管理信息系统课程设计

一、系统概要说明

这个系统是一个动漫小论坛，一些动漫爱好者可以在此系统上讨论分析相关爱好的动漫，与漫友们一起讨论或者吐槽看动漫一大乐趣。进入到系统首页后，通过注册和登录用户名，即可以在小论坛上发布自己的槽点，与其他用户的互动可以有搜索，评论，点赞，收藏等。

二、网站结构设计

三、模块详细设计

1、首页

首页是作为父模板，内容主要有导航栏，在更新其他页面的时候，导航栏保持不变。导航栏包括：首页，发布信息，搜索栏，登录，注册等。

  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html lang="en">
  3 <head>
  4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5     <title>
  6 {%block title %}{% endblock %}
  7 
  8       首页</title>
  9     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/base.css">
 10     <script src="../static/js/base.js"></script>
 11     <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
 12     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"></script>
 13 
 14     {% block head %}
 15     {% endblock %}
 16 </head>
 17 <body class="backgroud" id="myBody">
 18 
 19 
 20 <nav class="navbar navbar-default " role="navigation">
 21     <div class="container-fluid">
 22         <div class="navbar-header">
 23             <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url_for('index')}}">首页</a>
 24             <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url_for('question') }}">发布问答</a>
 25             <form action="{{ url_for('search') }}" method="get" class="navbar-form navbar-left">
 26                 <input name="q" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入关键字">
 27                 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span>查找</button>
 28     </form>
 29         </div>
 30         <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
 31             {% if username %}
 32                 <li><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id=session.get('userid'),tag=1) }}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>{{ session.get('user') }}</a></li>
 33                 <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout')}}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-repeat"></span>注销</a></li>
 34             {% else %}
 35                 <li><a href="{{ url_for('login')}}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-log-in"></span> 登录</a></li>
 36                 <li><a href="{{ url_for('register')}}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> 注册</a></li>
 37             {% endif %}
 38         </ul>
 39  </div>
 40 
 41 </nav>
 42 
 43 </body>
 44 {% block main %}
 45 
 46 <h2>ONE PIECE</h2>
 47 
 48 <nav>
 49     <img id="myOnOff" onclick="mySwitch()"
 50          src="http://cdn5.lizhi.fm/audio_cover/2016/05/11/28444058722652679_320x320.jpg" width="30px">
 51     <script>
 52         document.write(Date())
 53     </script>
 54 </nav>
 55 
 56 <div class="area"></div>
 57 
 58 <div class="haizeiwang">
 59     <div class="img">
 60         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 61 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
 62                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
 63 %3D580/sign=b18fc3697dc6a7efb926a82ecdfbafe9/e5f5bc3eb13533fad415f598a3d3fd1f40345b96.jpg"
 64 ></a>
 65         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 66 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">路飞</a></div>
 67     </div>
 68 
 69     <div class="img">
 70         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 71 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
 72                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
 73 %3D580/sign=91526eaf26f5e0feee1889096c6134e5/69e7d1c8a786c9171e73338fc23d70cf3ac757c5.jpg"
 74 ></a>
 75         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 76 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">艾斯</a></div>
 77     </div>
 78 
 79     <div class="img">
 80         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 81 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
 82                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
 83 %3D580/sign=95cda2859a8fa0ec7fc764051696594a/2b076059252dd42adf29611d083b5bb5c9eab816.jpg"
 84 ></a>
 85         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 86 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">罗</a></div>
 87     </div>
 88 
 89     <div class="img">
 90         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 91 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
