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1、自建yum仓库,分别为网络源和本地源

本地源:

10.0.0.5搭建本地仓库:
[root@cenos7
~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom [root@cenos7 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo [CentOS7] name=CentOS7 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 [root@cenos7 ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile repo id repo name status CentOS7 CentOS7 10,072 repolist: 10,072 [root@cenos7 ~]# yum install -y httpd [root@cenos7 ~]# systemctl enable httpd --now [root@cenos7 ~]# cp -r /mnt/cdrom/ /var/www/html/CentOS7

10.0.0.7使用10.0.0.5仓库:
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base1.repo
    [BaseOS]
    name=BaseOS
    baseurl=http://10.0.0.5/CentOS7
    gpgcheck=0
    enable=1
[root@centos7 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                                                    repo name                                                                                  status
BaseOS                                                                                     BaseOS                                                                                     10,072
repolist: 10,072

网络源: 

[root@centos8 Packages]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[BaseOS]                                                                                                                                                                                    
name=BaseOS
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.163.com//centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/ 
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

[EPEL]
name=EPEL
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever
[root@centos8 Packages]# yum repolist
repo id                                                                                       repo name
AppStream                                                                                     AppStream
BaseOS                                                                                        BaseOS
EPEL                                                                                          EPEL
centosplus                                                                                    centosplus
extras                                                                                        extras

扩展:下载阿里云的extras源,制作私有yum源

[root@repo-server ~]#dnf reposync --repoid=extras --download-metadata -p  /var/www/html/centos

2、编译安装http2.4,实现可以正常访问,并将编译步骤和结果提交。

安装路径设定 --prefix=/PATH:指定默认安装位置,默认为/usr/local/ --sysconfdir=/PATH:配置文件安装位置 System types:支持交叉编译 软件特性和相关指定: Optional Features: 可选特性 --disable-FEATURE --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] Optional Packages: 可选包 --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] 依赖包 --without-PACKAGE 禁用依赖关系

#安装依赖包
[root@centos8 ~]# dnf install gcc make autoconf apr-devel apr-util-devel pcredevel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config
#准备安装包并解压
[root@centos8 ~]# tar zxvf httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
#./configure配置
[root@centos8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.48/
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.48]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl
#编译安装
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.48]# make && make install
#配置环境
[root@centos8 ~]# echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@centos8 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
#指定用户
[root@centos8 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/www -c Apache -u 48 apache
[root@centos8 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
user apache
group apache
#开启apachetcl
[root@centos8 ~]# apachectl start
#验证
[root@centos8 ~]# ps -aux |grep httpd
root       26844  0.0  0.3 103172  6308 ?        Ss   15:27   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
apache     26948  0.0  0.4 1323796 7676 ?        Sl   15:29   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
apache     26949  0.0  0.4 1323796 7676 ?        Sl   15:29   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
apache     26950  0.3  0.7 1323796 13796 ?       Sl   15:29   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
root       27040  0.0  0.0  12132  1024 pts/1    S+   15:29   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd

3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

[root@centos8 ~]# ifconfig eth0 |sed -nr "2s/[^0-9]+([0-9.]+).*/\1/p"
10.0.0.9

4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头,后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[root@centos8 ~]# cat -A /etc/fstab 
$
#$
# /etc/fstab$
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul  5 07:45:22 2021$
#$
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
#$
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
# units generated from this file.$
#$
UUID=dcd5339a-76e6-4673-bc37-320330b860bf /                       xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=204033f4-cb11-466d-9b57-e1605a89c49d /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=6796b590-6726-4d7e-ae58-8c761ae32882 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
UUID=e7f83157-0245-4857-afd9-5fe688715d4a none                    swap    defaults        0 0$
[root@centos8 ~]# sed -E '/^#/s@^#|[ \t]+@@g' /etc/fstab


/etc/fstab
CreatedbyanacondaonMonJul507:45:222021

Accessiblefilesystems,byreference,aremaintainedunder'/dev/disk/'.
Seemanpagesfstab(5),findfs(8),mount(8)and/orblkid(8)formoreinfo.

Aftereditingthisfile,run'systemctldaemon-reload'toupdatesystemd
unitsgeneratedfromthisfile.

