初级美语 L071：Working Hard 解析

一、Reading

My best friend Billy and I decided to learn English last year. We promised each other to work hard. We never failed to attend class. Billy always remembered to do his homework. I never forgot to do mine, either. Our English is pretty good now. It only proves that there's no gain without pain.

二、解析

■ My best friend Billy and I decided to learn English last year.

  • 时态：一般过去时
  • 主：My best friend Billy and I
  • 谓：decided
  • 宾：to learn English
  • 时状：last year

■ We promised each other to work hard.

  • 时态：一般过去时
  • 主：We
  • 谓：promised
  • 间宾：each other
  • 直宾：to work hard.

promise：vt.允诺、答应
promise + 人 + to + 动词原形：允诺某人做...

each other：彼此（指两者之间）
one another：彼此（指三者或以上）

■ We never failed to attend class.

  • 时态：一般过去时
  • 主：We
  • 谓：never failed
  • 宾：to attend class.

fail：vt.无法做到，失败
fail to + 动词原形：未能...
never fail to + 动词原形：一定会...

attend class = go to class：上课
attend school = go to school：上学

■ Billy always remembered to do his homework.

  • 时态：一般过去时
  • 主：Billy
  • 谓：always remembered
  • 宾：to do his homework.

remembered to + 动词原形：记得要...
remembered + 动名词：记得曾经...

■ I never forgot to do mine, either.

  • 时态：一般过去时
  • 主：I
  • 状：never
  • 谓：forgot
  • 宾：to do mine，
  • 状：either.

forget to + 动词原形：忘了要...
forget + 动名词：忘了曾经...

■ Our English is pretty good now.

  • 主：Our English
  • 系：is
  • 表：pretty good
  • 时状：now

pretty：作形容词表“美丽的”，作副词则表“颇”、“相当”，比 very 证据稍弱。

■ It only proves that there's no gain without pain.

  • 主：It
  • 状：only（起强调作用）
  • 谓：proves
  • 宾：that there's no gain without pain.（名词性从句）
    • 引导词：that（可省略）
    • 表：there
    • 系：is
    • 主：no gain
    • 方状：without pain.

三、语法

不定式的用法：
动词不定式乃由虚词 to 加动词原形形成，具有名词、形容词、副词的功能。

  • 名词
    作主语、作宾语、置于 be 之后作表语。
  • 形容词
    置于被修饰的名词之后，修饰名词。
  • 副词
    此时动词不定式可置于完整的句子之前或之后，表示目的。