 92                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
 93 %3D580/sign=f9d9f398a3d3fd1f3609a232004f25ce/2e360ef41bd5ad6ea696045c8acb39dbb7fd3cc2.jpg"
 94 ></a>
 95         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
 96 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">罗宾</a></div>
 97     </div>
 98 
 99     <div class="img">
100         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
101 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
102                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
103 %3D580/sign=b9dda2b0a4c379317d688621dbc5b784/d4151f30e924b899682c198e65061d950a7bf626.jpg"
104 ></a>
105         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
106 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">萨博</a></div>
107     </div>
108 
109     <div class="img">
110         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
111 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
112                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
113 %3D580/sign=2e625a35042442a7ae0efdade142ad95/c53fb31bb051f819362b63fcd1b44aed2e73e72c.jpg"
114 ></a>
115         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
116 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">明哥</a></div>
117     </div>
118 
119     <div class="img">
120         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
121 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
122                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
123 %3D580/sign=f3d6d74d32dbb6fd255be52e3925aba6/4f34ebc4b74543a9202a997a15178a82b9011404.jpg"
124 ></a>
125         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
126 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">香吉</a></div>
127     </div>
128 
129     <div class="img">
130         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
131 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
132                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
133 %3D580/sign=22df6f5dbdfd5266a72b3c1c9b199799/17e9b74543a982266ce848918182b9014a90eb0d.jpg"
134 ></a>
135         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
136 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">娜美</a></div>
137     </div>
138 
139     <div class="img">
140         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
141 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
142                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
143 %3D580/sign=f560a558bf8f8c54e3d3c5270a282dee/01324134970a304e7f2ec34cdac8a786c9175c21.jpg"
144 ></a>
145         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
146 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">乔巴</a></div>
147     </div>
148 
149     <div class="img">
150         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
151 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
152                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
153 %3D580/sign=e06e8d3241ed2e73fce98624b700a16d/f4d7513d269759eeeb79027db9fb43166d22df0d.jpg"
154 ></a>
155         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
156 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">索隆</a></div>
157     </div>
158 
159     <div class="img">
160         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
161 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
162                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
163 %3D580/sign=1e086057242eb938ec6d7afae56385fe/aa639258d109b3ded66d87dec7bf6c81810a4c67.jpg"
164 ></a>
165         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
166 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">红发</a></div>
167     </div>
168 
169     <div class="img">
170         <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
171 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&"><img
172                 src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/forum/w
173 %3D580/sign=6590facdda1373f0f53f6f97940e4b8b/26994aed2e738bd407cfd087aa8b87d6267ff94c.jpg"
174 ></a>
175         <div class="desc"><a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/p/5428362063?
176 lp=home_main_thread_pb&mo_device=1&pn=0&">汉库克</a></div>
177     </div>
178 </div>
179 
180 
181 {% endblock %}
182 </body>
183 
184 </html>

