一、下载 automagic 源码到本地
https://github.com/yangyang1009/automagic
python3.6 Django 3.0.2框架
二、这里我使用的是Centos7 虚拟环境
安装autoMagic 需要python 环境，而centos7 默认是python2.7的版本，首先需要将python的版本升级
三、Centos7 升级python
3.1 python3的安装
1、在Linux系统下，路径/usr/local相当于C:/Progrem Files/，通常安装软件时便安装到此目录下
执行命令
cd /usr/local
2、下载目标python版本压缩包
wget http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/python/3.6.9/Python-3.6.9.tgz
3、解压压缩包，执行命令
tar -xvf Python-3.6.9.tgz
4、在当前目录下创建文件夹--python3
mkdir python3
5、编译与安装
a、进入刚刚解压后的文件夹中
cd Python-3.6.9
b.生成makefile文件
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
checking for gcc ipa-pure-const bug... no checking for stdatomic.h... no checking for GCC >= 4.7 __atomic builtins... yes checking for ensurepip... upgrade checking if the dirent structure of a d_type field... yes checking for the Linux getrandom() syscall... yes checking for the getrandom() function... no configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile.pre config.status: creating Modules/Setup.config config.status: creating Misc/python.pc config.status: creating Misc/python-config.sh config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix config.status: creating pyconfig.h creating Modules/Setup creating Modules/Setup.local creating Makefile If you want a release build with all stable optimizations active (PGO, etc), please run ./configure --enable-optimizations
c. 对makefile文件进行操作
make
执行完make 后如果看到如下信息说明编译通过
gcc -pthread -fPIC -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Ibuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/libffi/include -Ibuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/libffi -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src -I./Include -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Include -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9 -c /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/unix64.S -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/unix64.o -Wall -fexceptions gcc -pthread -fPIC -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Ibuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/libffi/include -Ibuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/libffi -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src -I./Include -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Include -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9 -c /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/ffi.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/ffi.o -Wall -fexceptions gcc -pthread -fPIC -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Ibuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/libffi/include -Ibuild/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/libffi -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src -I./Include -I. -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Include -I/usr/local/Python-3.6.9 -c /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/sysv.S -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/sysv.o -Wall -fexceptions gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/cfield.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/prep_cif.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/closures.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/ffi64.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/unix64.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/ffi.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Modules/_ctypes/libffi/src/x86/sysv.o -L/usr/local/lib -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/_ctypes.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so Python build finished successfully! The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found: _dbm _gdbm _sqlite3 _tkinter readline To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name. The following modules found by detect_modules() in setup.py, have been built by the Makefile instead, as configured by the Setup files: atexit pwd time running build_scripts creating build/scripts-3.6 copying and adjusting /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Tools/scripts/pydoc3 -> build/scripts-3.6 copying and adjusting /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Tools/scripts/idle3 -> build/scripts-3.6 copying and adjusting /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Tools/scripts/2to3 -> build/scripts-3.6 copying and adjusting /usr/local/Python-3.6.9/Tools/scripts/pyvenv -> build/scripts-3.6 changing mode of build/scripts-3.6/pydoc3 from 644 to 755 changing mode of build/scripts-3.6/idle3 from 644 to 755 changing mode of build/scripts-3.6/2to3 from 644 to 755 changing mode of build/scripts-3.6/pyvenv from 644 to 755 renaming build/scripts-3.6/pydoc3 to build/scripts-3.6/pydoc3.6 