初级美语 L095 A Balanced Diet 解析

一、Reading

Some people eat to live, but there are others who live to eat. To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet. A balanced diet simply means a bit of everything. A diet which includes meat, fish, vegetables and fruit is, of course, ideal. If you watch your diet, then you won't have to suffer the pain of going on a diet.

二、解析

■ Some people eat to live, but there are others who live to eat.

  • 主：Some people
  • 谓：eat
  • 目状：to live,
  • 连：but
  • 表：there
  • 系：are
  • 主：others
  • 定从：who live to eat.
    • 关系词、主语：who
    • 谓：live
    • 目状：to eat.

■ To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced diet.

  • 目状：To live a long and healthy life,
    • 虚词：To
    • 谓动：live
    • 定：a long and healthy
    • 宾：life,
  • 主：we
  • 谓：must learn
  • 宾：to have a balanced diet. （作名词短语使用）
    • 虚词：To
    • 谓动：have
    • 定：a balanced
    • 宾：diet.

live a ... life = lead a ... life：过着...的生活
（1）live 作不及物动词时，作“居住”解，之后接表场所的介词短语或副词。
（2）live 作及物动词时，表“过（某种）生活”之意，此时只能用 life（生活）作其宾语。

learn to + 动词原形：懂得...，学会...

learn 之后亦可接“how to + 动词原形”所形成的名词性短语作其宾语。
learn how to + 动词原形：学习如何...

■ A balanced diet simply means a bit of everything.

  • 定：A balanced
  • 主：diet
  • 状：simply，等同 just
  • 谓：means
  • 定：a bit of
  • 宾：everything.

simply：adv.简单地；就是
simply 表“就是”时，为了强调用法；在肯定句中，需置于被修饰的动词前；在否定句中，则置于助动词（如 don't、can't）之前。

mean：vt.意味；意欲
三态：mean、meant、meant
mean + n./that 引导的名从：指的是/意味着...
人 + mean + to + 动词原形=人 + intent + to + 动词原形：某人打算...

bit：n.有点，些许
a bit of + 名词：一点儿...（a bit of 在此处做形容词）
a bit + 形容词/副词：有一点...，稍微...（a bit 在此处作副词）

■ A diet which includes meat, fish, vegetables and fruit is, of course, ideal.

  • 主：A diet
  • 定从：which includes meat, fish, vegetables and fruit
    • 关系词、主：which
    • 谓：includes
    • 宾：meat, fish, vegetables and fruit
  • 系：is
  • 状：of course,
  • 表：ideal.

of course：当然
在本文中为插入语，置于 be 动词与补足语之间；本句亦可将 of course 置于句首。

■ If you watch your diet, then you won't have to suffer the pain of going on a diet.

  • 条状从：If you watch your diet,
    • 引导词：If
    • 主：you
    • 谓：watch
    • 宾：your diet,
  • 时态：一般将来时
  • 状：then
  • 主：you
  • 谓：won't have
  • 宾：to suffer the pain
    • 虚词：to
    • 谓动：suffer
    • 宾：the pain
  • 定：of going on a diet.

suffer：vt.遭受
suffer the pain of：遭受...之苦

go on a diet：节食，照规定饮食
be on a diet：在节食中

三、语法

（1）不定式短语作状语的用法。

详见教材讲解。