修饰 review）

■ After all, success can only be achieved through hard work.

  • 被动语态
  • 状：After all
  • 主：success
  • 状：only
  • 谓：can be achieved
  • 方状：through hard work.

三、语法

  1. 在陈述概念、想法时，表示“第一点”、“第二点”、等序数词的表示法。

以上语法详见教材讲解。