状语和状语从句

状语和状语从句

目录

一、形容词（短语）和副词（短语）

1.1 形容词（短语）

  1. 放在系动词后面做表语
    1. 1：这几天他变坚强了：He becomes tough these days.
  2. 放在宾语后面做补语（略）
    1. 2：现实让他变坚强了：The reality makes him tough these days.
  3. 放在名词（短语）前面做定语：
    1. 3：这几天他变成了一个坚强的男人：He has become a tough man these day.
  4. 小结：形容词无论做什么成分都是修饰名词（短语）/代词的。

1.2 副词（短语）

  1. 副词修饰实义动词
    1. 4：他很可爱地笑了：He smiles sweetly.
  2. 副词修饰形容词
    1. 5：他看起来非常可爱：He looks pretty sweet.
  3. 副词修饰副词
    1. 6：他笑起来尤其可爱：He smiles especially sweetly.
  4. 副词修饰整个句子
    1. 7：幸运的是，他通过了这场考试：Luckily, he passed the examination.
  5. 小结：副词可以修饰实义动词（词组），形容词（短语），副词和整个句子，修饰的时候该副词就是状语，并且副词只能作状语。

二、什么是状语

2.1 定义

  1. 什么是状语：句子中，用来修饰实义动词（词组），形容词（短语），副词和整个句子的成分就是状语。

2.2 成分

  1. 副词：
    1. 8：她很可爱的笑了：She smiles sweetly.
  2. 副词短语：
    1. 9：我尝试了一遍又一遍：I tried again and again.
  3. 介词短语：
    1. 10：他跑起来像疯狗一样快：He runs fast like a crazy dog.
  4. 分词，不定式：
    1. 11：他走了，并且哭了：He leaves, crying.
  5. 从句

2.3 位置

  1. 状语的位置可以随便放置，一般放在句首或句末的情况居多。如果放在句首，通常用逗号隔开。
    1. 12：我正在重庆工作：In Chongqing, I am now working. / I am now working in Chongqing. / I am now in Chongqing working.

三、状语从句

3.1 状语从句引导词的分类标准

  1. 名词性从句引导词分类：按照从句类型分类

  2. 定语从句引导词分类：按照先行词的种类分类

  3. 状语从句引导词分类：按照引导词本身的意思分类，一共分为九大类：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，方式状语从句和比较状语从句。

3.2 时间状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：when，as，while，as soon as，before，after，since，till，until，not xxx until等
  2. 不常用引导词：the moment（一xxx就），every time（每当），the day（那一天），the instant（当xxx的时候），immediately（一xxx就），directly（一xxx就），no sooner xxx than（一xxx就），hardly xxx when（一xxx就），scarcely xxx when（一xxx就）

3.2.1 状语从句时态的问题

  1. 如果主句和从句的动作都尚未发生，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时
    1. 13：当爱来临的时候，我将握住她的手：When love comes, I will hold her hands.
  2. 除了主句和从句的动作都尚未发生的情况之外，句子该用什么时态就用什么时态
    1. 14：当爱来临的时候，我没能握住她的手：When love came, I failed to hold her hands.

3.2.2 when的特殊用法

  1. when引导的时间状语从句，如果主句和从句主语一致，并且从句的谓语中有be动词，此时从句的主语和be动词可以省略。
    1. 15：当我是一个小女孩的时候，我就喜欢上了Nick：When I was a litter girl, I loved Nick so much. / When a little girl, I loved Nick so much.
    2. 16：当我爱上Nick的时候，我能唱他的所有歌（从句谓语中没有be）：When I loved Jeff, I could sing all his songs.

3.2.3 until 和 not xxx until

  1. not xxx until中的not没有翻译成否定的意思。主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词就用not xxx until，否则用until。
    1. 17：我将在这等着直到你过来：I will wait here until you come.
    2. 18：直到你过来我才离开：I will not leave until you come.
    3. 19：直到我有了自己的女儿，我才意识到母亲的伟大：I did not realize the greatness of mothers until I had my own daughter.

