DAO设计模式

DAO设计模式是属于J2EE数据层的操作,使用DAO设计模式可简化代码,增强可移植性。
如果我们直接在JSP页面中写JDBC代码,会导致JSP页面中包含大量的HTML和JSP代码,显示和功能代码混在一起是很难维护的。在JSP页面中使用JDBC代码,必须导入java.sql.*包,这样的设计不是很不合理,因为JSP只需要关注数据的显示,而不需要关注数据从哪里来,怎么来。
1、DAO设计模式,包括5个重要部分。分别为数据库连接类、VO类、DAO接口、DAO实现类及DAO工厂类。
2、数据库连接类:主要功能是连接数据库并获得连接对象,以及关闭数据库。通过数据库连接类可以大大地简化开发,在需要进行数据库连接时,是需要创建该类的实例,并调用其中的方法就可以获得数据库连接对象和关闭数据库。
示例:
package com.dao;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
public class DBConn {
private final String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
private final String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/JspTest";
private final String user = "root";
private final String password = "123456";
private Connection conn = null;
public DBConn() {
try{
Class.forName(driver);
this.conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("加载驱动失败!");
}
}
public Connection getConnection(){
return conn;
}
public void close(){
try{
conn.close();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("数据库连接关闭失败!");
}
}
}
3、VO类是一个包含属性和表中字段完全对应的类,并在该类中提供setter和getter方法来设置该类中的属性,类似于JavaBean。
package com.vo;
public class User {
private int userid;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getUserid() {
return userid;
}
public void setUserid(int userid) {
this.userid = userid;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
4、DAO接口:定义了所有的用户的操作,如添加记录、删除记录及查询记录等。仅仅是接口,我们需要实现类。示例:
package com.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.vo.User;
public interface UserDao {
public void insert(User user) throws Exception;
public void update(User user) throws Exception;
public void delete(int userid) throws Exception;
public User queryById(int userid) throws Exception;
public List queryAll() throws Exception;
}
5、DAO类实现:
package com.dao;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.vo.User;
public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDao {
public void insert(User user) throws Exception {
String sql = "insert into user(username,password) values(?,?)";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
DBConn conn = null;
try{
conn = new DBConn();
pstmt = conn.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, user.getUsername());
pstmt.setString(2, user.getPassword());
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.close();
}catch(Exception e){
throw new Exception("操作出现异常");
}finally{
conn.close();
}
}
public void update(User user) throws Exception {
String sql = "update user set username = ?,password = ? where userid =?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
DBConn conn = null;
try{
conn = new DBConn();
pstmt = conn.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, user.getUsername());
pstmt.setString(2, user.getPassword());
pstmt.setInt(3, user.getUserid());
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.close();
}catch(Exception e){
throw new Exception("操作出现异常");
}finally{
conn.close();
}
}
public void delete(int userid) throws Exception {
String sql = "delete from user where userid =?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
DBConn conn = null;
try{
conn = new DBConn();
pstmt = conn.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setInt(1, userid);
pstmt.executeUpdate();
pstmt.close();
}catch(Exception e){
throw new Exception("操作出现异常");
}finally{
conn.close();
}
}
public User queryById(int userid) throws Exception {
User user = null;
String sql = "select * from user where userid =?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
DBConn conn = null;
try{
conn = new DBConn();
pstmt = conn.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setInt(1, userid);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
user = new User();
user.setUserid(rs.getInt(1));
user.setUsername(rs.getString(2));
user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
}
rs.close();
pstmt.close();
}catch(Exception e){
throw new Exception("操作出现异常");
}finally{
conn.close();
}
return user;
}
public List queryAll() throws Exception {
List all = new ArrayList();
String sql = "select * from user";
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
DBConn conn = null;
try{
conn = new DBConn();
pstmt = conn.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()){
User user = new User();
user.setUserid(rs.getInt(1));
user.setUsername(rs.getString(2));
user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
all.add(user);
}
rs.close();
pstmt.close();
}catch(Exception e){
throw new Exception("操作出现异常");
}finally{
conn.close();
}
return all;
}
}
6、DAO工厂类:在没有DAO工厂类的情况下,必须通过创建DAO实现类的实例才能完成数据库操作。这时就必须知道具体的子类,对于后期的修改非常不便。如果后期需要创建一个操作Oracal的DAO实现类,这时就必须修改所有使用DAO实现类的代码。使用DAO工厂类可以很好地解决后期修改问题,可以通过该DAO工厂类的一个静态方法获得DAO实现类实例。这是如果需要替换DAO实现类,只需修改该DAO工厂类中的方法代码,而不必修改所有的操作数据库代码。
示例:
package com.dao;
public class DAOFactory {
 
public static UserDao getUserDAOInstance(){
return new Us


转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_70e50f090101lr4t.html

posted @ 2015-12-01 17:23  注册邮箱  阅读(246)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报