WCF扩展系列 - 行为扩展(Behaviors)

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/Creator/archive/2011/05/21/2052687.html

这个系列的第一部分将会重点关注WCF行为(behaviors),WCF提供了四种类型的行为:服务行为、终结点行为、契约行为和操作行为。这些行为的接口几乎是所有WCF的扩展入口。本篇文章只是对行为拓展讲述一些基础的铺设,具体到上面四个行为的扩展以及使用案例,将会在后续的文章中讲到.

Behaviors

上述这四个行为的所定义的接口分别是IServiceBehavior,IEndpointBehavior,IContractBehavior以及 IOperationBehavior。虽然是四个不同的接口,但它们的接口方法却基本相同,分别为 AddBindingParameters(),ApplyClientBehavior()以及ApplyDispatchBehavior()。注意,IServiceBehavior由于只能作用在服务端,因此并不包含ApplyClientBehavior()方法

public interface I[Service/Endpoint/Contract/Operation]Behavior { 
                void Validate(DescriptionObject); 
                void AddBindingParameters(DescriptionObject, BindingParameterCollection); 
                void ApplyDispatchBehavior(DescriptionObject, RuntimeObject); 
                void ApplyClientBehavior(DescriptionObject, RuntimeObject); // not on IServiceBehavior 
}

其中的方法描述如下:

  • AddBindingParameters用于向绑定元素传递自定义数据,以支持协定实现。
  • Validate:用于检查服务宿主和服务说明,从而确定服务是否可成功运行。
  • Apply[Client/Dispatch]Behavior这是我们可以引用和修改WCF运行时对象的地方,也是用得最多的行为方法(大部分情况,上两个方法都会留空)。用于更改运行时属性值或插入自定义扩展对象(例如错误处理程序、消息或参数拦截器、安全扩展以及其他自定义扩展对象)。

他们各自的作用范围如下图所示(引用自张逸):

image

 

增加一个行为(behaviors )

向WCF中增加行为有三种不同的方法:

    • 代码:service / endpoint / contract / operation 的描述类有一个behaviors集合属性,我们可以通过他简单的增加一个行为,具体做法,先将自定义服务行为添加到 Behaviors 属性,然后对 System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost 对象调用 ICommunicationObject.Open 方法。

    • 配置文件:通过配置文件system.serviceModel/behaviors 节点,我们可以指定service behaviors 和 endpoint behaviors,已达到添加行为的目的

    • 特性: 添加行为的简单方法是使用特性 — — 除了终结点行为。通过创建特性类 (基类型 = = System.Attribute) 和实现其中一个行为接口,您可以将特性应用于适当的元素,并添加行为到元素的描述。下面的代码显示了一个简单的服务,基于特性的行为的添加以及输出它们的调用顺序 (以及通过代码添加终结点行为)。