3.3 地点状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：where等
    1. 20：花在潮湿的地方生长地很好：The flower grows well where it is moist. / The flower grows well in moist place.
    2. 注：通常where引导的状语从句，我们一般改写成介词短语做状语。
  2. 不常用引导词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere等
    1. 21：每当我看到城市中的农民工，它都会让我想起我的老父亲：Everywhere I see rural laborers in the city, it will remind me of my old father.
    2. 22：无论你在哪里，无论你在做什么，我只会在这里等着你：Wherever you go, whatever you do, I am just here waiting for you.

3.4 原因状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：because，since，as，for等
    1. 23：因为他粗心，他昨天出了一场车祸：Because he was careless, he had a car accident yesterday. / Because of his carelessness, he had a car accident yesterday.
  2. 不常用引导词：seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that，as much as，so much as等
  3. 注：一些介词短语，也翻译成“因为”，但是它们后面只能跟名词（短语），不能跟从句：because of，due to，owing to，thanks to，for the sake of，as a result of等。
    1. 注：due to通常放在句末，不放在句首；owing to通常放在句首，不放在句末。其他的短语可前可后。
      1. 24：因为这对夫妻的相互宽容，所以他们的婚姻持续了很久：Owing to tolerance between the couple, the marriage can last long. / The marriage can last long due to tolerance between the couple.

3.5 目的状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：so that，in order that等
    1. 25：为了能有一个更美好的未来，我决定考研：I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates so that I could have a brighter future. / I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates in order to have a brightness future.
  2. 注：常见的动词不定式也可以表目的：to，in order to，so as to等，后跟动词原形，不跟从句。
    1. 注：in order to一定要保持前后主语一致，主语不一致只能用in order that。
      1. 26：为了不让儿女担心，慢慢老去的父母总对他们说着各种各样的谎话：Parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of in order that their daughters or sons will not worry about them. / In order not to make their children worry about them, parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies.
      2. 27：为了让他的家庭生活的很好，他工作非常努力（无法使用in order to）：He works hard in order that his family can live well.

3.6 结果状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：so xxx that，such xxx that等
  2. 不常用引导词：to the degree that，to the extent that，to such a degree that等
  3. so xxx that 和 such xxx that的区别：它们在意思上没有区别，但是such后跟名词（短语）；so后面跟形容词（短语）或副词（短语）
    1. 28：他是一个非常骄傲的男人，导致我们不太喜欢他：He is such a proud man that we fail to love him. / He is so proud that we fail to love him.
    2. 29：我妈妈很美，以致于很多中年男人喜欢她：My mother keeps so beautiful that many middle-aged men love her.
    3. 30：我很开心以致于我半夜唱歌：I am so delighted that I cannot help singing at midnight.
    4. 31：中国人变得更加自信，以致于他们不惧恐惧的勇敢追寻他们的梦想：Chinese become so self-confident at present that they dare pursue their dreams without any fear.

3.7 条件状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：if，unless（表示if not）等
  2. 不常用引导词：as/so long as（只要），only if（只要），providing/provided that（假如），suppose that（假如），in case that（以防），on condition that（如果）等
    1. 32：只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃：I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.
  3. 注：条件状语从句通常会被改写成虚拟语句
    1. 33：如果爱是一杯毒药，我也愿意一饮而尽：On condition that love is a cup of poison, I will drink it up without hesitating.

