[十二省联考2019]D1T2字符串问题

嘟嘟嘟


省选Day1真是重大失误,T2连暴力都没时间写。
上周五重新答了遍Day1,竟然搞了187分吼吼吼吼。
T2按40分写的暴力,结果竟然得了60分。


稍微说一下暴力吧:预处理哈希,对于一组支配关系\(A_i\), \(B_i\),用哈希判断\(B_i\)是哪些\(A\)串的前缀,是的话就连边\((A_i, A_j)\)。用哈希能做到单次\(O(n)\),因此建图复杂度\(O(n ^ 2)\)
然后就是判无环后拓扑排序了。
暴力代码我会在最下面放!


接着讲正解。
从暴力能看出来,瓶颈在于建图,一是挨个判前缀时间不够,二是挨个建边空间不够。
为了解决这些,我们需要强力的字符串数据结构,比如SAM(我不会SA)。


首先把原串反过来建SAM,并记录每一个位置在后缀树(我才知道到由link构成的树就是后缀树)上对应的节点。
然后对于每一个\(A\)\(B\)串,倍增找到后缀树上的所属的节点,开一个vector存下来。
我们要做的,就是对于所有\(B_i\),如果是\(A_j\)的后缀(因为反过来了),就向\(A_j\)连边,这样如果\(A_i\)支配\(B_i\),只需从\(A_i\)\(B_i\)连边,图就建好了。
支配的话直接连就好了,而\(B_i\)向所有\(A_j\)连边,其实就是\(B_i\)向他的子树里的所有\(A_j\)连边,但这样一条条连固然不行,观察到这些\(A_j\)的dfs序是连续的,所以可以线段树优化建图,这就是伟大的学姐写的。
其实也不用。只要每一个点向他的孩子连边就行了,这样虽然不是直接连边,但肯定能保证\(B_i\)能到\(A_j\)
这个虽然解决了,但还有一件事没有解决。
就是后缀树上的每一个点可能有多个\(A\)\(B\)串(不然开vector干嘛),因此上述连边会让编号弄混,分不清到底向哪一个串连边。
所以我们先把每一个vector按长度为第一关键字,是否为\(A\)类串为第二关键字排序,然后把后缀树上的点拆点,在一个节点内,如果有\(A_1, A_2, A_3, B_1, B_2\)这几个串,且长度上满足\(l_{B_1} > l_{A_1} > l_{A_2} > l_{B_2} > l _ {A_3}\),那么我们就这么建图:

其中\(i\)表示后缀树上这个结点的编号,\(j\)\(i\)的孩子结点。
然后我们就可以愉快的跑拓扑排序啦,注意到图上只有\(A\)类点是我们需要的,因此把别的点的权值清零,就不会干扰\(A\)类点统计答案了。

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define enter puts("") 
#define space putchar(' ')
#define Mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define In inline
typedef long long ll;
typedef double db;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const db eps = 1e-8;
const int maxn = 2e5 + 5;
const int maxe = 2e6 + 5;
const int N = 18;
inline ll read()
{
  	ll ans = 0;
  	char ch = getchar(), last = ' ';
  	while(!isdigit(ch)) last = ch, ch = getchar();
  	while(isdigit(ch)) ans = (ans << 1) + (ans << 3) + ch - '0', ch = getchar();
  	if(last == '-') ans = -ans;
  	return ans;
}
inline void write(ll x)
{
  	if(x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-');
  	if(x >= 10) write(x / 10);
  	putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}

char s[maxn];
int n, m, na, nb;

int fa[N + 2][maxn << 1];
int tra[maxn << 1][27], link[maxn << 1], len[maxn << 2], id[maxn], las = 1, cnt = 1;
In void insert(int c)
{
  	int now = ++cnt, p = las;
  	len[now] = len[las] + 1;
  	while(p && !tra[p][c]) tra[p][c] = now, p = link[p];
  	if(!p) link[now] = 1;
  	else
    {
      	int q = tra[p][c];
      	if(len[q] == len[p] + 1) link[now] = q;
      	else
		{
		  	int clo = ++cnt;
		  	memcpy(tra[clo], tra[q], sizeof(tra[q]));
		  	len[clo] = len[p] + 1;
		  	link[clo] = link[q]; link[q] = link[now] = clo;
		  	while(p && tra[p][c] == q) tra[p][c] = clo, p = link[p];
		}
    }
  	las = now;
}

