maven 基础
一、maven-shade-plugin
maven 工程打包,包括工程依赖及对依赖包的重命名。
如下:打包并配置MainClass
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> <configuration> <filters> <filter> <artifact>*:*</artifact> <excludes> <exclude>META-INF/config.temp</exclude> </excludes> </filter> </filters> <transformers> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer"> <mainClass>com.***.***</mainClass> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource> </transformer> </transformers> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins>
二、Maven Scope
Dependency Scope 依赖范围:
* compile,缺省值,适用于所有阶段,会随着项目一起发布。
* provided,类似compile,期望JDK、容器或使用者会提供这个依赖。如servlet.jar。
* runtime,只在运行时使用,如JDBC驱动,适用运行和测试阶段。
* test,只在测试时使用,用于编译和运行测试代码。不会随项目发布。
* system,类似provided,需要显式提供包含依赖的jar,Maven不会在Repository中查找它。
1、compile (编译范围)
compile是默认的范围;如果没有提供一个范围,那该依赖的范围就是编译范围。编译范围依赖在所有的classpath 中可用,同时它们也会被打包。
2、provided (已提供范围)
provided 依赖只有在当JDK 或者一个容器已提供该依赖之后才使用。例如, 如果你开发了一个web 应用,你可能在编译 classpath 中需要可用的Servlet API 来编译一个servlet,但是你不会想要在打包好的WAR 中包含这个Servlet API;这个Servlet API JAR 由你的应用服务器或者servlet 容器提供。已提供范围的依赖在编译classpath (不是运行时)可用。它们不是传递性的,也不会被打包。
3、runtime (运行时范围)
runtime 依赖在运行和测试系统的时候需要,但在编译的时候不需要。比如,你可能在编译的时候只需要JDBC API JAR,而只有在运行的时候才需要JDBC
驱动实现。
4、test (测试范围)
test范围依赖 在一般的编译和运行时都不需要,它们只有在测试编译和测试运行阶段可用。
5、system (系统范围)
三、pom.xml 样例
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>**</groupId> <artifactId>**</artifactId> <packaging>pom</packaging> <version>1.0</version> <modules> <module>**</module> <module>**</module> </modules> <description>**</description> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version> <slf4j.api.version>1.7.14</slf4j.api.version> <log4j.slf4j.impl.version>2.5</log4j.slf4j.impl.version> <log4j.core.version>2.5</log4j.core.version> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> </properties> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>${jdk.version}</source> <target>${jdk.version}</target> <compilerVersion>${jdk.version}</compilerVersion> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>sonar-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> <profiles> <profile> <id>test</id> <properties> <build.profile>test</build.profile> <host.nexus.central> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/central </host.nexus.central> <host.nexus.release> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/releases </host.nexus.release> <host.nexus.public> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/public </host.nexus.public> <host.nexus.snapshots> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots </host.nexus.snapshots> </properties> <build> <filters> <filter>src/profiles/${build.profile}/config.properties</filter> </filters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> </profile> <profile> <id>dev</id> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> </activation> <properties> <build.profile>dev</build.profile> <host.nexus.central> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/central </host.nexus.central> <host.nexus.release> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/releases </host.nexus.release> <host.nexus.public> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/public </host.nexus.public> <host.nexus.snapshots> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots </host.nexus.snapshots> </properties> <build> <filters> <filter>src/profiles/${build.profile}/config.properties</filter> </filters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> </profile> <profile> <id>prod</id> <properties> <build.profile>prod</build.profile> <host.nexus.central> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/central </host.nexus.central> <host.nexus.release> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/releases </host.nexus.release> <host.nexus.public> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/public </host.nexus.public> <host.nexus.snapshots> http://host:port/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots </host.nexus.snapshots> </properties> <build> <filters> <filter>src/profiles/${build.profile}/config.properties</filter> </filters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> </profile> </profiles> <repositories> <repository> <id>nexus-central</id> <name>nexus central</name> <url>${host.nexus.central}</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>nexus-release</id> <name>nexus release</name> <url>${host.nexus.release}</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>nexus-snapshots</id> <name>nexus snapshots</name> <url>${host.nexus.snapshots}</url> <releases> <enabled>false</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.api.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId> <version>${log4j.slf4j.impl.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId> <version>${log4j.core.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
内置属性(Maven预定义可以直接使用)
${basedir} 项目根目录
${version}表示项目版本;
${project.basedir}同${basedir};
${project.version}表示项目版本,与${version}相同;
${project.build.directory} 构建目录,缺省为target
${project.build.sourceEncoding}表示主源码的编码格式;
${project.build.sourceDirectory}表示主源码路径;
${project.build.finalName}表示输出文件名称;
${project.build.outputDirectory} 构建过程输出目录,缺省为target/classes