#13 Roman to Integer
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
For example, two is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, XII
, which is simply X
+ II
. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII
, which is XX
+ V
+ II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III" Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV" Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX" Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII" Output: 58 Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV" Output: 1994 Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Solution1:
class Solution:
def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
output = 0
i = 0
while(i<len(s)):
if s[i] == "I":
if i < len(s)-1 and s[i+1] == "V":
output += 4
i += 2
elif i < len(s)-1 and s[i+1] == "X":
output += 9
i += 2
else:
output += 1
i += 1
elif s[i] == "X":
if i < len(s)-1 and s[i+1] == "L":
output += 40
i += 2
elif i < len(s)-1 and s[i+1] == "C":
output += 90
i += 2
else:
output += 10
i += 1
elif s[i] == "C":
if i < len(s)-1 and s[i+1] == "D":
output += 400
i += 2
elif i < len(s)-1 and s[i+1] == "M":
output += 900
i += 2
else:
output += 100
i += 1
elif s[i] == "V":
output += 5
i += 1
elif s[i] == "L":
output += 50
i += 1
elif s[i] == "D":
output += 500
i += 1
elif s[i] == "M":
output += 1000
i += 1
return output
Solution2:
class Solution:
def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
output = 0
for i in range(len(s)):
if s[i] == "I":
output += 1
elif s[i] == "V":
output += 5
elif s[i] == "X":
output += 10
elif s[i] == "L":
output += 50
elif s[i] == "C":
output += 100
elif s[i] == "D":
output += 500
elif s[i] == "M":
output += 1000
num_iv = s.count("IV")
num_ix = s.count("IX")
num_xl = s.count("XL")
num_xc = s.count("XC")
num_cd = s.count("CD")
num_cm = s.count("CM")
output -= (num_iv + num_ix) * 2 \
+ (num_xl + num_xc) * 20 \
+ (num_cd + num_cm) * 200
return output