Linux搭建docker环境并简单实用

记录生活：

配置阿里云镜像源docker YUM

[root@centos-linux ~]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 

[root@centos-linux ~]# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 

 安装 Docker-CE

[root@centos-linux ~]# sudo yum install docker-ce

启动docker

# 开机自启
[root@centos-linux ~]# sudo systemctl enable docker
# 启动docker服务  
[root@centos-linux ~]# sudo systemctl start docker

查看版本

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b

查看详情

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.8
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.17
 Git commit:        afacb8b
 Built:             Wed Mar 11 01:27:04 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.8
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.17
  Git commit:       afacb8b
  Built:            Wed Mar 11 01:25:42 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.13
  GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.8
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: <unknown>
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 482.4MiB
 Name: centos-linux.shared
 ID: DFEQ:IXET:QELN:7ZA6:BM6D:5ENE:2TEN:Y3MD:BVOG:KM54:CTAS:IUK4
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

下载centos镜像，测试

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker pull centos

查看列表

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker images

运行容器，当出现root@《一串数字》表示进入

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@7f32d43c7e53 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

退出容器

　　exit

查看所有的容器信息， 能获取容器的id

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker ps -a

docker commit -m=“备注” 你的CONTAINER_ID 你的IMAGE
请自行将 -m 后面的信息改成自己的容器的信息

以及删除容器命令rmi

[root@centos-linux ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
7f32d43c7e53        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (0) 27 seconds ago                       sharp_cohen
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker commit -m='lious' 7f32d43c7e53 centos
sha256:8d75dd2b1d0150decc7c82bc0d3ca467856fefb5c4ec20d4b35f03f61fc7faab
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
7f32d43c7e53        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Exited (0) About a minute ago                       sharp_cohen
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker commit -m='lious' 7f32d43c7e53 liousdeimage
sha256:0131fbbdfe2c5589a77356f77406f349c6aa7c3275835a7cdfd94be2a2d2b256
[root@centos-linux ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  original-ks.cfg  redis-4.0.2  redis-4.0.2.tar.gz
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
7f32d43c7e53        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                       sharp_cohen
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker commit -m='备注' 7f32d43c7e53 470671670cac
sha256:c003336be27108c9c2485ae43b02587b224d02b4a3ac79c7f46227bc22c6bc4d
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
470671670cac        latest              c003336be271        13 seconds ago       237MB
liousdeimage        latest              0131fbbdfe2c        About a minute ago   237MB
centos              latest              8d75dd2b1d01        3 minutes ago        237MB
centos              <none>              470671670cac        3 months ago         237MB
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker rmi 470671670cac:latest
Untagged: 470671670cac:latest
Deleted: sha256:c003336be27108c9c2485ae43b02587b224d02b4a3ac79c7f46227bc22c6bc4d
[root@centos-linux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
liousdeimage        latest              0131fbbdfe2c        2 minutes ago       237MB
centos              latest              8d75dd2b1d01        4 minutes ago       237MB
centos              <none>              470671670cac        3 months ago        237MB

更多docker命令链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/2dae7b13ce2f