3.8 让步状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：though，although，even if，even though等
    1. 34：尽管Nick有一双大眼睛，他也是很帅的：Nick is a handsome boy although he has a pair of big eyes.
    2. 35：即使明星工作努力并且很帅的，但是盲目追星会浪费我们很多时间和精力：Pursuing stars blindly will waste a lot of time and energy although they may work hard or be quite handsome.
    3. 36：虽然成年人们都没有意识到这一点，但是环境污染是越来越严重的：Pollution becomes increasingly serious although a sea of adults fail to realize it.
  2. 不常用引导词：as，while（虽然，用在句首），no matter xxx（无论），in spite of the fact that（虽然），whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever等
  3. 注：作文中，几乎每句话后面都可以加一个由although引导的让步状语从句，拉长句子
    1. 37：宠物的确给我奶奶带来了很多快乐，虽然照顾它们很需要时间和精力：Pets indeed bring much delight for my grandma although taking care of them needs time and energy.

3.9 方式状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：as，as if，as though（好像，似乎）等
    1. 38：她和我说话的样子好像她是我妈一样：She talks with me as she is my mother.
  2. 不常用引导词：the way（方式）等
  3. 介词短语：by，through，in xxx way，in xxx manner（以xxx的方式）等
    1. 39：通过一种冷静的、客观的方式，这个密码被他破解了：The password was decoded by him in a dispassionate and objective manner.

3.10 比较状语从句

  1. 常用引导词：as，than等
  2. 不常用引导词：the more xxx the more xxx，more than，more xxx than xxx，not so much xxx as xxx等
  3. *as xxx as xxx 原级的比较：
    1. 40：巩俐看起来优雅的像一朵花，她能够让人们窒息：Gong Li looks as graceful as a red rose, who can take many people's breath away.
    2. 注：as xxx as xxx的用法和so xxx that xxx 一样，有形容词（短语）、副词（短语）的地方就可以使用。
  4. the more xxx the more xxx：
    1. 41：越努力，越幸运：The harder one works, the luckier he will feel.
    2. 注：正式用于中，代词you经常用one代替
      1. 42：你爬得越高，就看得越远：The higher one climbs, the father he will look.
  5. more than的用法：
    1. 后加名词短语，翻译成“不仅仅是”
      1. 43：他不仅仅是老师，同时，他也会在空闲时间写一些诗歌：He is more than a teacher. In fact, he can write some poems in his spare time.
    2. 后加形容词（短语），翻译成“非常”
      1. 44：美国对陌生人非常好客：Americans are more than hospitable facing strangers.
    3. 后加数词，翻译成“多余，超过，比xxx多”
      1. 45：我有超过10个女朋友：I have more than 10 girlfriends.
    4. 后加动词（词组），翻译成“不仅仅是”
      1. 46：他们可能教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱，但是他们大多数人很少或没有对涉及道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考：They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgement.
  6. not so much as == not even 甚至不/没有：
    1. 47：他甚至不会唱一首歌：He cannot so much as sing a song.
    2. 48：我去他实验室时，他甚至不邀请我喝一杯茶：He did not so much as ask me to have a cup of tea when I visited his lab.
  7. not so much A as B 与其说A，倒不如说B：
    1. 49：与其说他诗歌老师，倒不如说他是个诗人：He is not so much a teacher as a poet.
  8. more A than B 与其说A，不如说B：
    1. 50：与其说他诗歌老师，倒不如说他是个诗人：He is more a teacher than a poet.

四、分词作状语

4.1 状语从句转化成分词作状语

51：如果冬天来了，春天就不远了：If winter comes, spring will arrive soon.

52：当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我特别渴望长大：When I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.

  1. 把状语从句的引导词if去掉
    1. Winter comes, spring will arrive soon.
  2. 把从句的动词（词组）变成不是动词（词组）（非谓语结构）
    1. Winter coming, spring will arrive soon.
  3. 非谓语部分的主语和后面句子的主语一致，分词的主语省略；不一致，分词的主语保留。
    1. Winter coming, spring will arrive soon.（独立主格）
    2. Being a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.（非谓语做状语）
  4. 练习：
    1. 53：工作结束后，我们都各自回家了：After the job was finished, we went home respectively. / The job finished, we went home respectively.
    2. 54：因为我胖，所以我很快乐：Because I am fat, I feel delighted. / Being fat, I feel delighted.