int Siz = 0, isa[maxn << 2], lst[maxn << 2];
int a[maxn], b[maxn];
vector<int> v[maxn << 2];
In void solve(const int& flg)
{
  	int L = read(), R = read();
  	int Len = R - L + 1, x = id[L];
  	for(int i = N; i >= 0; --i)
    	if(fa[i][x] && len[fa[i][x]] >= Len) x = fa[i][x];
  	isa[++Siz] = flg, len[Siz] = Len, v[x].push_back(Siz);
}

In bool cmp(const int& a, const int& b)
{
  	return len[a] > len[b] || (len[a] == len[b] && isa[a] > isa[b]);
}

struct Edge
{
  	int nxt, to;
}e[maxe];
int head[maxn << 2], ecnt = -1, du[maxn << 2];
In void addEdge(const int& x, const int& y)
{
  	++du[y];
  	e[++ecnt] = (Edge){head[x], y};
  	head[x] = ecnt;
}

ll dp[maxn << 2];
In ll topo()
{
  	queue<int> q; ll ret = 0;
  	for(int i = 1; i <= Siz; ++i) if(!du[i]) q.push(i), dp[i] = len[i];
  	while(!q.empty())
    {
      	int now = q.front(); q.pop();
      	ret = max(ret, dp[now]);
      	for(int i = head[now], v; ~i; i = e[i].nxt)
		{
	  		v = e[i].to;
	  		dp[v] = max(dp[v], dp[now] + len[v]);
	  		if(!--du[v]) q.push(v);
		}
    }
  	for(int i = 1; i <= Siz; ++i) if(du[i]) return -1;
  	return ret;
}

In void clear()
{
  	for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) link[i] = 0, Mem(tra[i], 0);
  	ecnt = -1; las = cnt = 1;
  	for(int i = 1; i <= Siz; ++i)
    {
      	v[i].clear(); head[i] = -1;
      	isa[i] = len[i] = dp[i] = du[i] = 0;
    }
}

int main()
{
  	//freopen("ha.in", "r", stdin);
  	//freopen("ha.out", "w", stdout);
  	Mem(head, -1);
  	int T = read();
  	while(T--)
    {
      	scanf("%s", s + 1); n = strlen(s + 1);
      	for(int i = n; i; --i) insert(s[i] - 'a'), id[i] = las;
      	for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) fa[0][i] = link[i];
      	for(int j = 1; j <= N; ++j)
			for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) fa[j][i] = fa[j - 1][fa[j - 1][i]];
      	Siz = cnt;
      	na = read();
      	for(int i = 1; i <= na; ++i) solve(1), a[i] = Siz;
      	nb = read();
      	for(int i = 1; i <= nb; ++i) solve(0), b[i] = Siz;
      	for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) sort(v[i].begin(), v[i].end(), cmp);
      	for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i)
		{
	  		int last = i;
	  		for(int j = v[i].size() - 1; j >= 0; --j)
	    	{
	      		addEdge(last, v[i][j]);
	      		if(!isa[v[i][j]]) last = v[i][j];
	    	}
	  	lst[i] = last;
		}
      	for(int i = 2; i <= cnt; ++i) addEdge(lst[link[i]], i);
      	for(int i = 1; i <= Siz; ++i) if(!isa[i]) len[i] = 0;
      	m = read();
      	for(int i = 1, x, y; i <= m; ++i) x = read(), y = read(), addEdge(a[x], b[y]);
      	write(topo()), enter;
      	clear();
    }
  	return 0;
}