renaming build/scripts-3.6/idle3 to build/scripts-3.6/idle3.6 renaming build/scripts-3.6/2to3 to build/scripts-3.6/2to3-3.6 renaming build/scripts-3.6/pyvenv to build/scripts-3.6/pyvenv-3.6 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Tools/gdb/libpython.py python-gdb.py gcc -pthread -c -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -I. -I./Include -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Programs/_testembed.o ./Programs/_testembed.c gcc -pthread -Xlinker -export-dynamic -o Programs/_testembed Programs/_testembed.o libpython3.6m.a -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm # Substitution happens here, as the completely-expanded BINDIR # is not available in configure sed -e "s,@EXENAME@,/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6m," < ./Misc/python-config.in >python-config.py # Replace makefile compat. variable references with shell script compat. ones; -> LC_ALL=C sed -e 's,\$(\([A-Za-z0-9_]*\)),\$\{\1\},g' < Misc/python-config.sh >python-config # On Darwin, always use the python version of the script, the shell # version doesn't use the compiler customizations that are provided # in python (_osx_support.py). if test `uname -s` = Darwin; then \ cp python-config.py python-config; \
d.安装
make install
出现如下信息说明安装成功
rm -f /usr/local/python3/bin/2to3 (cd /usr/local/python3/bin; ln -s 2to3-3.6 2to3) rm -f /usr/local/python3/bin/pyvenv (cd /usr/local/python3/bin; ln -s pyvenv-3.6 pyvenv) if test "x" != "x" ; then \ rm -f /usr/local/python3/bin/python3-32; \ (cd /usr/local/python3/bin; ln -s python3.6-32 python3-32) \ fi rm -f /usr/local/python3/share/man/man1/python3.1 (cd /usr/local/python3/share/man/man1; ln -s python3.6.1 python3.1) if test "xupgrade" != "xno" ; then \ case upgrade in \ upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \ install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \ esac; \ ./python -E -m ensurepip \ $ensurepip --root=/ ; \ fi Looking in links: /tmp/tmpqn5fzjzs Collecting setuptools Collecting pip Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.6.2
e、验证python版本
python
发现输入结果中还是python2.7.5
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
那么如何将新的pytohn版本替换旧的python版本呢
3.2、python3 替换python2
关于配置python版本的方法大致分为两种：
- 直接创建python3软链，利用命令 python3 调用新版本python，与自带python不冲突
- 覆盖现有python，使其指向新安装的python，利用命令 python 便可调用新版本python
所涉及命令解释
- ln命令用来为文件创建链接，链接类型分为硬链接和符号（软）链接两种，默认的连接类型是硬连接。如果要创建符号链接必须使用"-s"选项，符号链接相当于Windows下的快捷方式，即可以实现启动python时指向python3.8
ln -s a b # 建立软连接，b指向a
——参考“颜子”
下面分别对两种方法进行介绍。
3.2.1、直接创建python3软链
在/usr/bin路径下创建python3软链，指向已安装的python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/pyhton3
在/usr/bin路径下创建pip3软链，指向已安装的pip3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
此时系统中存在两个python版本：
命令 python 对应的仍是默认2.7.5版本
命令 python3 则对应新安装的3.6版本，
此本方法到此便结束了，可以快乐地打出 python3 -V, pip3 -V查看对应版本了
我这里没有进行软链接而是直接使用覆盖的方式
3.2.2 覆盖现有python，启动python时指向python3.6
备份旧python与pip
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2_old mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip2_old #第三部分的文件名可根据本机版本修改 如果没有pip 则不用执行这一步
修改软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
此方法到这里已经完成一半啦，可以使用命令 python -V, pip -V查看版本
Python 3.6.9 (default, Mar 19 2020, 14:27:10) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. import 'atexit' # <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>
pip 18.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
将高版本python配置到环境变量
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3' >> /etc/profile
. /etc/profile
由于修改了python的版本，会导致一些依赖于旧版本的程序出现错误，如yum，可进行如下配置：
打开yum文件，重新修改配置文件中的python指向
vim /usr/bin/yum
不过在安装软件时仍会报错:
SyntaxError: invalid syntax File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28 except OSError, e:
还是因为python更换的原因， 依照上述操作修改文件即可：打开/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 文件，将 #!/usr/bin/python 修改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7
/usr/bin/yum-config-manager （yum-utils包生成）
/usr/bin/yumdownloader （yum-utils包生成）
命令解释：
- 在Linux中通过源码安装程序时，对于解压文件，先执行./configure，后执行make，最后执行make install
make 命令 是对makefile文件操作，make install 是安装命令，那么 ./configure 是干什么呢？./configure 其实就是生成 makefile 文件
——参考“朝闻道”
- --prefix作用：编译的时候用来指定程序存放路径。
不指定prefix，可执行文件默认放在/usr/local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr/local/share
指定prefix，直接删掉一个文件夹就够了
——参考“百度知道”
此时系统仍存在两个python版本，但命令 python 对应的是新安装的3.8版本，命令 python2 才对应之前的默认2.7版本
此方法到这里就结束啦！
但是此方法不建议使用，毕竟用到python的地方很多，所以退键使用下面的方法
方法二：第三方yum源安装
1. 下载SCLo源
yum -y install centos-release-scl-rh
2. yum安装所需python版本
yum install rh-python36
3. 载入环境变量
scl enable rh-python36 bash
4. 检查
5. 使开机启动生效
vim /etc/profile
添加如下两句：
source /opt/rh/rh-python36/enable export X_SCLS="`scl enable rh-python36 'echo $X_SCLS'`"
说明：此种安装方式比较便捷，不过需要主机可以联网，并且部分关键字和命令不够通用熟悉。