4.2 次要的句子转化成分词作状语

  1. 不是出现状语从句才能出现分词作状语，只要有意识的用逗号连接两个句子，都可以把那个次要的句子变成分词作状语。
    1. 55：那个老妇人坐在角落里，眼里充满了泪水：The old lady sitting in the corner, her eyes are filled with tears.
    2. 56：自信是一种积极的心态，它能使很多奇迹降临：Being an active mentality, self-confidence enables many miracles to happen.

五、状语和状语从句的应用

5.1 写作

  1. 使用状语把句子随意拉长
    1. 57：我正在看Nick写的书：I am reading the book written by Nick.
    2. 58：加个副词（短语）：I am reading the book written by Nick diligently.
    3. 59：加个时间：I am reading the book written by Nick at the moment.
    4. 60：加个地点：I am reading the book written by Nick either on the playground or in the street.
    5. 61：加个原因：I am reading the book written by Nick because it is so interesting and attractive.
    6. 62：加个让步：Although I don't want to take part in any examination, I am reading the book written by Nick.
    7. 63：加个结果状语：I am reading the book written by Nick so crazily that I always forget to sleep at night.
    8. 64：加个目的状语：I am reading the book written by Nick in order that I can improve my grammar as quickly as possible.
    9. 65：写成比较结构：As diligently as a bee, I am reading the book written by Nick.

六、课后练兵

  1. 66：你可以像猪一样生活，但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐：Although one can live as if he were a pig, he can never be as happy as a pig.
  2. 67：我借这次机会向给我第一手帮助的老师表示真心的感谢：BY the chance, I show sincere gratitude to my teacher who gave me first-hand help. / I take the chance to show sincere gratitude to my teacher who gave me first-hand help.
  3. 68：虽然几乎每个人从小就知道，一个诚实的人才是一个完整的人，但是社会上仍有很多不诚实的人：Although almost every one knows that a man of integrity is one of integrity when young, there still exist a sea of dishonest persons in our society.
  4. 69：时间就是如此宝贵，以至于无论如何度过都是一种浪费：Time seems so precious that it is a waste however we spend it.
  5. 70：因为我的母亲需要人照顾，而这份工作又让我很忙，所以我决定辞职：I am determined to quit because my mother needs to be cared while the job keeps me busy all the time.
  6. 71：为了实现我的梦想，我一直在思考该不该和男朋友分手：In order to realize my dream, I am thinking whether I should separate with my boyfriend.
  7. 72：有学校的地方，司机应该缓行：Drivers should slow down where there are schools.
  8. 73：看完北大的宣传片——《星空日记》，我明白了其实梦想有时候比苟活更重要：Having seen the advertising video about Peking University--Journey to the Star, I realize that dreams, to be sure, sometimes are more important than ignoble existence.
  9. 74：他们在墙壁上刻字，以便使后人记得他们做过的事情：They carved the words on the wall in order that the future generation can remember what they had done.
  10. 75：如果你知道自己的目标是什么，知识就能帮你达到这个目标：Knowledge helps you to reach the destination provided that you know what the destination is.

