SpringBoot:四种读取properties文件的方式
前言
在项目开发中经常会用到配置文件,配置文件的存在解决了很大一份重复的工作。今天就分享四种在Springboot中获取配置文件的方式。
注:前三种测试配置文件为springboot默认的application.properties
文件
- #######################方式一#########################
- com.battle.type3=Springboot - @ConfigurationProperties
- com.battle.title3=使用@ConfigurationProperties获取配置文件
- #map
- com.battle.login[username]=admin
- com.battle.login[password]=123456
- com.battle.login[callback]=http://www.flyat.cc
- #list
- com.battle.urls[0]=http://ztool.cc
- com.battle.urls[1]=http://ztool.cc/format/js
- com.battle.urls[2]=http://ztool.cc/str2image
- com.battle.urls[3]=http://ztool.cc/json2Entity
- com.battle.urls[4]=http://ztool.cc/ua
- #######################方式二#########################
- com.battle.type=Springboot - @Value
- com.battle.title=使用@Value获取配置文件
- #######################方式三#########################
- com.battle.type2=Springboot - Environment
- com.battle.title2=使用Environment获取配置文件
一、@ConfigurationProperties方式
自定义配置类:PropertiesConfig.java
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
- //import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- /**
- * 对应上方配置文件中的第一段配置
- * @author battle
- * @date 2017年6月1日 下午4:34:18
- * @version V1.0
- * @since JDK : 1.7 */
- @Component
- @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "com.zyd")
- // PropertySource默认取application.properties
- // @PropertySource(value = "config.properties")
- public class PropertiesConfig {
- public String type3; public String title3;
- public Map<String, String> login = new HashMap<String, String>();
- public List<String> urls = new ArrayList<>();
- public String getType3() {
- return type3;
- }
- public void setType3(String type3) {
- this.type3 = type3;
- }
- public String getTitle3() {
- try {
- return new String(title3.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return title3;
- }
- public void setTitle3(String title3) {
- this.title3 = title3;
- }
- public Map<String, String> getLogin() { return login; }
- public void setLogin(Map<String, String> login) { this.login = login; }
- public List<String> getUrls() { return urls; }
- public void setUrls(List<String> urls) { this.urls = urls; } }
程序启动类:Applaction.java
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- import com.zyd.property.config.PropertiesConfig;
- @SpringBootApplication
- @RestController
- public class Applaction {
- @Autowired private PropertiesConfig propertiesConfig;
- /**
- * 第一种方式:使用`@ConfigurationProperties`注解将配置文件属性注入到配置对象类中
- * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
- * @since JDK 1.7 */
- @RequestMapping( "/config" ) public Map<String, Object> configurationProperties()
- {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put( "type", propertiesConfig.getType3() );
- map.put( "title", propertiesConfig.getTitle3() );
- map.put( "login", propertiesConfig.getLogin() );
- map.put( "urls", propertiesConfig.getUrls() );
- return(map);
- }
- public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
- {
- SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication( Applaction.class );
- application.run( args );
- }
- }
访问结果:
{"title":"使用@ConfigurationProperties获取配置文件",
"urls":["http://ztool.cc","http://ztool.cc/format/js","http://ztool.cc/str2image",
"http://ztool.cc/json2Entity","http://ztool.cc/ua"],
"login":{"username":"admin",
"callback":"http://www.flyat.cc","password":"123456"},
"type":"Springboot - @ConfigurationProperties"}
二、使用@Value注解方式
程序启动类:Applaction.java
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- @SpringBootApplication
- @RestController
- public class Applaction {
- @Value("${com.zyd.type}") private String type;
- @Value("${com.zyd.title}") private String title;
- /** * * 第二种方式:使用`@Value("${propertyName}")`注解 *
- * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException * @since JDK 1.7 */
- @RequestMapping("/value") public Map<String, Object> value() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put("type", type);
- // *.properties文件中的中文默认以ISO-8859-1方式编码,因此需要对中文内容进行重新编码
- map.put("title", new String(title.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8"));
- return map;
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Applaction.class);
- application.run(args);
- } }
访问结果:
{"title":"使用@Value获取配置文件","type":"Springboot - @Value"}
三、使用Environment
程序启动类:Applaction.java
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- @SpringBootApplication
- @RestController
- public class Applaction {
- @Autowired private Environment env;
- /** * * 第三种方式:使用`Environment` * * @author zyd * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException * @since JDK 1.7 */
- @RequestMapping("/env") public Map<String, Object> env() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put("type", env.getProperty("com.zyd.type2"));
- map.put("title", new String(env.getProperty("com.zyd.title2").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8"));
- return map;
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Applaction.class);
- application.run(args);
- }
- }
访问结果:
{"title":"使用Environment获取配置文件","type":"Springboot - Environment"}
四、使用PropertiesLoaderUtils
app-config.properties
- #### 通过注册监听器(`Listeners`) + `PropertiesLoaderUtils`的方式
- com.battle.type=Springboot - Listeners
- com.battle.title=使用Listeners + PropertiesLoaderUtils获取配置文件
- com.battle.name=zyd
- com.battle.address=Beijing
- com.battle.company=in
PropertiesListener.java 用来初始化加载配置文件
- import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartedEvent;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
- import com.zyd.property.config.PropertiesListenerConfig;
- public class PropertiesListener implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationStartedEvent> {
- private String propertyFileName;
- public PropertiesListener(String propertyFileName) {
- this.propertyFileName = propertyFileName;
- }
- @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationStartedEvent event) {
- PropertiesListenerConfig.loadAllProperties(propertyFileName);
- }
- }
PropertiesListenerConfig.java 加载配置文件内容
- import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartedEvent;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
- import com.zyd.property.config.PropertiesListenerConfig;
- public class PropertiesListener implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationStartedEvent> {
- private String propertyFileName;
- public PropertiesListener(String propertyFileName) {
- this.propertyFileName = propertyFileName;
- }
- @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationStartedEvent event) {
- PropertiesListenerConfig.loadAllProperties(propertyFileName);
- }
- }
Applaction.java 启动类
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- import com.zyd.property.config.PropertiesListenerConfig;
- import com.zyd.property.listener.PropertiesListener;
- @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class Applaction {
- /** * * 第四种方式:通过注册监听器(`Listeners`) + `PropertiesLoaderUtils`的方式 * * @author zyd * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException * @since JDK 1.7 */
- @RequestMapping("/listener") public Map<String, Object> listener() {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.putAll(PropertiesListenerConfig.getAllProperty());
- return map;
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Applaction.class);
- // 第四种方式:注册监听器 application.addListeners(new PropertiesListener("app-config.properties")); application.run(args); } }
访问结果:
- {"com.battle.name":"zyd",
- "com.battle.address":"Beijing",
- "com.battle.title":"使用Listeners + PropertiesLoaderUtils获取配置文件",
- "com.battle.type":"Springboot - Listeners",
- "com.battle.company":"in"}