django项目小记

•  django 用户认证

　　用户登录后才可访问页面地址，否则跳转到登录页面(需要在settings.py 文件中定义LOGIN_URL字段), 跳转后的地址形式：http://127.0.0.1/login?next=要访问的页面地址

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
class LoginRequestMixin(object):
    @classmethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
        view = super(LoginRequestMixin, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
        return login_required(view)

　　LoginRequestMixin 的使用

from utils.mixin import LoginRequestMixin

class UserInfoView(LoginRequestMixin, View):
    ......

•   加密/解密 token

# 安装itsdangerous(pip install itsdangerous)
from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer
from itsdangerous import SignatureExpired # 加密内容过期错误
# 秘钥
serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, 3600 * 2)
# 需要加密的内容
info = {'confirm': create_users.id}
# 加密
token = serializer.dumps(info).decode()

serializer = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY, 3600 * 2)
# 获取解密后的内容
info = serializer.loads(token)
user_id = info['confirm']

• django发送邮箱

# settings.py文件中配置邮箱信息(使用网易邮箱)

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
# 发送邮件的邮箱
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxxxx@163.com'
# 邮箱中设置的客户端授权密码
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxxx'
# 收件人看到的发件人
EMAIL_FROM = '天天生鲜<xxxxxx@163.com>'

# 使用Celery发送(创建celery_task模块包,新建tasks.py模块)， 需要安装celery
from celery import Celery
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.mail import send_mail

# 实例celery对象(中间人)
app = Celery('celery_task.tasks', broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/8')
# 定义任务函数
@app.task
def send_register_active_email(to_email, username, token):
    """发送激活邮件"""
    subject = '天天生鲜欢迎信息'
    message = '<h1>%s, 欢迎您成为天天生鲜的会员</h1>请点击下面链接激活您的账号<br />' \
              '<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/active/%s">激活</a>' % (username, token)
    sender = settings.EMAIL_FROM
    receiver = [to_email]
    send_mail(subject=subject, message='', html_message=message, from_email=sender, recipient_list=receiver)

# 视图类中使用任务函数

from celery_task.tasks import send_register_active_email
class RegisterView(View):
    ......
    # 发邮件
    send_register_active_email.delay(email, user_name, token)
    return redirect('user:login')

# Celery任务的使用(拷贝项目到其他盘符或服务器,修改tasks文件,将如下内容添加到头部)

import django
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'dailyfresh.settings')
django.setup()

进入项目根目录，执行celery -A celery_task.tasks worker -l info 命令

• redis保存缓存

# settings.py 中配置redis

# Django 缓存配置 并安装django-redis模块包(pip install django-redis)
CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    }
}

# Session 配置
SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "default"

# 设置缓存
class LoginView(View):
      ........
      if users.is_active:
          # 记录登录用户状态
          login(request, user=users)
          next_url = request.GET.get('next', 'goods:home')
          response = redirect(next_url)
          if remember == 'on':
              # 设置缓存
              response.set_cookie('username', users.username, max_age=7 * 24 * 3600)
          else:
              # 删除缓存
              response.delete_cookie('username')
          return response
      ......

 # django-redis 拓展内容
 1 from django_redis import get_redis_connection
# 连接redis
conn = get_redis_connection('default')
history_key = 'history_%d'% user.id # 列表 [1, 2, 3]
cart_key = 'cart_%d' % user.id #哈希字典保存数据{1:2,2:4}
# 获取列表中前5个值lrange(key,start,stop)
conn.lrange(history_key,0,4)
# 移除列表中所有值为4 lrem(key, 0, value) 0表示所有
conn.lrem(history_key,0,4)
# 从左边插入列表
conn.lpush(history_key, 4)
# 截取列表中前5个值
conn.ltrim(history_key, 0, 4)
# 获取哈希字典长度hlen(name)
conn.hlen(cart_key)
# 获取哈希字典所有键值对 hgetall(name)
conn.hgetall(cart_key)
# 获取关键字为1的值hget(name, key)
conn.hget(cart_key, 1)
# 获取所有值的列表 hvals(name)
conn.hvals(cart_key)
# 设置关键字2的值为4 hset(name, key, value)
conn.hset(cart_key, 2, 4)
# 删除关键字2的值 hdel(name, key)
conn.hdel(cart_key, 2)

•  分页

# 数据分页
        paginator = Paginator(orders, 1)

        try:
　　　　　　　# 当前页
            page = int(page)
        except Exception as e:
            page = 1
　　　　　# num_pages 总页数
        if page > paginator.num_pages:
            page = 1

        orders_page = paginator.page(page)

# 页码控制
        num_page = paginator.num_pages
        if num_page < 5:
            pages = range(1, num_page + 1)
        elif page <= 3:
            pages = range(1, 6)
        elif num_page - page <= 2:
            pages = range(num_page - 4, num_page + 1)
        else:
            pages = range(page - 2, page + 3)

#  前端渲染
#  previous_page_number 前一页页码
#  next_page_number  后一页页码
#  number 当前页页码 

<div class="pagenation">
                {% if orders_page.has_previous_page %}
                    <a href="{% url 'user:order' orders_page.previous_page_number %}">
                        < 上一页
                    </a>
                {% endif %}
                {% for pindex in pages %}
                    {% if pindex == orders_page.number %}
                        <a href="{% url 'user:order' pindex %}" class="active">{{ pindex }}</a>
                    {% else %}
                        <a href="{% url 'user:order' pindex %}">{{ pindex }}</a>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
                {% if orders_page.has_next_page %}
                    <a href="{% url 'user:order' orders_page.next_page_number %}">下一页></a>
                {% endif %}

</div>