python 之 BeautifulSoup标签查找与信息提取
一、 查找a标签
(1)查找所有a标签
>>> for x in soup.find_all('a'): print(x) <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a> <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>
(2)查找所有a标签,且属性值href中需要保护关键字“”
>>> for x in soup.find_all('a',href = re.compile('lacie')): print(x) <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>
(3)查找所有a标签,且字符串内容包含关键字“Elsie”
>>> for x in soup.find_all('a',string = re.compile('Elsie')): print(x) <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>
(4)查找body标签的所有子标签,并循环打印输出
>>> for x in soup.find('body').children: if isinstance(x,bs4.element.Tag): #使用isinstance过滤掉空行内容 print(x) <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
二、信息提取(链接提取)
(1)解析信息标签结构,查找所有a标签,并提取每个a标签中href属性的值(即链接),然后存在空列表;
>>> linklist = [] >>> for x in soup.find_all('a'): link = x.get('href') if link: linklist.append(link) >>> for x in linklist: #验证:环打印出linklist列表中的链接 print(x) http://example.com/elsie http://example.com/lacie http://example.com/tillie
小结:链接提取 <---> 属性内容提取 <---> x.get('href')
(2)解析信息标签结构,查找所有a标签,且每个a标签中href中包含关键字“elsie”,然后存入空列表中;
>>> linklst = [] >>> for x in soup.find_all('a', href = re.compile('elsie')): link = x.get('href') if link: linklst.append(link) >>> for x in linklst: #验证:循环打印出linklist列表中的链接 print(x) http://example.com/elsie
小结:在进行a标签查找时,加入了对属性值href内容的正则匹配内容 <---> href = re.compile('elsie')
(3)解析信息标签结构,查询所有a标签,然后输出所有标签中的“字符串”内容;
>>> for x in soup.find_all('a'): string = x.get_text() print(string) Elsie Lacie Tillie