(转载)OpenStack Hacker养成指南

OpenStack Hacker养成指南

朱 荣泽     |     2013. 8. 8

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0 阅读指南

• 希望本文能够解开你心中萦绕已久的心结，假如是死结，请移步到 https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Main_Page
• 学习OpenStack其实就是学习各种Python库的过程。
• 把OpenStack的设计原则贴在你的墙上。 https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/BasicDesignTenets

1 OpenStack Hacker

• 态度：开放、主动、沟通
• 影响力：能说、能写、能分享
• 四化：自动化、流程化、系统化、文档化

2 基础技能

Python

• 书籍:
  • 《python参考手册》
  • 《python基础教程》
• 教程: Codecademy
• 挑战: Python Challenge
• 文档: Python v2.7.3 documentation
• 高阶:
  • The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python!
  • Python Module of the Week

Linux

• 书籍:
  • 鸟哥的Linux私房菜
  • 《Unix环境高级编程》
  • 《UNIX系统编程》

Git

• 书籍：
  • Pro Git
  • GotGitHub
• 教程：
  • tryGit
  • GitImmersion
• 进阶：
  • visual-git-guide
  • a-successful-git-branching-model
• 最常用的git命令： Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So

Unittest

• 教程: python unittest

3 OpenStack 基础

The 5-minute Overview

OpenStack is a global collaboration of developers and cloud computing technologists producing the ubiquitous open source cloud computing platform for public and private clouds. The project aims to deliver solutions for all types of clouds by being simple to implement, massively scalable, and feature rich. The technology consists of a series of interrelated projects delivering various components for a cloud infrastructure solution. OpenStackcontrols large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources throughout a datacenter, all managed through a dashboard that gives administrators control while empowering their users to provision resources through a web interface.

OpenStack 基本概念

• 介绍： https://www.openstack.org/software/
• Compute管理员手册(必看)：http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-compute/admin/content/ch_getting-started-with-openstack.html
• OpenStack End User Guide(必看): http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/content/
• Network管理员手册：http://docs.openstack.org/folsom/openstack-network/admin/content/
• Object Storage管理员手册：http://docs.openstack.org/folsom/openstack-object-storage/admin/content/
• OpenStack文档：http://docs.openstack.org/
• OpenStack词汇表：http://docs.openstack.org/glossary/content/glossary.html
• 使用命令行管理openstack: http://docs.openstack.org/cli/quick-start/content/index.html
• OpenStack Wiki: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Main_Page

简单安装 OpenStack

环境设置

为了快速安装OpenStack,你要设置最快的apt源(或者设置yum源)和pypi源。

• 设置apt源：http://blog.ubuntusoft.com/ubuntu-update-source.html
• 设置pypi源：http://www.v2ex.com/t/75316

你也可以搭建自己的apt源和pypi源：

• 搭建apt源：
  • http://blog.ef.net/2012/10/26/unbutu-release-upgrade-with-local-apt-mirror.html
  • http://www.cnblogs.com/kulin/archive/2012/08/08/2628400.html
• 搭建pypi源：
  • https://pypi.python.org/pypi/bandersnatch

devstack 安装

• 使用devstack安装 http://devstack.org
• 阅读devstack.sh脚本 http://devstack.org
• screen的使用：http://www.9usb.net/201002/linux-screen-mingling.html

devstack使用screen管理OpenStack各个服务，所以你要用screen调试OpenStack。

packstack(RHEL,CentOS) 安装

• git仓库: https://github.com/stackforge/packstack
• quickstart: http://openstack.redhat.com/Quickstart

deb包安装

• 使用VirtualBox安装OpenStack
• 在Ubuntu 12.04上安装OpenStack Folsom版(FlatDHCP+Multihost)
• Ubuntu12.04.2 OpenStack Grizzly 安装（Bridge）

 

调戏 OpenStack

• pdb：
  • http://docs.python.org/2/library/pdb.html
  • http://blog.csdn.net/hackerain/article/details/8373597
  • http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pythondebugger/