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
  3 using System.Reflection;
  4 using System.ServiceModel;
  5 using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
  6 using System.ServiceModel.Description;
  7 using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;
  8 
  9 namespace Behaviors
 10 {
 11     class MyServiceBehaviorAttribute : Attribute, IServiceBehavior
 12     {
 13         public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase, Collection<ServiceEndpoint> endpoints, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters)
 14         {
 15             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name);
 16         }
 17 
 18         public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase)
 19         {
 20             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name);
 21         }
 22 
 23         public void Validate(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase)
 24         {
 25             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name);
 26         }
 27     }
 28 
 29     class MyEndpointBehavior : IEndpointBehavior
 30     {
 31         public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters)
 32         {
 33             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, endpoint {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, endpoint.Name);
 34         }
 35 
 36         public void ApplyClientBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, ClientRuntime clientRuntime)
 37         {
 38             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, endpoint {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, endpoint.Name);
 39         }
 40 
 41         public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, EndpointDispatcher endpointDispatcher)
 42         {
 43             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, endpoint {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, endpoint.Name);
 44         }
 45 
 46         public void Validate(ServiceEndpoint endpoint)
 47         {
 48             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, endpoint {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, endpoint.Name);
 49         }
 50     }
 51 
 52     class MyContractBehaviorAttribute : Attribute, IContractBehavior
 53     {
 54         public void AddBindingParameters(ContractDescription contractDescription, ServiceEndpoint endpoint, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters)
 55         {
 56             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, contract {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, contractDescription.ContractType.Name);
 57         }
 58 
 59         public void ApplyClientBehavior(ContractDescription contractDescription, ServiceEndpoint endpoint, ClientRuntime clientRuntime)
 60         {
 61             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, contract {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, contractDescription.ContractType.Name);
 62         }
 63 
 64         public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ContractDescription contractDescription, ServiceEndpoint endpoint, DispatchRuntime dispatchRuntime)
 65         {
 66             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, contract {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, contractDescription.ContractType.Name);
 67         }
 68 
 69         public void Validate(ContractDescription contractDescription, ServiceEndpoint endpoint)
 70         {
 71             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, contract {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, contractDescription.ContractType.Name);
 72         }
 73     }
 74 
 75     class MyOperationBehaviorAttribute : Attribute, IOperationBehavior
 76     {
 77         public void AddBindingParameters(OperationDescription operationDescription, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters)
 78         {
 79             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, operation {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, operationDescription.Name);
 80         }
 81 
 82         public void ApplyClientBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, ClientOperation clientOperation)
 83         {
 84             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, operation {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, operationDescription.Name);
 85         }
 86 
 87         public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, DispatchOperation dispatchOperation)
 88         {
 89             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, operation {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, operationDescription.Name);
 90         }
 91 
 92         public void Validate(OperationDescription operationDescription)
 93         {
 94             Console.WriteLine("Inside {0}.{1}, operation {2}", this.GetType().Name, MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name, operationDescription.Name);
 95         }
 96     }
 97 
 98     [ServiceContract]
 99     [MyContractBehavior]
100     public interface ITest
101     {
102         [OperationContract]
103         [MyOperationBehavior]
104         int Add(int x, int y);
105         [OperationContract]
106         int Multiply(int x, int y);
107     }
108 
109     [ServiceContract]
110     [MyContractBehavior]
111     public interface ITest2
112     {
113         [OperationContract]
114         [MyOperationBehavior]
115         string Echo(string text);
116     }
117 
118     [MyServiceBehavior]
119     public class Service : ITest, ITest2
120     {
121         public int Add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
122         public int Multiply(int x, int y) { return x * y; }
123         public string Echo(string text) { return text; }
124     }
125 
126     class Program
127     {
128         static void Main(string[] args)
129         {
130             string baseAddress = "http://" + Environment.MachineName + ":8000/Service";
131             ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service), new Uri(baseAddress));
132             ServiceEndpoint ep1 = host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ITest), new BasicHttpBinding(), "basic");
133             ep1.Name = "Endpoint1-BasicHttp";
134             ep1.Behaviors.Add(new MyEndpointBehavior());
135             ServiceEndpoint ep2 = host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ITest2), new WSHttpBinding(), "ws");
136             ep2.Name = "Endpoint2-WSHttp";
137             ep2.Behaviors.Add(new MyEndpointBehavior());
138             Console.WriteLine("Opening the host...");
139             host.Open();
140             Console.WriteLine("Host opened");
141         }
142     }
143 }

 

 

      我并不认为这就是“最优”的添加方法,他只是描述通过特性增加行为的一个特定的例子而已,具体什么是“最优”的添加行为的方法呢?其实这就像软件架构一样,永远没有最好的架构,只有最合适的架构。所以具体项目里面采用哪种方式去添加来得具体情况具体分析。个人比较喜欢用使用配置文件添加的方法….

 

 


 在后面的文章中将会讲诉到具体的行为扩展,敬请期待..

 

        1.1.1. IServiceBehavior 
        1.1.2. IContractBehavior 
        1.1.3. IEndpointBehavior 
        1.1.4. IOperationBehavior

 


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posted @ 2015-08-13 15:13  dapeng888  阅读(1740)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报