ASP程序快速生成Excel文件
ASP程序快速生成Excel文件
在一个web项目中,要求将数据生成Excel文件保存到本地,最早使用的方法是直接使用Microsoft的Office Web组件,但是总体感觉是慢(微软的通病)。然后使用SQL SERVER语句直接生成excel文件,速度是快了,但是标题等信息还需要再打开一次生成的文件进行修改,还有一个更重要问题就是当查询比较复杂的时候,就很难处理。后来又想用csv格式,但是存在分隔符好可能与数据存在冲突,出现问题。最后想到Office xp以上版本的EXCEL不是可以保存为xml格式么?那么是否可以直接以写文件的形式xml格式呢?于是立刻将一个测试的Excel文件保存成为xml格式,然后对其格式进行了分析研究,最终发现是可行的,而且速度比其他方式快多了,而且效果也好很多。
下面是一个生成的Excel文件的例子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
<Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"
xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"
xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"
xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<DocumentProperties xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
</DocumentProperties>
<ExcelWorkbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<ProtectStructure>False</ProtectStructure>
<ProtectWindows>False</ProtectWindows>
</ExcelWorkbook>
<Styles>
<Style ss:ID="Default" ss:Name="
<Alignment ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
<Borders/>
<Font ss:FontName="宋体" x:CharSet="134" ss:Size="12"/>
<Interior/>
<NumberFormat/>
<Protection/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s21">
<NumberFormat ss:Format="Currency"/>
</Style>
<Style ss:ID="s23">
<Alignment ss:Horizontal="Center" ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
</Style>
</Styles>
<Worksheet ss:Name="库存统计">
<Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="7" ss:ExpandedRowCount="4" x:FullColumns="1"
x:FullRows="1" ss:DefaultColumnWidth="54" ss:DefaultRowHeight="14.25">
<Column ss:Index="2" ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="230.25"/>
<Column ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="86.25"/>
<Row>
<Cell ss:MergeAcross="6" ss:StyleID="s23"><Data ss:Type="String">2006年全年文具用品库存统计</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">物品编号</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">物品名称</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">型号规格</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">计量单位</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">进仓数量</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">出仓数量</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">库存</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">02001001</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">钢笔</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">钢笔</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">支</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">30</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">2</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">28</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">02002001</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">签字笔</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">签字笔</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">支</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">200</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">54</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">146</Data></Cell>
</Row>
</Table>
<WorksheetOptions xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<ProtectObjects>False</ProtectObjects>
<ProtectScenarios>False</ProtectScenarios>
</WorksheetOptions>
</Worksheet>
</Workbook>
在生成该文件的时候一定要注意以下几个问题,不然生成的文件用EXCEL打开的时候会产生错误。
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
该句一定要加encoding="gb2312",不然在处理style定义的时候如果包含“宋体”等文字会产生错误。直接用EXCEL保存出来的XML文件是不包含这个编码定义。这个问题很奇怪,我一直搞不明白为什么Excel直接生成的就行,而我自己处理加工的就不行。
2. <Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="7" ss:ExpandedRowCount="4" x:FullColumns="1" x:FullRows="1" ss:DefaultColumnWidth="54" ss:DefaultRowHeight="14.25">
这句里面的ExpandedColumnCount和ExpandedRowCount的数字一定要正确。ExpandedColumnCount是表格的列数,ExpandedRowCount是表格的行数。
3. <Cell ss:MergeAcross="6" ss:StyleID="s23"><Data ss:Type="String">2006年全年文具用品库存统计</Data></Cell>
这句里面的ss:MergeAcross="6"也要注意,不能超出第2个问题中定义的列数。
ss:StyleID="s23"是表示该单元格使用的显示格式是style里面的s23定义,就是:
<Style ss:ID="s23">
<Alignment ss:Horizontal="Center" ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
</Style>
4. 设置sheet的名字
要设置sheet的名字可以在该行设置:<Worksheet ss:Name="库存统计">
下面是生成该文件的一个ASP程序:
<!--#include file="include/conn.asp"-->
<%
dim rs,,recordcount,datas,sql,heads,filepath,fso,f,filename,crlf
crlf=chr(10)&chr(13)
recordcount=0 ‘设置记录总数为0
‘生成一个excel文件名
if month(now)>9 then
if day(now)>9 then
filename=year(now) & month(now) & day(now) & replace(time,":","") & ".xls"
else
filename=year(now) & month(now) & "0" & day(now) & replace(time,":","") & ".xls"
end if
else
if day(now)>9 then
filename=year(now) & "0" & month(now) & day(now) & replace(time,":","") & ".xls"
else
filename=year(now) & "0" & month(now) & "0" & day(now) & replace(time,":","") & ".xls"
