（原创）JAVA多线程三锁

前两章介绍了锁，那么现在我们介绍新的一个类，锁

一，简介

　　Lock是一个接口，实现它的类有读锁，写锁，和ReentrantLock，我们可以在类上点击ctrl+t来看看有哪些类实现了这个接口

　　使用方法

private Lock l = new ReentrantLock();            
try{
    l.lock();
    if(ticketCount > 0){                    
    try {
         Thread.sleep(100);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
     }
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "卖出了第"+(ticketCount--)+"张票");
     }                
    }
    finally{
    l.unlock();                
  }

特别注意，要在最后unlock锁，否则这个锁会一直锁着，导致别的无法使用

二，读锁和写锁

 这里有一个例子，读写锁的缓存应用，如下所示

package cn.unis;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class CacheDemo {
    public Map<String, Object> cached = new HashMap<String, Object>();

    private ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public Object getobject(String keyname) {
        rwl.readLock().lock(); // 读数据前先加锁
        Object value = null;
        try {
            value = cached.get(keyname);
            if (value == null) {   //发现数据是空的，则写数据，先开启写锁
                rwl.readLock().unlock();
                rwl.writeLock().lock();
                try {
                    if (value == "" || value == null) {
                        value = "test";
                    }
                } finally {
                    rwl.writeLock().lock();
                    rwl.readLock().lock();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            rwl.readLock().unlock();
        }

        return value;
    }
}

 三，Condition实现线程同步通信

类似于传统线程技术中的object.wait()和object.notifyall()方法

可以这样说，他替代了wait方法，用的是如下的代码，注意，Condition是基于Lock的

    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

使用方法是：

        condition.await();
        condition.signal();

 在SDK里面有一个例子，缓冲区的例子，可以参考一下

 class BoundedBuffer {
   final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
   final Condition notFull  = lock.newCondition(); 
   final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); 

   final Object[] items = new Object[100];
   int putptr, takeptr, count;

   public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException {
     lock.lock();
     try {
       while (count == items.length) 
         notFull.await();
       items[putptr] = x; 
       if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;
       ++count;
       notEmpty.signal();
     } finally {
       lock.unlock();
     }
   }

   public Object take() throws InterruptedException {
     lock.lock();
     try {
       while (count == 0) 
         notEmpty.await();
       Object x = items[takeptr]; 
       if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;
       --count;
       notFull.signal();
       return x;
     } finally {
       lock.unlock();
     }
   } 
 }