从代码分析Android底层Touch事件分发机制
一.概述
事件分发有多种类型, 本文主要介绍Touch相关的事件分发.
- 整个事件分发流程中,会有大量MotionEvent对象,该对象用于记录所有与移动相关的事件,比如手指触摸屏幕事件。
- 一次完整的MotionEvent事件,是从用户触摸屏幕到离开屏幕。整个过程的动作序列:ACTION_DOWN(1次) -> ACTION_MOVE(N次) -> ACTION_UP(1次),
- 多点触摸,每一个触摸点Pointer会有一个id和index。对于多指操作,通过pointerindex来获取指定Pointer的触屏位置。比如,对于单点操作时获取x坐标通过getX(),而多点操作获取x坐标通过getX(pointerindex)
1.1 核心类对比
View,ViewGroup,Activity都能处理Touch事件, 它们之间处理的先后顺序和方法有所不同.
方法 | View | ViewGroup | Activity |
---|---|---|---|
dispatchTouchEvent | √ | √ | √ |
onInterceptTouchEvent | × | √ | × |
onTouchEvent | √ | √ | √ |
以上3个方法功能如下:
- dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event), 事件分发
- onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev), 事件拦截,该方法只有ViewGroup所拥有
- onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event), 事件响应
1)View是所有视图对象的父类,实现了动画相关的接口Drawable.Callback, 按键相关的接口KeyEvent.Callback, 交互相关的接口AccessibilityEventSource。比如Button继承自View。
2)ViewGroup,是一个抽象类,一组View的集合,可以包含View和ViewGroup,是所有布局的父类或间接父类。继承了View,实现了ViewParent(用于与父视图交互的接口), ViewManager(用于添加、删除、更新子视图到Activity的接口)。比如常用的LinearLayout,RelativeLayout都是继承自ViewGroup。
3)Activity是Android四大基本组件之一,当手指触摸到屏幕时,屏幕硬件一行行不断地扫描每个像素点,获取到触摸事件后,从底层产生中断上报。再通过native层调用Java层InputEventReceiver中的dispatchInputEvent方法。经过层层调用,交由Activity的dispatchTouchEvent方法来处理。
二. 分发原理
当UI主线程收到底层上报的input事件,便会调用InputEventReceiver.dispachInputEvent方法.
接下来,便从图中的dispatchTouchEvent方法开始说起。
2.1 DecorView.dispatchTouchEvent
[-> PhoneWindow.java ::DecorView]
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
final Callback cb = getCallback();
// [见小节2.2]
return cb != null && !isDestroyed() && mFeatureId < 0 ? cb.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)
: super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
}
此处cb是指Window的内部接口Callback. 对于Activity实现了Window.Callback接口. 故接下来调用Activity类.
2.2 Activity.dispatchTouchEvent
[-> Activity.java]
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
//第一次按下操作时,用户希望能与设备进行交互,可通过实现该方法
onUserInteraction();
}
//获取当前Activity的顶层窗口是PhoneWindow [见小节2.3]
if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
return true;
}
//当没有任何view处理时,交由activity的onTouchEvent处理
return onTouchEvent(ev); // [见小节2.2.1]
}
如果重写Activity的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,则会在分发事件前可处理触摸事件的相关逻辑. 另外此处getWindow()返回的是Activity的mWindow成员变量,该变量赋值过程是在Activity.attach()方法, 可知其类型为PhoneWindow.