2、注册、登录

在发布信息需要用户的注册和登录，如用户为登录，进入发布信息页面则会跳转登录页面。

<h2 >登录</h2>
     <form action="{{url_for('login') }}" method="post">
        <div class="input_box" >
            账户：<input id="uname" type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username">
        </div>
        <div class="input_box">
            密码：<input id="upass" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password">
        </div>
        <div id="error_box"><br></div>
        <div class="input_box">
            <button onclick="fnLogin()">登录</button>

        </div>

<h2>注册</h2>
     <form action="{{url_for('register') }}" method="post">

         <div class="input_box">
             <div class="col-sm-10">
             请输入账号：<input labid="uname" type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username">
             </div>
         </div>
         <div class="col-sm-10">
             请输入昵称：<input id="nickname" type="text"  placeholder="请输入昵称" name="nickname">
         </div>

         <div class="input_box">
             <div class="col-sm-10">
             请输入密码：<input id="upass" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password">
             </div>
         </div>

         <div class="input_box">
             <div class="col-sm-10">
            请确认密码：<input id="upass1" type="password" placeholder="再输入密码">
             </div><br>
         </div>

        <div id="error_box"> </div><br>

         <div class="input_box">
            <button onclick="fnLogin()" >注册</button>
         </div>

3、发布信息

在用户登录后，即可发布信息。

<form action="{{ url_for('question') }}" method="post">
        <h1>发布问答</h1>
        <div class="input_box">
            <label for="questionQuestion">标题：</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" rows="2" id="questionQuestion" typeof="text" placeholder="请输入标题..." style="width: 500px" name="title"></textarea></div>
        <div class="input_box">
            <label for="questionDetail">内容：</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" rows="6" id="questionDetail" typeof="text" placeholder="请输入内容..." style="width: 500px" name="detail"></textarea></div>

            <div id="error_box"><br></div>
        <div class="input_box">
        <button onclick="fnQuestion()">发布</button>
        </div>
            </form>

4、搜索功能

通过输入关键字，可以通过精确查询搜索所有发过的信息，包括标题，内容，和评论。

@app.route('/search/')
def search():
    sousuo = request.args.get('sousuo')  
    author = User.query.all()
    ydfabu = Fabu.query.filter(Fabu.yuedu > 5).all()
    fabus = Fabu.query.filter(
        or_(  # 两种查询条件
            Fb.title.contains(sousuo),  # contains模糊查询
            Fb.detail.contains(sousuo)  
        )
    ).order_by('-creat_time')
    return render_template('daohang.html', fb=fb, zz=zzr, yd=yd)

5、个人中心

个人中心根据session的ID进入，里面展示了用户发表的信息，用户收藏和评论的文章，以及用户的个人信息。

<h3 class="text-center">个人信息</h3>
    <ul>
        <li>用户：{{ username }}</li>
        <li>编号：{{ userid }}</li>
        <li>昵称：{{ nickname }}</li>
        <li>头像：<img src="https://ss1.bdstatic.com/70cFvXSh.jpg" ></li>
        <li>文章：{{ fabus|length }}篇</li>
        <li>评论：{{ comments|length }}条</li>
        <li>收藏文章：{{ shoucang|length }}篇</li>
    </ul>

四、数据库设计

使用工具：Navicat for MySQL

class User(db.Model):  # 创建类User
    __tablename__ = 'user'  # 类对应的表名user
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)  # autoincrement自增长
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)  # nullable是否为空
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)  # 密码加密内部使用
    nickname = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)

    @property  # 定义函数，需要用属性时可以用函数代替
    def password(self):  # 密码加密外部使用
        return self._password

    @password.setter
    def password(self, row_password):  # 密码进来时进行加密,generate_password_hash是一个密码加盐哈希函数，生成的哈希值可通过check_password_hash()进行验证。
        self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self, row_password):  # check_password_hash函数用于验证经过generate_password_hash哈希的密码。若密码匹配，则返回真，否则返回假。
        result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password)
        return result


class Fabu(db.Model):   # 问答
    __tablename__ = 'fabu'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    leixing = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)  # 提交时间会自己赋值
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))  # 数据类型是db.Integer，db.ForeignKey参数指定外键是哪个表中哪个id
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('fabu'))  # 建立关联，其author属性将返回与问答相关联的用户实例，相当于数据库中的表连接
    # 第一个参数表明这个关系的另一端是哪个类，第二个参数backref，将向User类中添加一个fabu属性，从而定义反向关系，这一属性可访问Fabu类，获取的是模型对象
    yuedu = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)


class Comment(db.Model):   # 评论
    __tablename__ = 'comment'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    fabu_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('fabu.id'))
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    fabu = db.relationship('Fabu',
                           backref=db.backref('comments', order_by=creat_time.desc))  # order_by=creat_time.desc按时间降序
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('comments'))


class Shoucang(db.Model):   # 收藏
    __tablename__ = 'shoucang'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    fabu_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('fabu.id'))
    fabu = db.relationship('Fabu', backref=db.backref('shoucangs'))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('shoucangs'))


class Dianzang(db.Model):   # 点赞
    __tablename__ = 'dianzang'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    fabu_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('fabu.id'))
    fabu = db.relationship('Fabu', backref=db.backref('dianzangs'))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('dianzangs'))

五、系统实现的关键算法与数据结构