解决粘包问题
目录
Python从入门到放弃完整教程目录:https://www.cnblogs.com/nickchen121/p/10718112.html
一、解决粘包问题(low版)
问题的根源在于,接收端不知道发送端将要传送的字节流的长度,所以解决粘包的方法就是围绕,如何让发送端在发送数据前,把自己将要发送的字节流总大小让接收端知晓,然后接收端来一个死循环接收完所有数据。
1.1 服务端
import socket, subprocess
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
server.listen(5)
while True:
conn, addr = server.accept()
print('start...')
while True:
cmd = conn.recv(1024)
print('cmd:', cmd)
obj = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf8'),
shell=True,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout = obj.stdout.read()
if stdout:
ret = stdout
else:
stderr = obj.stderr.read()
ret = stderr
ret_len = len(ret)
conn.send(str(ret_len).encode('utf8'))
data = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf8')
if data == 'recv_ready':
conn.sendall(ret)
conn.close()
server.close()
1.2 客户端
import socket
client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
while True:
msg = input('please enter your cmd you want>>>').strip()
if len(msg) == 0: continue
client.send(msg.encode('utf8'))
length = int(client.recv(1024))
client.send('recv_ready'.encode('utf8'))
send_size = 0
recv_size = 0
data = b''
while recv_size < length:
data = client.recv(1024)
recv_size += len(data)
print(data.decode('utf8'))
1.3 为何low
程序的运行速度远快于网络传输速度,所以在发送一段字节前,先用send去发送该字节流长度,这种方式会放大网络延迟带来的性能损耗
二、补充struct模块
2.1 简单使用
import struct
import json
# 'i'是格式
try:
obj = struct.pack('i', 1222222222223)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
obj = struct.pack('i', 1222)
print(obj, len(obj))
'i' format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647
b'\xc6\x04\x00\x00' 4
res = struct.unpack('i', obj)
print(res[0])
1222
三、解决粘包问题(Nick版)
解决粘包问题的核心就是:为字节流加上自定义固定长度报头,报头中包含字节流长度,然后一次send到对端,对端在接收时,先从缓存中取出定长的报头,然后再取真实数据。
3.1 使用struct模块创建报头
import json
import struct
header_dic = {
'filename': 'a.txt',
'total_size':
111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222223131232,
'hash': 'asdf123123x123213x'
}
header_json = json.dumps(header_dic)
header_bytes = header_json.encode('utf-8')
print(len(header_bytes))
# 'i'是格式
obj = struct.pack('i', len(header_bytes))
print(obj, len(obj))
223
b'\xdf\x00\x00\x00' 4
res = struct.unpack('i', obj)
print(res[0])
223
3.2 服务端
from socket import *
import subprocess
import struct
import json
server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
server.listen(5)
print('start...')
while True:
conn, client_addr = server.accept()
print(conn, client_addr)
while True:
cmd = conn.recv(1024)
obj = subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf8'),
shell=True,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stderr = obj.stderr.read()
stdout = obj.stdout.read()
# 制作报头
header_dict = {
'filename': 'a.txt',
'total_size': len(stdout) + len(stderr),
'hash': 'xasf123213123'
}
header_json = json.dumps(header_dict)
header_bytes = header_json.encode('utf8')
# 1. 先把报头的长度len(header_bytes)打包成4个bytes,然后发送
conn.send(struct.pack('i', len(header_bytes)))
# 2. 发送报头
conn.send(header_bytes)
# 3. 发送真实的数据
conn.send(stdout)
conn.send(stderr)
conn.close()
server.close()
3.3 客户端
from socket import *
import json
import struct
client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8000))
while True:
cmd = input('please enter your cmd you want>>>')
if len(cmd) == 0: continue
client.send(cmd.encode('utf8'))
# 1. 先收4个字节,这4个字节中包含报头的长度
header_len = struct.unpack('i', client.recv(4))[0]
# 2. 再接收报头
header_bytes = client.recv(header_len)
# 3. 从包头中解析出想要的东西
header_json = header_bytes.decode('utf8')
header_dict = json.loads(header_json)
total_size = header_dict['total_size']
# 4. 再收真实的数据
recv_size = 0
res = b''
while recv_size < total_size:
data = client.recv(1024)
res += data
recv_size += len(data)
print(res.decode('utf8'))
client.close()
四、TCP协议粘包问题分析
1.nagle算法规定,TCP协议会将数据量较小、时间间隔短的数据合并为一条发送给客户端
4.1 服务端
from socket import *
server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
server.listen(5)
conn, addr = server.accept()
# 正确做法,客户端制作报头
# res1 = conn.recv(5)
# print('第一次;', res1)
# res2 = conn.recv(5)
# print('第二次;', res2)
# res3 = conn.recv(4)
# print('第三次;', res3)
# low方法+客户端的睡眠
res1 = conn.recv(1024)
print('第一次;', res1)
res2 = conn.recv(1024)
print('第二次;', res2)
res3 = conn.recv(1024)
print('第三次;', res3)
4.2 客户端
from socket import *
import time
client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8080))
client.send(b'hello')
client.send(b'world')
client.send(b'nick')
# 服务端收到b'helloworldnick'
client.send(b'hello')
time.sleep(0.2)
# 服务端收到b'hello'
client.send(b'world')
time.sleep(0.2)
# 服务端收到b'world'
client.send(b'nick')
# 服务端收到b'nick'
2.接收方不及时接收缓冲区的包,造成多个包接收(客户端发送了一段数据,服务端只收了一小部分,服务端下次再收的时候还是从缓冲区拿上次遗留的数据,产生粘包)
4.3 服务端
# _*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = 'nickchen121'
from socket import *
ip_port = ('127.0.0.1', 8080)
TCP_socket_server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
TCP_socket_server.bind(ip_port)
TCP_socket_server.listen(5)
conn, addr = TCP_socket_server.accept()
data1 = conn.recv(2) # 一次没有收完整
data2 = conn.recv(10) # 下次收的时候,会先取旧的数据,然后取新的
print('----->', data1.decode('utf-8'))
print('----->', data2.decode('utf-8'))
conn.close()
4.4 客户端
# _*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = 'nickchen121'
import socket
BUFSIZE = 1024
ip_port = ('127.0.0.1', 8080)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res = s.connect_ex(ip_port)
s.send('hello feng'.encode('utf-8'))