七、背诵单词

respectively adv.各自地

八、背诵句子

  1. 这几天他变坚强了：He becomes tough these days.
  2. 现实让他变坚强了：The reality makes him tough these days.
  3. 这几天他变成了一个坚强的男人：He has become a tough man these day.
  4. 他很可爱地笑了：He smiles sweetly.
  5. 他看起来非常可爱：He looks pretty sweet.
  6. 他笑起来尤其可爱：He smiles especially sweetly.
  7. 幸运的是，他通过了这场考试：Luckily, he passed the examination.
  8. 她很可爱的笑了：She smiles sweetly.
  9. 我尝试了一遍又一遍：I tried again and again.
  10. 他跑起来像疯狗一样快：He runs fast like a crazy dog.
  11. 他走了，并且哭了：He leaves, crying.
  12. 我正在重庆工作：In Chongqing, I am now working. / I am now working in Chongqing. / I am now in Chongqing working.
  13. 当爱来临的时候，我将握住她的手：When love comes, I will hold her hands.
  14. 当爱来临的时候，我没能握住她的手：When love came, I failed to hold her hands.
  15. 当我是一个小女孩的时候，我就喜欢上了Nick：When I was a litter girl, I loved Nick so much. / When a little girl, I loved Nick so much.
  16. 当我爱上Nick的时候，我能唱他的所有歌（从句谓语中没有be）：When I loved Jeff, I could sing all his songs.
  17. 我将在这等着直到你过来：I will wait here until you come.
  18. 直到你过来我才离开：I will not leave until you come.
  19. 直到我有了自己的女儿，我才意识到母亲的伟大：I did not realize the greatness of mothers until I had my own daughter.
  20. 花在潮湿的地方生长地很好：The flower grows well where it is moist. / The flower grows well in moist place.
  21. 每当我看到城市中的农民工，它都会让我想起我的老父亲：Everywhere I see rural laborers in the city, it will remind me of my old father.
  22. 无论你在哪里，无论你在做什么，我只会在这里等着你：Wherever you go, whatever you do, I am just here waiting for you.
  23. 因为他粗心，他昨天出了一场车祸：Because he was careless, he had a car accident yesterday. / Because of his carelessness, he had a car accident yesterday.
  24. 因为这对夫妻的相互宽容，所以他们的婚姻持续了很久：Owing to tolerance between the couple, the marriage can last long. / The marriage can last long due to tolerance between the couple.
  25. 为了能有一个更美好的未来，我决定考研：I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates so that I could have a brighter future. / I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates in order to have a brightness future.
  26. 为了不让儿女担心，慢慢老去的父母总对他们说着各种各样的谎话：Parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of in order that their daughters or sons will not worry about them. / In order not to make their children worry about them, parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies.
  27. 为了让他的家庭生活的很好，他工作非常努力（无法使用in order to）：He works hard in order that his family can live well.
  28. 他是一个非常骄傲的男人，导致我们不太喜欢他：He is such a proud man that we fail to love him. / He is so proud that we fail to love him.
  29. 我妈妈很美，以致于很多中年男人喜欢她：My mother keeps so beautiful that many middle-aged men love her.
  30. 我很开心以致于我半夜唱歌：I am so delighted that I cannot help singing at midnight.
  31. 中国人变得更加自信，以致于他们不惧恐惧的勇敢追寻他们的梦想：Chinese become so self-confident at present that they dare pursue their dreams without any fear.
  32. 只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃：I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.
  33. 如果爱是一杯毒药，我也愿意一饮而尽：On condition that love is a cup of poison, I will drink it up without hesitating.
  34. 尽管Nick有一双大眼睛，他也是很帅的：Nick is a handsome boy although he has a pair of big eyes.
  35. 即使明星工作努力并且很帅的，但是盲目追星会浪费我们很多时间和精力：Pursuing stars blindly will waste a lot of time and energy although they may work hard or be quite handsome.
  36. 虽然成年人们都没有意识到这一点，但是环境污染是越来越严重的：Pollution becomes increasingly serious although a sea of adults fail to realize it.
  37. 宠物的确给我奶奶带来了很多快乐，虽然照顾它们很需要时间和精力：Pets indeed bring much delight for my grandma although taking care of them needs time and energy.
  38. 她和我说话的样子好像她是我妈一样：She talks with me as she is my mother.
  39. 通过一种冷静的、客观的方式，这个密码被他破解了：The password was decoded by him in a dispassionate and objective manner.
  40. 巩俐看起来优雅的像一朵花，她能够让人们窒息：Gong Li looks as graceful as a red rose, who can take many people's breath away.