然后还有我的优美的暴力代码啦啦啦。(判环的时候还特意写了个tarjan,其实不用,拓扑后看有没有入度不为0的点就行了,就像上面一样) ```c++ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; #define enter puts("") #define space putchar(' ') #define Mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a)) #define In inline typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef double db; const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; const db eps = 1e-8; const ull bse = 998244353; const int maxn = 2e5 + 5; const int maxe = 1e7 + 5; inline ll read() { ll ans = 0; char ch = getchar(), last = ' '; while(!isdigit(ch)) last = ch, ch = getchar(); while(isdigit(ch)) ans = (ans << 1) + (ans << 3) + ch - '0', ch = getchar(); if(last == '-') ans = -ans; return ans; } inline void write(ll x) { if(x < 0) x = -x, putchar('-'); if(x >= 10) write(x / 10); putchar(x % 10 + '0'); } In void MYFILE() { #ifndef mrclr freopen("string.in", "r", stdin); freopen("string.out", "w", stdout); #endif }

char s[maxn];
ull has[maxn], p[maxn];
int n, m, na, nb, du[maxn];
bool FLG = 1;
struct Node
{
int L, R, len; ull h;
}ta[maxn], tb[maxn];

In ull calc_has(int L, int len)
{
return has[L + len - 1] - has[L - 1] * p[len];
}

struct Edge
{
int nxt, to;
}e[maxe];
int head[maxn], ecnt = -1;
In void addEdge(int x, int y)
{
if(x == y) FLG = 0;
e[++ecnt] = (Edge){head[x], y};
head[x] = ecnt;
}

bool in[maxn];
int st[maxn], top = 0;
int dfn[maxn], low[maxn], cnt = 0;
int num[maxn], ccol = 0;
In void tarjan(int now)
{
dfn[now] = low[now] = ++cnt;
st[++top] = now; in[now] = 1;
for(int i = head[now], v; ~i; i = e[i].nxt)
{
if(!dfn[v = e[i].to])
{
tarjan(v);
low[now] = min(low[now], low[v]);
}
else if(in[v]) low[now] = min(low[now], dfn[v]);
}
if(low[now] == dfn[now])
{
int x; ++ccol;
do
{
x = st[top--]; in[x] = 0;
++num[ccol];
}while(x ^ now);
}
}

ll dis[maxn];
In void topo()
{
queue q; q.push(0);
for(int i = 1; i <= na; ++i) if(!du[i]) q.push(i), dis[i] = ta[i].len;
while(!q.empty())
{
int now = q.front(); q.pop();
for(int i = head[now], v; ~i; i = e[i].nxt)
{
v = e[i].to;
dis[v] = max(dis[v], dis[now] + ta[v].len);
if(!--du[v]) q.push(v);
}
}
}

In void init()
{
ecnt = -1, top = cnt = ccol = 0; FLG = 1;
int Max = max(na, nb);
for(int i = 0; i <= Max; ++i)
du[i] = dfn[i] = low[i] = num[i] = dis[i] = in[i] = 0, head[i] = -1;
}

int main()
{
//MYFILE();
Mem(head, -1);
int T = read();
while(T--)
{
scanf("%s", s + 1);
n = strlen(s + 1); p[0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
has[i] = has[i - 1] * bse + s[i];
p[i] = p[i - 1] * bse;
}
na = read();
for(int i = 1; i <= na; ++i)
{
int L = read(), R = read();
ta[i] = (Node){L, R, R - L + 1, has[R] - has[L - 1] * p[R - L + 1]};
}
nb = read();
for(int i = 1; i <= nb; ++i)
{
int L = read(), R = read();
tb[i] = (Node){L, R, R - L + 1, has[R] - has[L - 1] * p[R - L + 1]};
}
init();
m = read();
for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
{
int x = read(), y = read();
for(int j = 1; j <= na && FLG; ++j)
if(ta[j].len >= tb[y].len && calc_has(ta[j].L, tb[y].len) == tb[y].h)
addEdge(x, j), ++du[j];
}
if(!FLG) {puts("-1"); continue;}
bool flg = 1;
for(int i = 1; i <= na; ++i) if(!dfn[i]) tarjan(i);
for(int i = 1; i <= ccol && flg; ++i) if(num[i] > 1) flg = 0;
if(!flg) {puts("-1"); continue;}
topo();
ll ans = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= na; ++i) ans = max(ans, dis[i]);
write(ans), enter;
}
return 0;
}

posted @ 2019-04-28 22:09  mrclr  阅读(139)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报