end if
‘获取生成临时excel文件的目录
filepath=server.mappath("./excel/"& filename)
openconn() ‘打开数据库连接
sql="SELECT WPID, Name, Standard, Unit,instocks,outstocks FROM wupin order by wpid"
set rs=conn.execute(sql) ‘打开记录集
‘生成行列数据
do while not rs.eof
datas=datas & "<Row>" & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData(rs(0),3) & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData(rs(1),3) & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData(rs(2),3) & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData(rs(3),3) & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData(rs(4),1) & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData(rs(5),1) & crlf & _
ProcessColXMlData((rs(4)-rs(5)),1) & crlf & _
"</Row>" & crlf
recordcount=recordcount+1 ‘记录总数+1
rs.movenext
loop
closeconn(3) ‘关闭数据库连接
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
set f=fso.CreateTextFile(filepath,2) ‘常见一个要输出的文本文件
‘写excel的文件头
f.write "<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""gb2312""?>" & crlf & _
"<?mso-application progid=""Excel.Sheet""?>" & crlf & _
"<Workbook xmlns=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet""" & crlf & _
"xmlns:o=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office""" & crlf & _
"xmlns:x=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel""" & crlf & _
"xmlns:ss=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet""" & crlf & _
"xmlns:html=""http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"">" & crlf & _
"<DocumentProperties xmlns=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"">" & crlf & _
"</DocumentProperties>" & crlf & _
"<ExcelWorkbook xmlns=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"">" & crlf & _
"<ProtectStructure>False</ProtectStructure>" & crlf & _
"<ProtectWindows>False</ProtectWindows>" & crlf & _
"</ExcelWorkbook>" & crlf & _
"<Styles>" & crlf & _
"<Style ss:ID=""Default"" ss:Name=""
"<Alignment ss:Vertical=""Bottom""/>" & crlf & _
"<Borders/>" & crlf & _
"<Font ss:FontName=""宋体"" x:CharSet=""134"" ss:Size=""12""/>" & crlf & _
"<Interior/>" & crlf & _
"<NumberFormat/>" & crlf & _
"<Protection/>" & crlf & _
"</Style>" & crlf & _
"<Style ss:ID=""s21"">" & crlf & _
"<NumberFormat ss:Format=""Currency""/>" & crlf & _
"</Style>" & crlf & _
"<Style ss:ID=""s23"">" & crlf & _
"<Alignment ss:Horizontal=""Center"" ss:Vertical=""Bottom""/>" & crlf & _
"</Style>" & crlf & _
"</Styles>" & crlf & _
"<Worksheet ss:Name=""库存统计"">" & crlf & _
"<Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount=""7"" ss:ExpandedRowCount="""&(recordcount+2)&""" x:FullColumns=""1""" & crlf & _
"x:FullRows=""1"" ss:DefaultColumnWidth=""54"" ss:DefaultRowHeight=""14.25"">" & crlf & _
"<Column ss:Index=""2"" ss:AutoFitWidth=""0"" ss:Width=""230.25""/>" & crlf & _
"<Column ss:AutoFitWidth=""0"" ss:Width=""86.25""/>" & crlf & _
"<Row>" & crlf
‘写标题行
f.write "<Cell ss:MergeAcross=""6"" ss:StyleID=""s23""><Data ss:Type=""String"">"&syear&"年全年"&GetClassName(classid)&"库存统计</Data></Cell>" & crlf
‘写表格标题
f.write "</Row>" & crlf & _
"<Row>" & crlf & _
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">物品编号</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">物品名称</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">型号规格</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">计量单位</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">进仓数量</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">出仓数量</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">库存</Data></Cell>" & crlf &_
"</Row>" & crlf
‘写数据
f.write datas
‘写excel文件尾
f.write "</Table>" & crlf & _
"<WorksheetOptions xmlns=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"">" & crlf & _
"<ProtectObjects>False</ProtectObjects>" & crlf & _
"<ProtectScenarios>False</ProtectScenarios>" & crlf & _
"</WorksheetOptions>" & crlf & _
"</Worksheet>" & crlf & _
"</Workbook>" & crlf
f.close
set fso=nothing
‘转向excel文件,提供下载
response.redirect("./excel/"& filename)
end if
‘该函数根据数据类型处理字段的输出格式
Function ProcessColXMlData(data,dataType)
if len(data)=0 or isnull(data) or data="" then data=""
select case dataType
case 1 '整型
ProcessColXMlData="<Cell><Data ss:Type=""Number"">"&data&"</Data></Cell>"
case 2 '货币
ProcessColXMlData="<Cell ss:StyleID=""s21""><Data ss:Type=""Number"">"&data&"</Data></Cell>"
case 3 '字符串
ProcessColXMlData="<Cell><Data ss:Type=""String"">"&data&"</Data></Cell>"
case 4 '日期
ProcessColXMlData="<Cell ss:StyleID=""s22""><Data ss:Type=""DateTime"">"&data&"</Data></Cell>"
end select
End Function
%>
总结:使用该方法生成EXCEL文件不单速度快,而且灵活,可以适合多种样式的表格数据,唯一缺陷是不支持图表。
参考资料:
HOWTO: Use Visual Basic or ASP to Create an XML Spreadsheet for Excel 2002
如何使用 Visual Basic 或 ASP 创建 Excel 2002 和 Excel 2003 的 XML 表格
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/285891