  41. 越努力，越幸运：The harder one works, the luckier he will feel.
  42. 你爬得越高，就看得越远：The higher one climbs, the father he will look.
  43. 他不仅仅是老师，同时，他也会在空闲时间写一些诗歌：He is more than a teacher. In fact, he can write some poems in his spare time.
  44. 美国对陌生人非常好客：Americans are more than hospitable facing strangers.
  45. 我有超过10个女朋友：I have more than 10 girlfriends.
  46. 他们可能教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱，但是他们大多数人很少或没有对涉及道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考：They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgement.
  47. 他甚至不会唱一首歌：He cannot so much as sing a song.
  48. 我去他实验室时，他甚至不邀请我喝一杯茶：He did not so much as ask me to have a cup of tea when I visited his lab.
  49. 与其说他诗歌老师，倒不如说他是个诗人：He is not so much a teacher as a poet.
  50. 与其说他诗歌老师，倒不如说他是个诗人：He is more a teacher than a poet.
  51. 如果冬天来了，春天就不远了：If winter comes, spring will arrive soon.
  52. 当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我特别渴望长大：When I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
  53. 工作结束后，我们都各自回家了：After the job was finished, we went home respectively. / The job finished, we went home respectively.
  54. 因为我胖，所以我很快乐：Because I am fat, I feel delighted. / Being fat, I feel delighted.
  55. 那个老妇人坐在角落里，眼里充满了泪水：The old lady sitting in the corner, her eyes are filled with tears.
  56. 自信是一种积极的心态，它能使很多奇迹降临：Being an active mentality, self-confidence enables many miracles to happen.
  57. 我正在看Nick写的书：I am reading the book written by Nick.
  58. 加个副词（短语）：I am reading the book written by Nick diligently.
  59. 加个时间：I am reading the book written by Nick at the moment.
  60. 加个地点：I am reading the book written by Nick either on the playground or in the street.
  61. 加个原因：I am reading the book written by Nick because it is so interesting and attractive.
  62. 加个让步：Although I don't want to take part in any examination, I am reading the book written by Nick.
  63. 加个结果状语：I am reading the book written by Nick so crazily that I always forget to sleep at night.
  64. 加个目的状语：I am reading the book written by Nick in order that I can improve my grammar as quickly as possible.
  65. 写成比较结构：As diligently as a bee, I am reading the book written by Nick.
  66. 你可以像猪一样生活，但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐：Although one can live as if he were a pig, he can never be as happy as a pig.
  67. 我借这次机会向给我第一手帮助的老师表示真心的感谢：BY the chance, I show sincere gratitude to my teacher who gave me first-hand help. / I take the chance to show sincere gratitude to my teacher who gave me first-hand help.
  68. 虽然几乎每个人从小就知道，一个诚实的人才是一个完整的人，但是社会上仍有很多不诚实的人：Although almost every one knows that a man of integrity is one of integrity when young, there still exist a sea of dishonest persons in our society.
  69. 时间就是如此宝贵，以至于无论如何度过都是一种浪费：Time seems so precious that it is a waste however we spend it.
  70. 因为我的母亲需要人照顾，而这份工作又让我很忙，所以我决定辞职：I am determined to quit because my mother needs to be cared while the job keeps me busy all the time.
  71. 为了实现我的梦想，我一直在思考该不该和男朋友分手：In order to realize my dream, I am thinking whether I should separate with my boyfriend.
  72. 有学校的地方，司机应该缓行：Drivers should slow down where there are schools.
  73. 看完北大的宣传片——《星空日记》，我明白了其实梦想有时候比苟活更重要：Having seen the advertising video about Peking University--Journey to the Star, I realize that dreams, to be sure, sometimes are more important than ignoble existence.
  74. 他们在墙壁上刻字，以便使后人记得他们做过的事情：They carved the words on the wall in order that the future generation can remember what they had done.
  75. 如果你知道自己的目标是什么，知识就能帮你达到这个目标：Knowledge helps you to reach the destination provided that you know what the destination is.
posted @ 2019-10-20 16:16  B站-水论文的程序猿  阅读(1508)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报