MyBatis的关联映射,resultMap元素之association子元素,实现一对一关联关系(节选自:Java EE企业级应用开发教程)
MyBatis映射文件中的<resultMap>元素中,包含一个<association>子元素,MyBatis通过它来处理一对一关联关系。
association重要属性
- property : 映射数据库列的实体对象的属性
- column : 映射数据库列名或者别名
- javaType : 完整java类名或别名
- select:指定引入嵌套查询的子SQL语句
- fetchType:是否启用延迟加载
association子元素主要有id、result,它们具有以下属性
- property : 映射数据库列的实体对象的属性
- column : 映射数据库列名或者别名
一、创建数据结构及插入数据(MySQL),注意:请先选择数据库
# 创建一个名称为tb idcard的表 CREATE TABLE tb_idcard( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, CODE VARCHAR(18) ); # 插入两条数据 INSERT INTO tb_idcard(CODE) VALUES('152221198711020624'); INSERT INTO tb_idcard(CODE) VALUES('152201199008150317'); # 创建一个名称为tb_person的表 CREATE TABLE tb_person( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, name VARCHAR(32), age INT, sex VARCHAR(8), card_id INT UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY(card_id) REFERENCES tb_idcard(id) ); # 插入两条数据 INSERT INTO tb_person(name,age,sex,card_id) VALUES ('Rose',29,'女',1); INSERT INTO tb_person(name,age,sex,card_id) VALUES ('Tom',27,'男',2);
二、创建实体类IdCard/Person
package com.itheima.po; /** * 证件持久化类 */ public class IdCard { private Integer id; private String code; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getCode() { return code; } public void setCode(String code) { this.code = code; } @Override public String toString() { return "IdCard [id=" + id + ", code=" + code + "]"; } }
package com.itheima.po; /** * 个人持久化类 */ public class Person { private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; private String sex; private IdCard card; //个人关联的证件 public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public IdCard getCard() { return card; } public void setCard(IdCard card) { this.card = card; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", " + "age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + ", card=" + card + "]"; } }
三、创建映射文件IdCardMapper.xml和PersonMapper.xml
注意:PersonMapper.xml使用两种方式进行查询,推荐使用第二种方式(findPersonById2,嵌套结果的方式)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.IdCardMapper"> <!-- 根据id查询证件信息 --> <select id="findCodeById" parameterType="Integer" resultType="IdCard"> SELECT * from tb_idcard where id=#{id} </select> </mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.PersonMapper"> <!-- 嵌套查询:通过执行另外一条SQL映射语句来返回预期的特殊类型 --> <select id="findPersonById" parameterType="Integer" resultMap="IdCardWithPersonResult"> SELECT * from tb_person where id=#{id} </select> <resultMap type="Person" id="IdCardWithPersonResult"> <id property="id" column="id" /> <result property="name" column="name" /> <result property="age" column="age" /> <result property="sex" column="sex" /> <!-- 一对一:association使用select属性引入另外一条SQL语句 --> <association property="card" column="card_id" javaType="IdCard" select="com.itheima.mapper.IdCardMapper.findCodeById" /> </resultMap> <!-- 嵌套结果:使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集 --> <select id="findPersonById2" parameterType="Integer" resultMap="IdCardWithPersonResult2"> SELECT p.*,idcard.code from tb_person p,tb_idcard idcard where p.card_id=idcard.id and p.id= #{id} </select> <resultMap type="Person" id="IdCardWithPersonResult2"> <id property="id" column="id" /> <result property="name" column="name" /> <result property="age" column="age" /> <result property="sex" column="sex" /> <association property="card" javaType="IdCard"> <id property="id" column="card_id" /> <result property="code" column="code" /> </association> </resultMap> </mapper>
四、创建MyBatis配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)、数据库配置文件(db.properties) 、日志配置(log4j.properties)
<typeAliases>元素的作用,是为配置文件中的Java类型设置一个简短的名字,即设置别名。当POJO类过多时,它还可以通过自动扫描包的形式自定义别名,本配置文件即采用此种方式:
它自动将com.itheima.po.IdCard设置为idCard,com.itheima.po.Person设置为person等等。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <!-- 引入数据库连接配置文件 --> <properties resource="db.properties" /> <settings> <!-- 打开延迟加载的开关 --> <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true" /> <!-- 将积极加载改为消息加载,即按需加载 --> <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"/> </settings> <!--使用扫描包的形式定义别名 --> <typeAliases> <package name="com.itheima.po" /> </typeAliases> <!--配置环境 ,默认的环境id为mysql --> <environments default="mysql"> <!-- 配置id为mysql的数据库环境 --> <environment id="mysql"> <!-- 使用JDBC的事务管理 --> <transactionManager type="JDBC" /> <!--数据库连接池 --> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <!--配置Mapper的位置 --> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml" /> <mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/PersonMapper.xml" /> <mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/UserMapper.xml" /> <mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/OrdersMapper.xml" /> <mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/ProductMapper.xml" /> </mappers> </configuration>
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xuejia jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=admin
log4j.properties
# Global logging configuration log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout # MyBatis logging configuration... log4j.logger.com.itheima=DEBUG # Console output... log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
五、创建测试程序MybatisAssociatedTest.java
package com.itheima.test; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.junit.Test; import com.itheima.po.Orders; import com.itheima.po.Person; import com.itheima.po.User; import com.itheima.utils.MybatisUtils; /** * Mybatis关联查询映射测试类 */ public class MybatisAssociatedTest { /** * 嵌套查询 */ @Test public void findPersonByIdTest() { // 1、通过工具类生成SqlSession对象 SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession(); // 2.使用MyBatis嵌套查询的方式查询id为1的人的信息 Person person = session.selectOne("com.itheima.mapper." + "PersonMapper.findPersonById", 1); // 3、输出查询结果信息 System.out.println(person); // 4、关闭SqlSession session.close(); } /** * 嵌套结果 */ @Test public void findPersonByIdTest2() { // 1、通过工具类生成SqlSession对象 SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession(); // 2.使用MyBatis嵌套结果的方法查询id为1的人的信息 Person person = session.selectOne("com.itheima.mapper." + "PersonMapper.findPersonById2", 1); // 3、输出查询结果信息 System.out.println(person); // 4、关闭SqlSession session.close(); } }
六、工具类参考MybatisUtils.java
package com.itheima.utils; import java.io.Reader; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; /** * 工具类 */ public class MybatisUtils { public static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null; // 初始化SqlSessionFactory对象 static{ try { //使用MyBatis提供的Resources类加载mybatis的配置文件 Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("mybatis-config.xml"); //构建sqlSession的工厂 sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 获取SqlSession对象的静态方法 public static SqlSession getSession(){ return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); } }
七、运行结果
DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT p.*,idcard.code from tb_person p,tb_idcard idcard where p.card_id=idcard.id and p.id= ? DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer) DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 1 Person [id=1, name=Rose, age=29, sex=女, card=IdCard [id=1, code=152221198711020624]] DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * from tb_person where id=? DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer) DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 1 DEBUG [main] - ==> Preparing: SELECT * from tb_idcard where id=? DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer) DEBUG [main] - <== Total: 1 Person [id=1, name=Rose, age=29, sex=女, card=IdCard [id=1, code=152221198711020624]]