摘要：
You need to interface with a record structure in a traditional programming environment. Make a dumb data object for the record. 阅读全文
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A method returns a collection. Make it return a read-only view and provide add/remove methods. 阅读全文
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There is a public field. Make it private and provide accessors. 阅读全文
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You have a literal number with a particular meaning. Create a constant, name it after the meaning, and replace the number with it. 阅读全文
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You have a two-way association but on class no longer needs features from the other. Drop the unneeded end of the association. 阅读全文
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You have two classes that need to use each other’s features, but there is only a one-way link. Add back pointers, and change modifiers to update both sets. 阅读全文
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You have domain available only in a GUI control, and domain methods need access. Copy the data to a domain object. Set up an observer to synchronize the two pieces of data. 阅读全文
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You have an array in which certain elements mean different things. Replace the array with an object that has a field for each element. 阅读全文
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You have a reference object that is small, immutable, and awkward to manage. Turn it into a value object. To convert this to a value object, the key thing to do is verify that the object is immutabl... 阅读全文
摘要：
You have a class with many equal instances that you want to replace with a single object. Turn the object into a reference object. 阅读全文
摘要：
You have a data item that needs additional data or behavior. Turn the data item into an object. 阅读全文