2.2.1 Activity.onTouchEvent
[-> Activity.java]
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
//当窗口需要关闭时,消费掉当前event
if (mWindow.shouldCloseOnTouch(this, event)) {
finish();
return true;
}
return false;
}
2.3 superDispatchTouchEvent
[-> PhoneWindow.java]
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(KeyEvent event) {
return mDecor.superDispatcTouchEvent(event); // [见小节2.4]
}
PhoneWindow的最顶View是DecorView,再交由DecorView处理。而DecorView的父类的父类是ViewGroup,接着调用 ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent()方法。为了精简篇幅,有些中间函数调用不涉及关键逻辑,可能会直接跳过。
2.4 ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
...
boolean handled = false;
//根据隐私策略而来决定是否过滤本次触摸事件,
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) { // [见小节2.4.1]
final int action = ev.getAction();
final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// 发生ACTION_DOWN事件, 则取消并清除之前所有的触摸targets
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState(); // 重置触摸状态
}
// 发生ACTION_DOWN事件或者已经发生过ACTION_DOWN;才进入此区域,主要功能是拦截器
//只有发生过ACTION_DOWN事件,则mFirstTouchTarget != null;
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
//可通过调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent,不让父View拦截事件
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
//判断是否允许调用拦截器
if (!disallowIntercept) {
//调用拦截方法
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); // [见小节2.4.2]
ev.setAction(action);
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
// 当没有触摸targets,且不是down事件时,开始持续拦截触摸。
intercepted = true;
}
...
//不取消事件,同时不拦截事件, 并且是Down事件才进入该区域
if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
//把事件分发给所有的子视图,寻找可以获取焦点的视图。
View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // down事件等于0
final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
: TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign); //清空早先的触摸对象
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
//第一次down事件,同时子视图不会空时
if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
// 从视图最上层到下层,获取所有能接收该事件的子视图
final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildOrderedChildList(); // [见小节2.4.3]
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
&& isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
final View[] children = mChildren;
/* 从最底层的父视图开始遍历, ** 找寻newTouchTarget,并赋予view与 pointerIdBits; ** 如果已经存在找寻newTouchTarget,说明正在接收触摸事件,则跳出循环。 */
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = customOrder
? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
final View child = (preorderedList == null)
? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);
// 如果当前视图无法获取用户焦点,则跳过本次循环
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
//如果view不可见,或者触摸的坐标点不在view的范围内,则跳过本次循环
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
|| !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
}
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
// 已经开始接收触摸事件,并退出整个循环。
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
//重置取消或抬起标志位
//如果触摸位置在child的区域内,则把事件分发给子View或ViewGroup
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) { // [见小节2.4.4]
// 获取TouchDown的时间点
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
// 获取TouchDown的Index
if (preorderedList != null) {
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
//获取TouchDown的x,y坐标
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
//添加TouchTarget,则mFirstTouchTarget != null。 [见小节2.4.5]
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
//表示以及分发给NewTouchTarget
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
// 清除视图列表
if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
}
if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
//将mFirstTouchTarget的链表最后的touchTarget赋给newTouchTarget
newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
}
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
}
}
}
// mFirstTouchTarget赋值是在通过addTouchTarget方法获取的;
// 只有处理ACTION_DOWN事件,才会进入addTouchTarget方法。
// 这也正是当View没有消费ACTION_DOWN事件,则不会接收其他MOVE,UP等事件的原因
if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
//没有触摸target,则由当前ViewGroup来处理
handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
} else {
//如果View消费ACTION_DOWN事件,那么MOVE,UP等事件相继开始执行
TouchTarget predecessor = null;
TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (target != null) {
final TouchTarget next = target.next;
if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
handled = true;
} else {
final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
|| intercepted;
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
handled = true;
