C++11中引入了一个用于多线程操作的thread类,简单多线程示例:


#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <Windows.h>

using namespace std;

void thread01()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Thread 01 is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(100);
	}
}
void thread02()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Thread 02 is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(200);
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread task01(thread01);
	thread task02(thread02);
	task01.join();
	task02.join();

	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Main thread is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(200);
	}
	system("pause");
}


输出:


两个子线程并行执行,join函数会阻塞主流程,所以子线程都执行完成之后才继续执行主线程。可以使用detach将子线程从主流程中分离,独立运行,不会阻塞主线程:


#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <Windows.h>

using namespace std;

void thread01()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Thread 01 is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(100);
	}
}
void thread02()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Thread 02 is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(200);
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread task01(thread01);
	thread task02(thread02);
	task01.detach();
	task02.detach();

	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Main thread is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(200);
	}
	system("pause");
}

输出:


使用detach的主线程和两个子线程并行执行。


带参子线程


在绑定的时候也可以同时给带参数的线程传入参数:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <Windows.h>

using namespace std;

//定义带参数子线程
void thread01(int num)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		cout << "Thread 01 is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(100);
	}
}
void thread02(int num)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		cout << "Thread 02 is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(200);
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread task01(thread01, 5);  //带参数子线程
	thread task02(thread02, 5);
	task01.detach();
	task02.detach();

	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Main thread is working !" << endl;
		Sleep(200);
	}
	system("pause");
}

输出跟上例输出一样:



多线程数据竞争


多个线程同时对同一变量进行操作的时候,如果不对变量做一些保护处理,有可能导致处理结果异常:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <Windows.h>

using namespace std;

int totalNum = 100;

void thread01()
{
	while (totalNum > 0)
	{
		cout << totalNum << endl;
		totalNum--;
		Sleep(100);
	}
}
void thread02()
{
	while (totalNum > 0)
	{
		cout << totalNum << endl;
		totalNum--;
		Sleep(100);
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread task01(thread01);
	thread task02(thread02);
	task01.detach();
	task02.detach();
	system("pause");
}

输出结果(部分):



有两个问题,一是有很多变量被重复输出了,而有的变量没有被输出;二是正常情况下每个线程输出的数据后应该紧跟一个换行符,但这里大部分却是另一个线程的输出。

这是由于第一个线程对变量操作的过程中,第二个线程也对同一个变量进行各操作,导致第一个线程处理完后的输出有可能是线程二操作的结果。针对这种数据竞争的情况,可以使用线程互斥对象mutex保持数据同步。

mutex类的使用需要包含头文件mutex:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <mutex>

using namespace std;

mutex mu;  //线程互斥对象

int totalNum = 100;

void thread01()
{
	while (totalNum > 0)
	{
		mu.lock(); //同步数据锁
		cout << totalNum << endl;
		totalNum--;
		Sleep(100);
		mu.unlock();  //解除锁定
	}
}
void thread02()
{
	while (totalNum > 0)
	{
		mu.lock();
		cout << totalNum << endl;
		totalNum--;
		Sleep(100);
		mu.unlock();
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread task01(thread01);
	thread task02(thread02);
	task01.detach();
	task02.detach();
	system("pause");
}

多线程中加入mutex互斥对象之后输出正常:



posted on 2016-12-28 20:23  未雨愁眸  阅读(216)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报