Python基本库

WSGI

• eventlet.wsgi: http://eventlet.net/doc/examples.html#wsgi-server
• webob: http://webob.org/
• pecan: http://pecanpy.org/
• wsme: http://pythonhosted.org/WSME/
• paste: http://pythonpaste.org/
• routes: http://routes.readthedocs.org/en/latest/

重要的库

• SQLAlchemy:http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
• libvirt: http://libvirt.org/index.html
• logging: http://docs.python.org/2/howto/logging-cookbook.html
• greenlet: http://greenlet.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
• eventlet: http://eventlet.net/
• kombu: http://kombu.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
• oslo.config: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Oslo#oslo.config
• stevedore: http://stevedore.readthedocs.org/en/latest/

TESTING

• PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy: http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy (all in one)
• testtools：https://readthedocs.org/projects/testtools/
• mox：http://code.google.com/p/pymox/wiki/MoxDocumentation
• mock：http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/
• tox：http://tox.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
• fixtures：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/fixtures
• testscenarios：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/testscenarios/
• nose：https://nose.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
• testrepository：https://testrepository.readthedocs.org/en/latest/MANUAL.html

OpenStack基础组件

在OpenStack中，有一个重要的项目叫做Oslo(原名是openstack-common),给OpenStack其他项目提供基础组件。

• https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Oslo

RPC组件

• RPC组件
• http://blog.ftofficer.com/2010/03/translation-rabbitmq-python-rabbits-and-warrens/
• http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-six-python.html
• http://docs.openstack.org/developer/nova/devref/rpc.html

WSGI

• http://archimedeanco.com/wsgi-tutorial/

OpenStack 代码规范

• Python PEP8 规范: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/

• OpenStack HACKING 规范: https://github.com/openstack-dev/hacking/blob/master/HACKING.rst

Python 深入学习

理解python中optparse.OptionParser类。 http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html 理解collections.Mapping类。 http://docs.python.org/library/collections.html 分析浅拷贝，深拷贝 http://blog.csdn.net/winterttr/article/details/2590741 http://longmans1985.blog.163.com/blog/static/70605475200991603624942/ http://book.51cto.com/art/200806/77233.htm LoggerAdapter类 http://docs.python.org/howto/logging-cookbook.html#context-info中。 介绍rabbitmq http://blog.ftofficer.com/2010/03/translation-rabbitmq-python-rabbits-and-warrens/ http://kombu.readthedocs.org/en/latest/introduction.html#synopsis Python Decorators入门 http://blog.csdn.net/beckel/article/details/3585352 Python @classmethod @staticmethod的区别。 http://www.libaoyin.com/2013/08/06/pyhton-staticmethod-classmethod/ 五分钟理解元类（Metaclasses） http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2008/12/07/1349735.html nova中用到的python知识 http://canx.me/2011/12/%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9Bpython/ python中类的总结 http://ipseek.blog.51cto.com/1041109/802243 with的总结 http://effbot.org/zone/python-with-statement.htm Pool类 http://nullege.com/codes/search/eventlet.pools.Pool paste模块 http://pythonpaste.org/ python魔术方法 http://pycoders-weekly-chinese.readthedocs.org/en/latest/issue6/a-guide-to-pythons-magic-methods.html Routes模块 http://routes.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html yield学习

• http://www.pythonclub.org/python-basic/yield
• http://blog.donews.com/limodou/archive/2006/09/04/1028747.aspx
• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-cn-python-yield/
• http://www.jeffknupp.com/blog/2013/04/07/improve-your-python-yield-and-generators-explained/

4 OpenStack 整体架构

架构图

必看：

• http://ken.pepple.info/openstack/2012/09/25/openstack-folsom-architecture/
• http://www.solinea.com/2013/06/15/openstack-grizzly-architecture-revisited/
• http://www.slideshare.net/mirantis/open-stack-architecture-overviewmeetup662013