}
if (cancelChild) {
if (predecessor == null) {
mFirstTouchTarget = next;
} else {
predecessor.next = next;
}
target.recycle();
target = next;
continue;
}
}
predecessor = target;
target = next;
}
}
//当发生抬起或取消事件,更新触摸targets
if (canceled
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
resetTouchState();
} else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
}
} //此处大括号,是if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev))的结尾
//通知verifier由于当前时间未处理,那么该事件其余的都将被忽略
if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
}
return handled;
}
2.4.1 onFilterTouchEventForSecurity
public boolean onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(MotionEvent event) {
if ((mViewFlags & FILTER_TOUCHES_WHEN_OBSCURED) != 0
&& (event.getFlags() & MotionEvent.FLAG_WINDOW_IS_OBSCURED) != 0) {
//隐私包含,则丢弃该事件
return false;
}
return true;
}
根据隐私策略来过滤触摸事件。当返回true,表示继续分发事件;当返回flase,表示该事件应该被过滤掉,不再进行任何分发。
2.4.2 onInterceptTouchEvent
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
return false;
}
- 当返回true,表示该事件被当前视图拦截;
- 当返回false,继续执行事件分发。
2.4.3 buildOrderedChildList
ArrayList<View> buildOrderedChildList() {
final int count = mChildrenCount;
if (count <= 1 || !hasChildWithZ()) return null;
if (mPreSortedChildren == null) {
mPreSortedChildren = new ArrayList<View>(count);
} else {
mPreSortedChildren.ensureCapacity(count);
}
final boolean useCustomOrder = isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
for (int i = 0; i < mChildrenCount; i++) {
// 添加下一个子视图到列表
int childIndex = useCustomOrder ? getChildDrawingOrder(mChildrenCount, i) : i;
View nextChild = mChildren[childIndex];
float currentZ = nextChild.getZ(); //获取Z轴
int insertIndex = i;
//按Z轴,从小到大排序所有的子视图
while (insertIndex > 0 && mPreSortedChildren.get(insertIndex - 1).getZ() > currentZ) {
insertIndex--;
}
mPreSortedChildren.add(insertIndex, nextChild);
}
return mPreSortedChildren;
}
获取一个视图组的先序列表,通过虚拟的Z轴来排序。
public float getZ() {
return getElevation() + getTranslationZ();
}
getZ()
用于获取Z轴坐标。屏幕只有x,y坐标,而Z是虚拟的,可通过setElevation()
,setTranslationZ()
或者setZ()
方法来修改Z轴的坐标值。
2.4.4 dispatchTransformedTouchEvent
private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel, View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
final boolean handled;
// 发生取消操作时,不再执行后续的任何操作
final int oldAction = event.getAction();
if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
if (child == null) {
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
} else {
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
event.setAction(oldAction);
return handled;
}
final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;
//由于某些原因,发生不一致的操作,那么将抛弃该事件
if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
return false;
}
//分发的主要区域
final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
//判断预期的pointer id与事件的pointer id是否相等
if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
if (child == null) {
//不存在子视图时,ViewGroup调用View.dispatchTouchEvent分发事件,再调用ViewGroup.onTouchEvent来处理事件
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); // [见小节2.4]
} else {
final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
//将触摸事件分发给子ViewGroup或View;
//如果是ViewGroup,则调用代码(2.1);
//如果是View,则调用代码(3.1);
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY); //调整该事件的位置
}
return handled;
}
transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event); //拷贝该事件,来创建一个新的MotionEvent
} else {
//分离事件,获取包含newPointerIdBits的MotionEvent
transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
}
if (child == null) {
//不存在子视图时,ViewGroup调用View.dispatchTouchEvent分发事件,再调用ViewGroup.onTouchEvent来处理事件
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent); // [见小节2.4]
} else {
final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
//将该视图的矩阵进行转换
transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
}
//将触摸事件分发给子ViewGroup或View;
//如果是ViewGroup,则 [见小节2.4]; 如果是View,则[见小节2.5];
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
}
//回收transformedEvent
transformedEvent.recycle();
return handled;
}
该方法是ViewGroup真正处理事件的地方,分发子View来处理事件,过滤掉不相干的pointer ids。当子视图为null时,MotionEvent将会发送给该ViewGroup。最终调用View.dispatchTouchEvent方法来分发事件。
2.4.5 addTouchTarget
private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(View child, int pointerIdBits) {
TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
mFirstTouchTarget = target;
return target;
}
调用该方法,获取了TouchTarget,同时mFirstTouchTarget不再为null。
2.5 View.dispatchTouchEvent
[-> View.java]
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
...