UUID=dcd5339a-76e6-4673-bc37-320330b860bf /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=204033f4-cb11-466d-9b57-e1605a89c49d /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=6796b590-6726-4d7e-ae58-8c761ae32882 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=e7f83157-0245-4857-afd9-5fe688715d4a none                    swap    defaults      

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

#目录名
[root@centos8 ~]# echo /etc/fstab |sed -En 's@(^/.*)/(.*)$@\1@p' /etc
#基名 [root@centos8
~]# echo /etc/fstab |sed -En 's@(^/.*)/(.*)$@\2@p' fstab

6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法(自由总结)

Ubuntu 软件管理
    dpkg 包管理器
    dpkg 常见用法:
        #安装包
            dpkg -i package.deb
            #删除包,不建议,不自动卸载依赖于它的包
            dpkg -r package
            #删除包(包括配置文件)
            dpkg -P package
            #列出当前已安装的包,类似rpm -qa
            dpkg -l
            #显示该包的简要说明
            dpkg -l package
            #列出该包的状态,包括详细信息,类似rpm –qi
            dpkg -s package
            #列出该包中所包含的文件,类似rpm –ql
            dpkg -L package
            #搜索包含pattern的包,类似rpm –qf
            dpkg -S <pattern>
            #配置包,-a 使用,配置所有没有配置的软件包
            dpkg --configure package
            #列出 deb 包的内容,类似rpm –qpl
            dpkg -c package.deb
            #解开 deb 包的内容
            dpkg --unpack package.deb
    apt:
        APT包索引配置文件
            /etc/apt/sources.list
            /etc/apt/sources.list.d
        apt命令操作(如安装和删除软件包)日志文件
            /var/log/dpkg.log

        #安装包:
            apt install tree zip
            #安装图形桌面
            apt install ubuntu-desktop
            #删除包:
            apt remove tree zip
            #说明:apt remove中添加--purge选项会删除包配置文件,谨慎使用
            #更新包索引,相当于yum clean all;yum makecache
            apt update
            #升级包:要升级系统,请首先更新软件包索引,再升级
            apt upgrade
            #apt列出仓库软件包,等于yum list
            apt list
            #搜索安装包
            apt search nginx
            #查看某个安装包的详细信息
            apt show apache2
            #在线安装软件包
            apt install apache2
            #卸载单个软件包但是保留配置⽂件
            apt remove apache2
            #删除安装包并解决依赖关系
            apt autoremove apache2
            #更新本地软件包列表索引,修改了apt仓库后必须执⾏
            apt update
            #卸载单个软件包删除配置⽂件
            apt purge apache2
            #升级所有已安装且可升级到新版本的软件包
            apt upgrade
            #升级整个系统,必要时可以移除旧软件包。
            apt full-upgrade
            #编辑source源⽂件
            apt edit-sources
            #查看仓库中软件包有哪些版本可以安装
            apt-cache madison nginx
            #安装软件包的时候指定安装具体的版本
            apt install nginx=1.14.0-0ubuntu1.6
            #查看文件来自于哪个包,类似redhat中的yum provides <filename>
            apt-file search 'string' #默认是包含此字符串的文件
            apt-file search -x '正则表达式'
        案例1: 查看文件来自于哪个包
            查找存在的文件来自于哪个包:
                #dpkg -S filename :在当前安装的包里查找文件
                [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#dpkg -S /bin/ls
                coreutils: /bin/ls
            案例2: 查看包相关信息
                #显示系统安装包的统计信息,可以统计已经安装包的数量,大小,占用空间等
                    #apt-cache stats
                #显示xxx包的信息,可以看到某个包的源、版本等信息
                    #apt-cache show xxx #更详细
                    #apt show xxx
            案例3: 查看仓库中的指定软件的所有版本
                [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt-cache madison docker-ce
                #安装指定版本
                    [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt -y install docker-ce=5:19.03.13~3-0~ubuntu-bionic
            案例4: 查看文件的依赖
                #查询软件xxx依赖哪些包
                    #apt depends xxx
                    #apt-cache depends xxx
                #查询软件xxx被哪些包依赖
                    #apt rdepends xxx
                    #apt-cache rdepends xxx

 

posted on 2021-07-28 09:34  newLion  阅读(41)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报