管理电脑文件及文件夹

1、输出目录下所有文件及文件夹

(1)python操作系统接口模块   https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.7/library/os.html

   

 (2)获取当前python程序运行路径

import os
print(os.getcwd())
print(os.path.join('xuexi python','01变量.py'))

(3)让python自动处理路径连接

 (4)绝对路径与相对路径

   

 (5)列出当前程序文件夹(及指定文件夹)下的所有文件和文件夹

  

   

import os

print(os.getcwd())
print(os.path.join('xuexi python','01变量.py'))
print(os.listdir())             #列出当前程序文件夹下的所有文件和文件夹(列表形式)

for item in os.listdir():       #列出当前程序文件夹下的所有文件和文件夹
    print(item,os.path.isdir(item))

print(os.listdir('E:\Youku Files'))      #列出某个指定文件夹下的所有文件和文件夹(列表形式),英文路径

for file in os.scandir():
    print(file.name,file.path,file.is_dir())
    
for file in os.scandir('E:\Youku Files'):
    print((file.name,file.path,file.is_dir()))

2.遍历、搜索文件及查询文件信息 

(1)遍历文件夹

 

import os
for dirpath, dirnames, files in os.walk('E:\Youku Files'):
    print(f'发现文件夹:{dirpath}')
    print(files)

print('666good'.startswith('6'))
print('good.txt'.endswith('t'))

(2)搜索、匹配文件名称

     

import glob

print(glob.glob('1*.py'))
print(glob.glob('?1*.py'))
print(glob.glob('0[1-8]*.py'))
print(glob.glob('[1,0]*.py'))
print(glob.glob('[!1,6]*.py'))
print(glob.glob('*.txt', recursive= True))

import fnmatch

print(fnmatch.fnmatch('12函数使用.py','*使用.py'))
print(fnmatch.fnmatch('12函数使用.py','[0-9]?函数??.py'))

(3)查询文件信息

 

 

 

     

import os
import time
import datetime
for file in os.scandir():
    print(file.name,file.stat(),file.stat().st_size/1024,time.ctime(file.stat().st_mtime))
    file_time = file.stat().st_mtime
    print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(file_time))
print(os.stat('01变量.py'))

  

import datetime
normal_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1498912896)
print(normal_time,normal_time.year,normal_time.month,normal_time.day)

 3、写入和读取文件;创建临时文件及文件夹

(1)读取文件

f = open('file.txt','r',encoding= 'utf-8')
text = f.readlines()
print(text)
f.close
with open('D:\Desktop\快捷键.txt','r',encoding='ansi') as fi:
    text_fi = fi.readlines()
    print(text_fi)

 (2)写入文件的两种模式(覆盖写 和 接着写)

with open('file.txt','w',encoding= 'utf-8') as f:
    text = 'a\nb\nc\n'
    f.write(text)
    f.write('d')
with open('file.txt','a',encoding= 'utf-8') as f:
    f.write('\n')
    f.write('good')

 

 (3)创建临时文件和存储数据

from tempfile import TemporaryFile

f = TemporaryFile('w+')
f.write("good!good!")
f.seek(0)
data = f.readlines()
print(data)
f.close
with TemporaryFile("w+") as f:
    f.write("6jl very good")
    f.seek(0)
    data = f.readlines()
    print(data)

  

 (4)创建临时文件夹

from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory

with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_folder:
    print(f'临时文件夹已创建:{tmp_folder}')

 

 4、批量创建、复制、移动、删除、重命名文件及文件夹

 (1)创建文件夹

import os

if not os.path.exists("新文件夹"):
    os.mkdir('新文件夹')

 

 

import os

os.makedirs('一/二')

(2)复制文件、文件夹

 

import shutil
shutil.copy('file.txt','./新文件夹')
shutil.copy('file.txt','./新文件夹/new_file.txt')
shutil.copytree('','新文件夹1')

(3)移动文件和文件夹

  

import shutil

shutil.move('./新文件夹/file.txt','./一/二/file2.txt')
shutil.move("./一/二/file2.txt",'新文件夹/')
shutil.move("",'新文件夹1/')

(4)重命名文件和文件夹

import os
os.rename(
'新文件夹','文件夹new') os.rename('./文件夹new/文件夹一','./文件夹new/wjj') os.rename('./文件夹new/file2.txt','./文件夹new/file_new.txt')

 

 (5)删除文件,删除文件夹

   

import os
os.remove("./文件夹new/file2.txt")

import shutil
shutil.rmtree('./文件夹new')

 5、创建和解压压缩包

(1)读取压缩包

 

import zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile('xuexi.zip','r') as zipobj:
    for filename in zipobj.namelist():
        print(filename.encode('cp437').decode('gbk'))

# 读取压缩包内文件信息
import
zipfile with zipfile.ZipFile('xuexi.zip','r') as zipobj: for filename in zipobj.namelist(): info = zipobj.getinfo(filename) nfilename = filename.encode('cp437').decode('gbk') print(nfilename,info.file_size,info.compress_size,info)

(2)解压压缩包

 

import zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile('xuexi.zip','r') as zipobj:
    zipobj.extract('pyvenv.cfg','./xuexi/')
    zipobj.extractall(path= './xuexi')

(3)创建压缩包

 

import zipfile
file_list = ['01.txt','./02.txt']
with zipfile.ZipFile('newzip.zip','w') as zipobj:
    for file in file_list:
        zipobj.write(file)

 

posted on 2020-05-04 21:11  nfcf  阅读(1286)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报