OpenStack架构图，你可以点击放大。

工作流

Keystone Workflow

必看：

• https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/e93514d3-c4f0-4aa0-8844-497f370090f5/entry/openstack_keystone_workflow_token_scoping?lang=zh
• http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-compute/admin/content/keystone-concepts.html

点击可看大图。

Nova Workflow

必看：

• https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/e93514d3-c4f0-4aa0-8844-497f370090f5/entry/openstack_nova_api?lang=en
• http://ilearnstack.com/2013/04/26/request-flow-for-provisioning-instance-in-openstack/comment-page-1/

nova-api处理 REST 请求。 nova创建虚拟机的工作流。

OpenStack 核心项目

对各个项目简要分析：http://www.slideshare.net/randybias/state-of-the-stack-april-2013 核心项目的分析：

• Keystone：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/keystone/
  • http://www.slideshare.net/openstackindia/openstack-keystone-identity-service
• Glance：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/glance/
• Nova：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/nova/
  • https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/e93514d3-c4f0-4aa0-8844-497f370090f5/entry/openstack_nova_scheduler_and_its_algorithm27?lang=en
• Cinder：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/cinder/
  • Cinder grizzly deep dive pub
• Neutron：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/neutron/
  • http://www.slideshare.net/openstackindia/openstack-quantum-16710792
  • http://www.slideshare.net/lewtucker/openstack-quantum-network-service
  • http://www.slideshare.net/openstackindia/openstack-quantum-18418306
• Horizon：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/horizon/
• Swift：
  • http://docs.openstack.org/developer/swift/
  • http://blog.csdn.net/alex890714/article/details/7314780
  • Swift架构与实践
• Oslo：

通用机制的分析：

• quota: http://blog.csdn.net/hackerain/article/details/8223125
• policy: http://blog.csdn.net/hackerain/article/details/8241691

5 OpenStack 部署/管理

OpenStack 自动化部署

Puppet:

• https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Puppet-openstack
• https://github.com/stackforge/puppet-openstack
• https://puppetlabs.com/solutions/openstack/

Fule: Mirantis出品的部署工具，从裸机到OpenStack组件再到HA全部搞定

• https://fuel.mirantis.com/

OpenStack 监控

• OpenStack 监控: http://www.mirantis.com/blog/openstack-monitoring/

6 参与 OpenStack 社区

都在这里:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Main_Page

• 山头： https://review.openstack.org/#/admin/groups
• 向社区提交Patch：https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/How_To_Contribute
• gerrit的使用：https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Gerrit_Workflow
• Review别人的Patch：https://review.openstack.org
• 参与IRC Meeting：
  • https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Meetings
  • https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Mailing_Lists
  • https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/People
• 参与邮件列表讨论：https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Mailing_Lists
• 跟踪OpenStack项目的发展：
  • http://www.openstack.org/blog/
  • http://planet.openstack.org/
  • https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges
  • http://github.com/openstack
  • https://github.com/stackforge/ (You will like it)
  • https://github.com/openstack-dev/
  • https://github.com/openstack-infra
• 学习CI：http://ci.openstack.org/

7 OpenStack 二次开发

• 开发Nova的扩展API：
  • https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/e93514d3-c4f0-4aa0-8844-497f370090f5/entry/openstack_nova_api?lang=zh
  • https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/WritingRequestExtensions
  • http://stephanfr.com/2013/04/07/creating-an-openstack-keystone-helloworld-extension/
  • http://www.cnblogs.com/willier/archive/2013/05/22/3092961.html
• 开发Cinder的driver：
  • 新的driver必须满足 Minimum Features,参考同类型的driver，依葫芦画瓢。

8 OpenStack 生态圈

• OpenStack幕后的公司：http://www.chenshake.com/behind-the-openstack-company
• State of The Stack：http://www.slideshare.net/randybias/state-of-the-stack-april-2013 (一针见血)
• OpenStack贡献排行榜：http://stackalytics.com/
• OpenStack实践分享：http://www.mirantis.com/blog/ (mirantis是目前最成功的OpenStack系统集成商)