Python程序中的线程操作-concurrent模块
Python从入门到放弃完整教程目录：https://www.cnblogs.com/nickchen121/p/10718112.html
一、Python标准模块——concurrent.futures
官方文档：https://docs.python.org/dev/library/concurrent.futures.html
二、介绍
concurrent.futures模块提供了高度封装的异步调用接口
ThreadPoolExecutor：线程池，提供异步调用
ProcessPoolExecutor：进程池，提供异步调用
Both implement the same interface, which is defined by the abstract Executor class.
三、基本方法
submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)：异步提交任务
map(func, \\\*iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1)：取代for循环submit的操作
shutdown(wait=True)：相当于进程池的pool.close()+pool.join()操作
- wait=True，等待池内所有任务执行完毕回收完资源后才继续
- wait=False，立即返回，并不会等待池内的任务执行完毕
- 但不管wait参数为何值，整个程序都会等到所有任务执行完毕
- submit和map必须在shutdown之前
result(timeout=None)：取得结果
add_done_callback(fn)：回调函数
done()：判断某一个线程是否完成
cancle()：取消某个任务
四、ProcessPoolExecutor
#介绍
The ProcessPoolExecutor class is an Executor subclass that uses a pool of processes to execute calls asynchronously. ProcessPoolExecutor uses the multiprocessing module, which allows it to side-step the Global Interpreter Lock but also means that only picklable objects can be executed and returned.
class concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, mp_context=None)
An Executor subclass that executes calls asynchronously using a pool of at most max_workers processes. If max_workers is None or not given, it will default to the number of processors on the machine. If max_workers is lower or equal to 0, then a ValueError will be raised.
#用法
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
import os,time,random
def task(n):
print('%s is runing' %os.getpid())
time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
return n**2
if __name__ == '__main__':
executor=ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=3)
futures=[]
for i in range(11):
future=executor.submit(task,i)
futures.append(future)
executor.shutdown(True)
print('+++>')
for future in futures:
print(future.result())
五、ThreadPoolExecutor
#介绍
ThreadPoolExecutor is an Executor subclass that uses a pool of threads to execute calls asynchronously.
class concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='')
An Executor subclass that uses a pool of at most max_workers threads to execute calls asynchronously.
Changed in version 3.5: If max_workers is None or not given, it will default to the number of processors on the machine, multiplied by 5, assuming that ThreadPoolExecutor is often used to overlap I/O instead of CPU work and the number of workers should be higher than the number of workers for ProcessPoolExecutor.
New in version 3.6: The thread_name_prefix argument was added to allow users to control the threading.Thread names for worker threads created by the pool for easier debugging.
#用法
与ProcessPoolExecutor相同
六、map的用法
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
import os,time,random
def task(n):
print('%s is runing' %os.getpid())
time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))
return n**2
if __name__ == '__main__':
executor=ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3)
# for i in range(11):
# future=executor.submit(task,i)
executor.map(task,range(1,12)) #map取代了for+submit
七、回调函数
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
from multiprocessing import Pool
import requests
import json
import os
def get_page(url):
print('<进程%s> get %s' %(os.getpid(),url))
respone=requests.get(url)
if respone.status_code == 200:
return {'url':url,'text':respone.text}
def parse_page(res):
res=res.result()
print('<进程%s> parse %s' %(os.getpid(),res['url']))
parse_res='url:<%s> size:[%s]\n' %(res['url'],len(res['text']))
with open('db.txt','a') as f:
f.write(parse_res)
if __name__ == '__main__':
urls=[
'https://www.baidu.com',
'https://www.python.org',
'https://www.openstack.org',
'https://help.github.com/',
'http://www.sina.com.cn/'
]
# p=Pool(3)
# for url in urls:
# p.apply_async(get_page,args=(url,),callback=pasrse_page)
# p.close()
# p.join()
p=ProcessPoolExecutor(3)
for url in urls:
p.submit(get_page,url).add_done_callback(parse_page) #parse_page拿到的是一个future对象obj，需要用obj.result()拿到结果