final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
//在Down事件之前,如果存在滚动操作则停止。不存在则不进行操作
stopNestedScroll();
}
// mOnTouchListener.onTouch优先于onTouchEvent。
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
//当存在OnTouchListener,且视图状态为ENABLED时,调用onTouch()方法
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true; //如果已经消费事件,则返回True
}
//如果OnTouch()没有消费Touch事件则调用OnTouchEvent()
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) { // [见小节2.5.1]
result = true; //如果已经消费事件,则返回True
}
}
if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
}
// 处理取消或抬起操作
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
(actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
stopNestedScroll();
}
return result;
}
- 先由OnTouchListener的OnTouch()来处理事件,当返回True,则消费该事件,否则进入2。
- onTouchEvent处理事件,的那个返回True时,消费该事件。否则不会处理
2.5.1 View.onTouchEvent
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final float x = event.getX();
final float y = event.getY();
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
// 当View状态为DISABLED,如果可点击或可长按,则返回True,即消费事件
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
(viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE));
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
//当View状态为ENABLED,如果可点击或可长按,则返回True,即消费事件;
//与前面的的结合,可得出结论:只要view是可点击或可长按,则消费该事件.
if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
(viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)) {
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (prepressed) {
setPressed(true, x, y);
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress) {
//这是Tap操作,移除长按回调方法
removeLongPressCallback();
if (!focusTaken) {
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
//调用View.OnClickListener
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
performClick();
}
}
}
if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
}
if (prepressed) {
postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
} else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
mUnsetPressedState.run();
}
removeTapCallback();
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
if (performButtonActionOnTouchDown(event)) {
break;
}
//获取是否处于可滚动的视图内
boolean isInScrollingContainer = isInScrollingContainer();
if (isInScrollingContainer) {
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_PREPRESSED;
if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {
mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();
}
mPendingCheckForTap.x = event.getX();
mPendingCheckForTap.y = event.getY();
//当处于可滚动视图内,则延迟TAP_TIMEOUT,再反馈按压状态,用来判断用户是否想要滚动。默认延时为100ms
postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());
} else {
//当不再滚动视图内,则立刻反馈按压状态
setPressed(true, x, y);
checkForLongClick(0); //检测是否是长按
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
setPressed(false);
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
drawableHotspotChanged(x, y);
if (!pointInView(x, y, mTouchSlop)) {
removeTapCallback();
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
removeLongPressCallback();
setPressed(false);
}
}
break;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
三. 总结
事件分发,从流程图:
onInterceptTouchEvent
返回值true表示事件拦截,onTouch/onTouchEvent
返回值true表示事件消费。- 触摸事件先交由
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent
。再一层层往下分发,当中间的ViewGroup都不拦截时,进入最底层的View后,开始由最底层的OnTouchEvent
来处理,如果一直不消费,则最后返回到Activity.OnTouchEvent
。 - ViewGroup才有
onInterceptTouchEvent
拦截方法。在分发过程中,中间任何一层ViewGroup都可以直接拦截,则不再往下分发,而是交由发生拦截操作的ViewGroup的OnTouchEvent
来处理。 - 子View可调用
requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent
方法,来设置disallowIntercept=true
,从而阻止父ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent
拦截操作。 - OnTouchEvent由下往上冒泡时,当中间任何一层的OnTouchEvent消费该事件,则不再往上传递,表示事件已处理。
- 如果View没有消费ACTION_DOWN事件,则之后的ACTION_MOVE等事件都不会再接收。
- 只要
View.onTouchEvent
是可点击或可长按,则消费该事件. onTouch
优先于onTouchEvent
执行,上面流程图中省略,onTouch
的位置在onTouchEvent
前面。当onTouch
返回true,则不执行onTouchEvent
,否则会执行onTouchEvent。onTouch
只有View设置了OnTouchListener
,且是enable的才执行该方法。