FTP命令行详解

1.File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy a file from one computer to another over the Internet or LAN.

2.FTP follows a client-server architecture which utilizes separate control and data connections between the ftp client and server.

3.The default port for ftp is 21.

 

Connect the remote ftp server

Use the following syntax to connect to transfer files to and from a remote network ftp site:

ftp ftp.example.com　　　　  //remote ftp server name
ftp 1.2.3.4　　　　　　　　   //username
ftp user@ftp.example.com　　//password

You must know ftp username and password for user-based password authentication or with anonymous user access use ftp as both username and password. In this example, you are connecting to ftp.freebsd.org with anonymous user access (open the terminal and type the following command):

$ ftp ftp.freebsd.org

Sample session:

Trying 87.51.34.132...
Connected to ftp.freebsd.org.
220 ftp.beastie.tdk.net FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
Name (ftp.freebsd.org:vivek): ftp
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
Password:
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp>

When you enter your own loginname and password for the ftp.example.com server, it returns the prompt  ftp>

You need to type all commands in front of the ftp> prompt.

 

Task: Download / Copy file

To copy one file at a time from the remote ftp server to the local system use get command:

get fileName
get fileName newFileName

In this example, download file resume.pdf in the current remote directory to (or on top of) a file with the same name, resume.pdf, in your current local directory:

ftp> get resume.pdf 

Sample outputs:

local: resume.pdf remote: resume.pdf
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||55093|)
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'resume.pdf' (53077 bytes).
100% |*********************************************************************| 53077       12.58 KiB/s    00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
53077 bytes received in 00:04 (12.57 KiB/s)

In this example, copies file data.tar.gz in the current remote directory to (or on top of) a file named backup.tar.gz in your current local directory:

ftp> get data.tar.gz backup.tar.gz

 

Task: Change Local Directory

To change directory on your local system, enter:

ftp> lcd /path/to/new/dir
ftp> lcd /tmp

Sample outputs:

Local directory now: /tmp

Print local directory:

ftp> lpwd
打印本地（Local）的路径

Sample outputs:

/tmp

The lpwd command prints current download directory for local systems. However, to find out the pathname of the current directory on the remote ftp server, enter:

ftp> lpwd
打印FTP端的路径地址

Sample outputs:

Remote directory: /pub/FreeBSD

 

Task: Download Multiple Files

You need to use mget command as follows to copy multiple files from the remote ftp server to the local system. You may be prompted for a yes/no (Y/N) answer before transferring each file (you can disable prompt by passing the -i option to ftp client). To download all files, enter:

ftp> mget *

To download all perl files (ending with .pl extension), enter:

ftp> mget *.pl

 

Task: Turn On / Off Interactive Prompting

The ftp command prompt sets interactive prompting; "on" which enables prompting so that you can verify of each step of the multiple commands, "off" allows the commands to act unimpeded:

ftp> prompt on
ftp> mput *.php
ftp> prompt off
ftp> mget *.py

 

Task: Delete File

To delete a file in the current remote directory use delete command:

ftp> delete fileName
ftp> delete output.jpg 

 

Task: Upload One File

To copy one file at a time from the local systems to the remote ftp server, enter:

ftp> put fileName

In this example, upload logo.jpg, enter:

ftp> put logo.jpg

 

Task: Upload Multiple Files

To copy multiple files from the local system to the remote ftp server use mput command. Again, you may be prompted for a yes/no (y/n) answer before transferring each file. In this example, upload all files from the current system:

ftp> mput *
ftp> mput *.pl

 

Task: Set The Mode Of File Transfer

To set the mode of file transfer to ASCII, enter:

ftp> ascii

Please note that ascii is the default and good for text files. To set the mode of file transfer to binary, enter:

ftp> binary

The binary mode is recommended for almost all sort of files including images, zip files and much more. The binary mode provides less chance of a transmission error.

 

Task: Connect To Another FTP Server

To open a connection with another ftp server, enter:

ftp> open ftp.nixcraft.net.in

The above command opens a new FTP connection with ftp.nixcraft.net.in. You must provide a username and password for a ftp.nixcraft.net.in account. However, a username and password can be skipped for an anonymous FTP connection.

 

Task: Exit the FTP Session

Type quit or bye, enter:

ftp> quit
OR
ftp> bye

 

How Do I Find Out More Information About The FTP Commands?

Type ? or help to get more information about the FTP commands:

ftp> ?
ftp> help

To get a short description about each command, enter:

ftp> help commandName
ftp> help chmod

ftp> help ls

Sample outputs:

ls      list contents of remote path




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