Linux企业级项目实践之网络爬虫(26)——线程池


一旦有一个抓取请求开始,就创建一个新的线程,由该线程执行任务,任务执行完毕之后,线程就退出。这就是"即时创建,即时销毁"的策略。尽管与创建进程相比,创建线程的时间已经大大的缩短,但是如果提交给线程的任务是执行时间较短,而且执行次数非常频繁,那么服务器就将处于一个不停的创建线程和销毁线程的状态。这笔开销是不可忽略的,尤其是线程执行的时间非常非常短的情况。

 

线程池就是为了解决上述问题的,它的实现原理是这样的:在应用程序启动之后,就马上创建一定数量的线程,放入空闲的队列中。这些线程都是处于阻塞状态,这些线程只占一点内存,不占用CPU。当任务到来后,线程池将选择一个空闲的线程,将任务传入此线程中运行。当所有的线程都处在处理任务的时候,线程池将自动创建一定的数量的新线程,用于处理更多的任务。执行任务完成之后线程并不退出,而是继续在线程池中等待下一次任务。当大部分线程处于阻塞状态时,线程池将自动销毁一部分的线程,回收系统资源。

 

下面是通过一个线程池的实现,来解决多任务抓取问题。

 

处理流程如下:

程序启动之前,初始化线程池,启动线程池中的线程,由于还没有任务到来,线程池中的所有线程都处在阻塞状态,当一有任务到达就从线程池中取出一个空闲线程处理,如果所有的线程都处于工作状态,就添加到队列,进行排队。如果队列中的任务个数大于队列的所能容纳的最大数量,那就不能添加任务到队列中,只能等待队列不满才能添加任务到队列中。

 

 

struct job
{
   void* (*callback_function)(void *arg);   //线程回调函数
   void *arg;                               //回调函数参数
   struct job *next;
};
 
struct threadpool
{
   int thread_num;                  //线程池中开启线程的个数
   int queue_max_num;               //队列中最大job的个数
   struct job *head;                //指向job的头指针
   struct job *tail;                //指向job的尾指针
   pthread_t *pthreads;             //线程池中所有线程的pthread_t
   pthread_mutex_t mutex;            //互斥信号量
   pthread_cond_t queue_empty;      //队列为空的条件变量
   pthread_cond_t queue_not_empty;  //队列不为空的条件变量
   pthread_cond_t queue_not_full;   //队列不为满的条件变量
   int queue_cur_num;               //队列当前的job个数
   int queue_close;                 //队列是否已经关闭
   int pool_close;                  //线程池是否已经关闭
};
 
 
struct threadpool* threadpool_init(intthread_num, int queue_max_num)
{
   struct threadpool *pool = NULL;
   do
    {
       pool = malloc(sizeof(struct threadpool));
       if (NULL == pool)
       {
           printf("failed to malloc threadpool!\n");
           break;
       }
       pool->thread_num = thread_num;
       pool->queue_max_num = queue_max_num;
       pool->queue_cur_num = 0;
       pool->head = NULL;
       pool->tail = NULL;
       if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->mutex), NULL))
       {
           printf("failed to init mutex!\n");
           break;
       }
       if (pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_empty), NULL))
       {
           printf("failed to init queue_empty!\n");
           break;
       }
       if (pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL))
       {
           printf("failed to init queue_not_empty!\n");
           break;
       }
       if (pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL))
       {
           printf("failed to init queue_not_full!\n");
           break;
       }
       pool->pthreads = malloc(sizeof(pthread_t) * thread_num);
       if (NULL == pool->pthreads)
       {
           printf("failed to malloc pthreads!\n");
           break;
       }
       pool->queue_close = 0;
       pool->pool_close = 0;
       int i;
       for (i = 0; i < pool->thread_num; ++i)
       {
           pthread_create(&(pool->pthreads[i]), NULL, threadpool_function,(void *)pool);
       }
       
       return pool;   
    }while (0);
   
   return NULL;
}
 
int threadpool_add_job(struct threadpool*pool, void* (*callback_function)(void *arg), void *arg)
{
   assert(pool != NULL);
   assert(callback_function != NULL);
   assert(arg != NULL);
 
   pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->mutex));
   while ((pool->queue_cur_num == pool->queue_max_num) &&!(pool->queue_close || pool->pool_close))
    {
       pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_full),&(pool->mutex));   //队列满的时候就等待
    }
   if (pool->queue_close || pool->pool_close)    //队列关闭或者线程池关闭就退出
    {
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
       return -1;
    }
   struct job *pjob =(struct job*) malloc(sizeof(struct job));
   if (NULL == pjob)
    {
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
       return -1;
    }
   pjob->callback_function = callback_function;   
   pjob->arg = arg;
   pjob->next = NULL;
   if (pool->head == NULL)  
    {
       pool->head = pool->tail = pjob;
       pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty));  //队列空的时候,有任务来时就通知线程池中的线程:队列非空
    }
   else
    {
       pool->tail->next = pjob;
       pool->tail = pjob;   
    }
   pool->queue_cur_num++;
   pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
   return 0;
}
 
void* threadpool_function(void* arg)
{
   struct threadpool *pool = (struct threadpool*)arg;
   struct job *pjob = NULL;
   while (1)  //死循环
    {
       pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->mutex));
       while ((pool->queue_cur_num == 0) &&!pool->pool_close)   //队列为空时,就等待队列非空
       {
           pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty),&(pool->mutex));
       }
       if (pool->pool_close)   //线程池关闭,线程就退出
       {
           pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
           pthread_exit(NULL);
       }
       pool->queue_cur_num--;
       pjob = pool->head;
       if (pool->queue_cur_num == 0)
       {
           pool->head = pool->tail = NULL;
       }
       else
       {
           pool->head = pjob->next;
       }
       if (pool->queue_cur_num == 0)
       {
           pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_empty));        //队列为空,就可以通知threadpool_destroy函数,销毁线程函数
       }
       if (pool->queue_cur_num == pool->queue_max_num - 1)
       {
           pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));  //队列非满,就可以通知threadpool_add_job函数,添加新任务
       }
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
       
       (*(pjob->callback_function))(pjob->arg);   //线程真正要做的工作,回调函数的调用
       free(pjob);
       pjob = NULL;   
    }
}
int threadpool_destroy(struct threadpool*pool)
{
   assert(pool != NULL);
   pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->mutex));
   if (pool->queue_close || pool->pool_close)   //线程池已经退出了,就直接返回
    {
       pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
       return -1;
    }
   
   pool->queue_close = 1;       //置队列关闭标志
   while (pool->queue_cur_num != 0)
    {
       pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_empty), &(pool->mutex));  //等待队列为空
   }   
   
   pool->pool_close = 1;      //置线程池关闭标志
   pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->mutex));
   pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty));  //唤醒线程池中正在阻塞的线程
   pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));   //唤醒添加任务的threadpool_add_job函数
   int i;
   for (i = 0; i < pool->thread_num; ++i)
    {
       pthread_join(pool->pthreads[i], NULL);    //等待线程池的所有线程执行完毕
    }
   
   pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->mutex));          //清理资源
   pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_empty));
   pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_empty));  
   pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_full));   
   free(pool->pthreads);
   struct job *p;
   while (pool->head != NULL)
    {
       p = pool->head;
       pool->head = p->next;
       free(p);
    }
   free(pool);
   return 0;
}


posted on 2014-09-04 00:22  三少爷的剑123  阅读(174)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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